JPH06238238A - Air classifier - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain an air classifier a mixture of the ground heat insulating material, plastic and metals of a refrigerator in a high classification ratio by reducing wind velocity in the direction of a wind passage in a device classifying lumpy lightweight matter from a mixture. CONSTITUTION:When a mixture of the roughly ground heat insulating material, plastic and metals of a refrigerator enters an inclined type air classifier reduced in wind velocity in the direction of the passage of a wind tunnel 2, heavy metals are classified at first. The residual plate-shaped plastic is easy to fly in the same way as the heat insulating material when the surface thereof is in the direction right-angled to the direction of a wind but, when it advances into the wind tunnel 2, the probability always flying the plastic in the direction right-angled to the direction of a wind is reduced because of the reduction in wind velocity and the plastic reaches the floor surface of the wind tunnel 2 and subsequently begins to slide along the floor surface of the wind tunnel 2 and the surface of the plastic becomes parallel to the direction of a wind. Therefore, the plastic suddenly becomes hard to fly and the difference in flying easiness between the plastic and the jumpy heat insulating material becomes large to enhance classification accuracy.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a waste sorting apparatus in which light, heavy and intermediate heavy materials are mixed, and more particularly to a waste sorting apparatus including a heat insulating material such as urethane foam when a refrigerator or the like is crushed. It is a thing.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A conventional wind power sorter is the actual open type shovel 61-2.
There is a horizontal wind power sorter and the like as shown in Japanese Patent No. 04683.

In such a sorter, the accuracy of sorting heavy objects such as metals is good, but the accuracy of sorting lightweight objects and intermediate heavy objects is poor.

[0004]

There are at least two types of materials, namely, a lightweight material such as urethane foam, and a plate-shaped or deformed plate-shaped plastic or the like having a greater specific gravity than the urethane foam by the above-described wind power sorter. When trying to separate a lumpy, lightweight material such as urethane foam from a mixture, the specific gravity of urethane foam is small, but plate-shaped plastic is easy to fly against the wind, and the separation of urethane foam and plastic is not good. However, there is a problem in that much of urethane foam and the like is mixed into the plastic side.

The object of the present invention is to solve the above problems and to roughly crush a refrigerator or the like using urethane foam or the like as a heat insulating material, and then to fractionate a mixture of the heat insulating material, plastic and metal at a high fractionation rate. The present invention is to provide a wind power sorting device that does.

[0006]

[Means for Solving the Problems] The above object is to roughly crush a refrigerator or the like using a heat insulating material and reduce the mixture of the crushed heat insulating material, plastic, metal, etc. in the direction of the wind flow path. This is achieved by using an inclined wind power classification device characterized by being configured as described above.

[0007]

When the mixture of the heat insulating material, plastic, metal or the like after being roughly crushed enters the inclined wind force separating apparatus of the present invention configured so that the wind speed decreases in the direction of the flow path, it is a metal that does not fly easily. Are sorted first. The remaining plate-shaped plastic is easy to fly in the wind direction, that is, in the direction perpendicular to the wind direction, like the heat insulating material. However, it is considered that there is a small probability that the wind speed will decrease as it progresses in the wind tunnel, or that the plastic surface will face the direction perpendicular to the wind direction and always fly, so the plastic will land on the floor surface of the wind tunnel. After landing, the plastic starts to slide on the floor surface of the inclined wind tunnel. At this time, the landing surface is a stable surface for sliding, that is, the plastic plate surface is parallel to the wind direction. Therefore, the plastic becomes hard to fly suddenly, the difference between the lump-shaped heat insulating material and the ease of flying becomes large, and the accuracy of separation is improved.

[0008]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the wind force classification device shown in FIGS. 1 is a plan view and FIG. 2 is FIG.
It is a sketch of the main part of. In both drawings, 1 is a blower, and 2 is a wind tunnel portion whose cross-sectional area gradually expands toward the leeward side, whereby the wind speed gradually decreases in the wind tunnel. 3 is a charging port, 4 is a discharging port A for discharging heavy materials such as metal, 5 is a discharging port B for discharging plastics sorted by wind power, 6
Is a discharge port C through which the heat insulating material blown by the wind is discharged.
Further, 7 is a screen for collecting minute heat insulating material, 8
Is an exhaust port, 9 is a rotary valve, 10 is a collection container, 1
1 is a lid.

The separating mechanism will be described below.

The behavior of an object in a constant wind speed is
It is given by (1) and equation (2).

[0011]

[Formula 1]

[0012]

[Formula 2]

Where

[0014]

[Formula 3]

[0015]

[Formula 4]

U: wind velocity (m) v _x : horizontal velocity (m / s) v _y : vertical velocity (m / s) v _r : relative velocity (m / s) β of an object in the air flow : Angle between relative velocity direction of object in air flow and horizontal line (-) _CD : Air resistance coefficient (-) sphere; 0.44 disk; 1.12 t: Time (s) V _P : Volume (m ³ ) sphere; [pi] D _P ^{3/6 _{disc; πD P 2 B P / 4}} S P: receiving area drag _{^{(m 2) (= πD P}} 2/4) D P: diameter of the sphere or disk (m) B _P: circle Plate thickness (m) ρ _P : Object density (kg / m ³ ) ρ _f : Gas density (kg / m ³ )

[0017]

[Formula 5]

[0018]

[Formula 6]

V: velocity of the object (m / s) α: angle (-) between the traveling direction of the object and the horizontal line.

FIG. 3 shows an example in which the trajectory of the object is obtained from these equations.

The condition at this time is a wind speed of 10 m / s.

Since the urethane foam after coarse crushing has a particle size of about 30 mm or less, the urethane foam flies like one-dot chain line, two-dot chain line and three-dot chain line depending on the particle size.

On the other hand, in the case of plastic, when the surface of the plastic that is most easily blown by the wind is at a right angle to the wind direction, it becomes like a solid line, and the difference in the ease of flying between the plastic and urethane foam is small, and the separation is incomplete. It is clear from this figure that

On the other hand, when the surface of the plastic is parallel to the wind direction, it is as shown by the broken line, and the difference from the urethane foam is clear.

Therefore, it is important to make the surface of the plastic parallel to the wind direction to prevent the plastic from flying and to increase the difference in easiness of flying from the urethane foam to improve the sorting accuracy.

The feature of the present invention is to make the plastic surface parallel to the wind direction by landing the plastic on the floor surface of the wind tunnel and sliding the floor surface. The landing means is to reduce the wind speed in the wind tunnel. Hereinafter, this will be specifically described.

When the plastics flying in the direction perpendicular to the wind direction, that is, the plastics flying in the state of being the easiest to fly, and the lumped urethane foam coexist in the wind tunnel, the wind speed decreases or the plastic always moves in the direction perpendicular to the wind direction. The plastic will land on the floor because the probability of flying is small. After landing, the plastic starts to slide on the sloping floor surface, where the landing surface is a slip-stable surface, that is, the plastic plate surface is parallel to the wind direction. That is, the plastic becomes hard to fly suddenly, and the difference in easiness of jumping from the lumpy urethane foam becomes large, so that the accuracy of separation is improved.

Another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

Since it is possible to gradually decrease the wind speed in the wind tunnel by gradually increasing the cross-sectional area in the direction perpendicular to the wind direction, it is possible to use the wind tunnel having the shape shown in FIG.

The operation in this case is the same as that of the first embodiment, and therefore its explanation is omitted.

Still another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

To gradually reduce the wind speed in the wind tunnel, see FIG.
It is also possible to provide an exhaust port for adjusting the air volume on the ceiling of the wind tunnel as shown in FIG. In this case, it is necessary to take measures such as adjusting the amount of exhaust air from the ceiling and installing a screen or the like so as to prevent objects such as urethane foam that easily fly in the wind from being discharged from the exhaust port for adjusting the air flow rate.

The operation in this case is also the same as that of the first embodiment, and the description thereof will be omitted.

Still another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

In this embodiment, the shape of the wind tunnel is similar to that of the first embodiment, that is, the cross-sectional area of the wind tunnel increases as the side plates of the wind tunnel spread laterally. A blower port 13 for blowing air obliquely upward from below is provided in the vicinity of the discharge port at the bottom of the wind tunnel of this shape, and a part of the wind blown from the blower to the wind tunnel through the guide plate 12 is blown. In the case of this structure, the wind hits the plastic surface sliding down the inclined surface almost perpendicularly, that is, in the direction most likely to fly. Therefore, plastic and metal are accurately separated and collected in a collection container having a partition.

Since the metal and plastic outlets are the same in this embodiment, it is possible to make the present embodiment smaller than that in FIG. 1 considering that a certain distance is required between the urethane foam and the plastic outlets. it can.

[0037]

According to the present invention, since plate-shaped or deformed plate-shaped plastic or the like is parallel to the wind direction, it becomes difficult to fly, and there is a difference in ease of flight from a lumpy and lightweight object such as urethane foam to be separated. It becomes larger and the sorting accuracy is improved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a typical embodiment of the present invention.

2 is a sketch of FIG. 1. FIG.

FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram of ease of flight of various materials.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing still another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing still another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing still another embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... Blower, 2 ... Wind tunnel, 3 ... Input port, 4-6 ... Discharge port,
7 ... Screen, 9 ... Rotary valve, 10 ... Collection container, 11 ... Lid, 12 ... Guide plate, 13 ... Blower, 14
…Vent.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Yoshiyuki Takamura 794 Azuma Higashitoyo, Kudamatsu City, Yamaguchi Prefecture Stock Company Hitachi Ltd. Kasado Plant

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A mixture of two kinds of materials, such as at least a lumpy and lightweight material such as urethane foam, and a plate-shaped or deformed plate-shaped plastic or the like having a greater specific gravity than the urethane foam, such as urethane foam. An inclined wind power classification device, characterized in that it is configured so that the wind speed decreases in the direction of the flow path of the wind in a device for separating lumpy and lightweight objects. 2. The inclined wind power sorter according to claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional area of a surface perpendicular to the wind flow passage increases in the direction of the wind flow passage. 3. The structure according to claim 1, wherein, in addition to the exhaust port at the end of the wind power classification device, at least one exhaust port for adjusting the wind speed is installed along the flow path of the wind. A tilting type wind power sorting device. 4. A bulky and lightweight material such as urethane foam, a plate-shaped or deformed plate-shaped plastic or the like having a higher specific gravity than the urethane foam, and a metal having a higher specific gravity. From the mixture, a lumpy and lightweight material such as the urethane foam is blown and separated by an inclined wind power classification device configured so that the wind speed decreases in the direction of the flow path of the wind, and the remaining plastics and metals are separated. Sliding the inclined surface of the inclined wind power sorter, near the outlet of the mixture of plastic and metal etc., provided a blower direction of the wind direction from the lower side of the inclined surface to the upper side, and a separation container partitioned into a plurality of, A wind power classification device characterized by separating plastic or the like having a small specific gravity from metal or the like.