JPS60262856A - Electrically conductive polymer composition and heater made by using the same - Google Patents
Electrically conductive polymer composition and heater made by using the sameInfo
- Publication number
- JPS60262856A JPS60262856A JP12063884A JP12063884A JPS60262856A JP S60262856 A JPS60262856 A JP S60262856A JP 12063884 A JP12063884 A JP 12063884A JP 12063884 A JP12063884 A JP 12063884A JP S60262856 A JPS60262856 A JP S60262856A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- parts
- electrically conductive
- weight
- polymer
- conductive polymer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔発明の目的〕
本発明は、その抵抗値がある特定の温度領域に達すると
、急激に正の温度係数に従って増大する性質を示す導電
性重合体組成物並びにこわを用いた自己温度制御作用を
発揮するヒーターに関するC〔従来技術の問題点〕
従来プラント、寒冷地での凍結防止や移送流体の保温の
だめのヒーターとしてニクロム線や無機絶縁電線(導体
および外部導体の間Oで酸化マグネシウムなどの絶縁性
粉体を充填した構造)が使用されてきたが、これらは電
圧が一定である限り一定の出力を保持しており、エネル
ギーを大石に消費する欠点があった。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Object of the Invention] The present invention provides a conductive polymer composition whose resistance value rapidly increases according to a positive temperature coefficient when it reaches a certain temperature range, and a conductive polymer composition that exhibits stiffness. [Problems with conventional technology] Conventional plants have used nichrome wire or inorganic insulated wire (between the conductor and external conductor) as a heater to prevent freezing in cold regions and to keep the transferred fluid warm. Structures filled with insulating powder such as magnesium oxide) have been used, but these maintain a constant output as long as the voltage is constant, and have the disadvantage of consuming a large amount of energy.
そこで前記欠点を解決するものとして出力が温度によっ
て変化する特性、すなわち自己温度制御作用を有するヒ
ーターが提案されたが、その中でもセラミックや半導体
を使用するものは、高価であるので特殊な用途によって
は使用されているものの一般の用途VCl′i適さない
。捷だ、ポリマー材料をベースとした自己温度制御作用
を有するヒーターは、その抵抗値がある特定の温度領域
に達すると、5激に正の温度係数に従って増大する性質
(以下、PTC特性という)を付与するの(C,導電性
カーボンブラックあるいは金属粉末を添加しているが、
導電性カーボンブラックを添加する方法は、製造条件に
よって抵抗変化を受けやすいという致命的な欠点がある
し、金属粉末を添加する方法は、ポリマの熱劣化を促進
したり、水の浸入によって腐食するなどの難点がある0
さらに好ましいPTC特性を長期間に渡って安定させる
ことが困難であった。Therefore, as a solution to the above-mentioned drawbacks, a heater with a characteristic that the output changes depending on the temperature, that is, a heater with a self-temperature control function has been proposed, but among these, heaters that use ceramics or semiconductors are expensive and cannot be used for special purposes. Although used, it is not suitable for general use VCl'i. A heater with a self-temperature control function based on a polymer material has a property (hereinafter referred to as PTC property) that its resistance increases according to a positive temperature coefficient when it reaches a certain temperature range. (C, conductive carbon black or metal powder is added,
The method of adding conductive carbon black has the fatal disadvantage of being susceptible to resistance changes depending on manufacturing conditions, and the method of adding metal powder accelerates thermal deterioration of the polymer and corrodes due to water intrusion. There are difficulties such as 0
Furthermore, it has been difficult to stabilize preferable PTC characteristics over a long period of time.
本発明は・このような点に鑑み前記欠点を解決し、良好
なPTCIff性を有する導電性重合体組成物並びにこ
れを用いたヒーターを提供せんとするもので、その要旨
は、ポリマーに導電性カーボンブラックおよび特定量の
フィラーを組合せて配合したことにある0
ここで、ポリマーとは一般に広範に使用されている高分
子材料を指すものであり、ポリエチレン、二手レン共重
合体、ポリエステル、フッ素樹脂、フッ素ゴム、アクリ
ルゴム、ポリ塩化ビニル、・・・等を挙けることができ
、これら(は例示でありこれらに限定されず、これらの
ポリマーは単独もしくは2種以上組合せて使用されるC
また導電性カーボンブラックとしては、アセチレンブラ
ックおよびファーネスブラックで表面積が大きいもの5
例えばパルカンXC−72,C,SC(いずれもギヤポ
ット社製品)、ケッチェンブラックEC(アクゾ社製品
)、H8−500(旭カーボン社製品)などがあけられ
る。In view of the above, the present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks and provide a conductive polymer composition having good PTC Iff properties and a heater using the same. The term "polymer" here refers to a polymeric material that is generally widely used, and includes polyethylene, bivalent copolymer, polyester, and fluororesin. , fluororubber, acrylic rubber, polyvinyl chloride, etc., and these are examples and are not limited to these.These polymers may be used alone or in combination of two or more. As conductive carbon black, acetylene black and furnace black with a large surface area5
For example, Palcan XC-72, C, SC (all manufactured by Gearpot), Ketjen Black EC (manufactured by Akzo), H8-500 (manufactured by Asahi Carbon), etc. can be used.
サラニ、フィラーとしては、クレー、タルク、二酸化け
い素、ケイ藻土、軽石粉、雲母粉、二硫化電性カーボン
ブランクの添加量は・ポリマーの種類、導電性カーボン
ブラックの種類によって変動するので一義的にきめるこ
とは困難であるが、これらの点を勘案するとポリマー1
00重量部に灼して3〜50重量部の範囲を用いること
が望ましい。それは、導電性カーボンブラックの表面積
や粒子の形態が影響しストラフチャーが変るためで、e
ll tはアセチレンブラック(表面積70η6)は2
0〜50重量部添加するとPTC%性が得られるし、ケ
ツチッグブラックEC(表面fJ11000う)の場合
には5〜30重量部の範囲で同様の効果が認められ、着
た、同一表面積をもったカーボンブラックでも表面の活
性基や形態のちがいによって添加量が異なるからである
e導電性カーボンブラックの場合、添加量が少なすぎる
と抵抗値が大きすぎて発熱しなくなるC逆に多くなると
抵抗が低くなると同時に、抵抗値の温度依存性がなくな
りPTC特性を示さなくなる。As fillers, the amount of clay, talc, silicon dioxide, diatomaceous earth, pumice powder, mica powder, and disulfide conductive carbon blank is important because it varies depending on the type of polymer and the type of conductive carbon black. Although it is difficult to make a specific decision, taking these points into consideration, Polymer 1
It is desirable to use a range of 3 to 50 parts by weight. This is because the structure changes due to the surface area and particle morphology of the conductive carbon black.
ll t is acetylene black (surface area 70η6) is 2
When adding 0 to 50 parts by weight, PTC% properties can be obtained, and in the case of Ketchig Black EC (surface fJ 11000), a similar effect was observed in the range of 5 to 30 parts by weight. This is because the amount of carbon black added differs depending on the active groups on the surface and the shape. e. In the case of conductive carbon black, if the amount added is too small, the resistance value will be too high and no heat will be generated. On the contrary, if the amount is too large, the resistance will be As soon as the resistance value becomes low, the temperature dependence of the resistance value disappears and PTC characteristics are no longer exhibited.
捷た、フィラーの添加量は、導電性カーボンブラックを
配合したポリマー100重量部に対して0.05〜50
重量部、好渣しくは0.5〜10重量部の範囲で用い
ることが望ましい0そして、本発明で前述のようなフィ
ラーを用いるのは、フィラーは抵抗を小さくする作用は
導電性カーボンブラックに比較して極めて少なく、捷た
、加工条件などの変動による抵抗変化も極めて少なく、
さらに加工条件(寸法等)を安定化させる特徴を有する
0その添加量は、0.05 重量部未満では抵抗安定作
用が充分な効果を発揮できず、逆に50重量部を越える
とポリマーの物性や加工性を著しく(oなうので、前記
範囲とされるC
なお、その他の添加物として必要に応じて酸化防止剤、
防錆剤、安定剤、可塑剤、滑剤、金属不活性化剤(例え
ば銅害防止剤)等を添加してもよい。また、ポリマーは
そのまま使用してもよいし、加熱変形を防止するため、
適当な方法、例えば電子線照射、有機過酸化物や硫黄等
による化学架橋、シランクラフト−水架橋法等で架橋し
たものでもよい。このような組成物は、例えば溶融成型
により所定の形状に、通常2本或いはそ九以上の電極を
配置して成型されてヒーターとして構成されるにのよう
なPTC特性を発現する重合体組成物は、そのitでも
用いられるが、安全上、外層にゴムやプラスチック、例
えばフッ素樹脂の絶縁体やシース、さらに機械的保護を
付与するため金属編組等を用いてもよい。The added amount of the shredded filler is 0.05 to 50 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polymer blended with conductive carbon black.
It is preferable to use the filler in an amount of 0.5 to 10 parts by weight, preferably in the range of 0.5 to 10 parts by weight.The reason why the filler is used in the present invention is that the filler has a resistance reducing effect on the conductive carbon black. There is very little resistance change in comparison, and there is also very little resistance change due to changes in processing conditions, etc.
Furthermore, if the amount added is less than 0.05 parts by weight, the resistance stabilizing effect will not be sufficiently effective, and if it exceeds 50 parts by weight, the physical properties of the polymer will increase. C and processability are significantly reduced (o), so C is within the above range. In addition, as other additives, antioxidants,
Rust inhibitors, stabilizers, plasticizers, lubricants, metal deactivators (for example, copper inhibitors), etc. may be added. In addition, the polymer may be used as is, or in order to prevent heat deformation,
It may be crosslinked by an appropriate method, such as electron beam irradiation, chemical crosslinking with organic peroxide or sulfur, or silane craft water crosslinking method. Such a composition is a polymer composition that exhibits PTC characteristics, such as a heater that is formed into a predetermined shape by melt molding, usually with two or nine or more electrodes arranged therein. is also used in that IT, but for safety reasons, an insulator or sheath made of rubber or plastic, such as fluororesin, may be used as the outer layer, and a metal braid or the like may also be used to provide mechanical protection.
〔実施例〕
実施例 1
低密度ポリエチレン(MI 6)100重量部1’lし
て、アセチレンブラック20重量部、クレー5重量部を
加え、さらに酸化防止剤としてテトラキス−〔メチレン
−(3,5ジターシヤ11ブチル4ヒドロキシハイドロ
シンナメート)〕メタン0.2重量部を加えた〇
この組成物2を40+w+押出機で第1図のような構造
、すなわち2芯平行配置した電極導体1a・1bを共通
被覆した形となるように押出し成形し、さらにその上に
ポリエチレンからなる絶縁層3を押出し成形した後、電
子線を用いて30 Mra d、f照射架橋したに
れに第2因に示すように2本の電極導体1a、1b間に
電源4を接続し100Vの電圧を印加した結果45Cの
発熱温度が得られ、この発熱温度の最高値と最低値の範
囲はioc以内であった01だ、85Cのオーブン中で
100V通電でエイジインクを行った結果100日以上
安定であったC実施例 2
エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体(酢酸ビニル量14%、
MI=15)100重量部に対して、アセチレンブラッ
ク35重量部、タルり10重量部を加え、さらに酸化防
止剤として4.4′−チオビス(6−ターシャリ−m−
クレゾール)を0.2重量部、架橋剤としてジキュミル
・ぐ−オキサイドを25重1部加えたに
の組成物2牛を40m押出機で第1図のような構造の形
、すなわち平行配置した2本の電極導体1a、1bを共
通被覆した形となるように押出成形し、15 ”/7の
水蒸気圧で架橋した0押出温度、押出圧力等の加工条件
を変化させても変動は少なかったC
実施例 3
ポリエチレン(MI=5)100重景承部対して、ケッ
チェンブラックECj 7重責部、クレー5重量部を加
え、酸化防止剤としてボ172,214、トリメチル−
1,2−ジヒドロキシ+1ン1重量部を加えた0
押出機によって第1吹1の形状4(fsした後、電子線
を用い730Mrad で照射架橋した0100■印加
した場合、45Cの一定発熱温度が得られ、加工条件に
よるバラツキも10C以内であった。[Example] Example 1 To 100 parts by weight of low density polyethylene (MI 6), 20 parts by weight of acetylene black and 5 parts by weight of clay were added, and tetrakis-[methylene-(3,5 Ditarsia 11 butyl 4 hydroxyhydrocinnamate)] 0.2 parts by weight of methane was added to this composition 2. Using a 40+w+ extruder, the structure was as shown in Fig. 1, that is, the electrode conductors 1a and 1b having two cores arranged in parallel were used in common. After extrusion molding into a coated form and further extruding an insulating layer 3 made of polyethylene on top of the extrusion molding, the membrane was cross-linked by irradiation of 30 Mra d, f using an electron beam as shown in the second factor. As a result of connecting the power supply 4 between the two electrode conductors 1a and 1b and applying a voltage of 100V, a heat generation temperature of 45C was obtained, and the range of the highest and lowest values of this heat generation temperature was within the IOC of 01. C Example 2 Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (vinyl acetate amount 14%,
To 100 parts by weight of MI=15), 35 parts by weight of acetylene black and 10 parts by weight of tartar were added, and 4.4'-thiobis(6-tertiary-m-
A composition containing 0.2 parts by weight of (cresol) and 1 part by weight of dicumyl oxide as a crosslinking agent was prepared by placing two cows in a 40 m extruder in the structure shown in Figure 1, that is, in parallel arrangement. The electrode conductors 1a and 1b were extruded into a common coated shape and cross-linked at a water vapor pressure of 15''/7.There was little variation even when processing conditions such as extrusion temperature and extrusion pressure were changed.C Example 3 To 100 parts of polyethylene (MI=5), 7 parts of Ketjenblack ECj and 5 parts of clay were added, and as antioxidants Bo-172,214 and trimethyl-
After adding 1 part by weight of 1,2-dihydroxy + 1 N to the first blow 1 shape 4 (fs) using an extruder, it was irradiated and cross-linked using an electron beam at 730 Mrad. was obtained, and the variation due to processing conditions was within 10C.
実施例 4
ポリフッ化ビニリデン100重量部に対して、アセチレ
ンブラック20重量部、シリカ5重量部を加えた。つい
で押出機によって第1図の形状に成形したのち、100
v印加した場合100Cのだ。また、140Cオーブン
中での通電寿命も極めて良好でちった。Example 4 To 100 parts by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride, 20 parts by weight of acetylene black and 5 parts by weight of silica were added. Then, after molding into the shape shown in Figure 1 using an extruder,
When V is applied, it is 100C. In addition, the current life in a 140C oven was extremely good.
比較例 l
実施例1でクレーを添加せず、他は実施例1と同様にし
た0
100V印加した場合45Cの一定発熱温度が得られた
が、寸法変動性が悪く、通電寿命の変化も大きかったC
比較例 2
実施例1でクレーを60重量部加えた他は実施例1と同
様にした0
100V印加した場合45tZ’の発熱温度が得られ寸
法安定性は非常によかったが、通電寿命の変化が大きか
ったC
以上の結果を甘とめると第3図のごとくであるC〔発明
の効果〕
以上の通り本発明の組成物は、PTC特性を有するため
自己温度制御作用を発揮するヒーターとして作動する。Comparative Example 1 A constant exothermic temperature of 45 C was obtained when 0.100 V was applied in Example 1, without adding clay, and the other conditions were the same as in Example 1. However, the dimensional variation was poor and the change in current life was also large. C Comparative Example 2 The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that 60 parts by weight of clay was added in Example 1. When 100V was applied, an exothermic temperature of 45tZ' was obtained and the dimensional stability was very good, but the life of the current was shortened. C The change was large. If the above results are ignored, the result is C as shown in Figure 3. [Effects of the Invention] As described above, the composition of the present invention has PTC characteristics, so it operates as a heater that exhibits a self-temperature control effect. do.
PTC4性を有し、自己温度制御作用を発揮するから、
従来のニクロム線や無機給線電線のヒーターに比較して
エネルギー損失が極めて少なく、電力費を著しく低減で
きる。Because it has PTC4 properties and exhibits a self-temperature control effect,
Compared to conventional heaters using nichrome wires or inorganic feeder wires, energy loss is extremely low, and electricity costs can be significantly reduced.
しかもフィラーの配合により寸法、加工性等の長期安定
性が保持できる0Moreover, the long-term stability of dimensions, workability, etc. can be maintained by adding fillers.
第1図は本発明のヒーターの一実施例を示す断面図、第
2図は第1図のヒーターの発熱特性の試験方法を示す説
明図、第3図は本発明の発熱体の安定性を調べるために
発熱体に電圧をかけた時の温度の経時を変化率で示した
グラフである01a、1b・・・電極導体
3・・・絶縁層
4・・・電源
2・・・PTC特性を示す導電性重合体組成物持f[出
願人 藤倉電線株式会社
第1図
!b
第3図
通常日&r日)Figure 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the heater of the present invention, Figure 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a method for testing the heat generation characteristics of the heater of Figure 1, and Figure 3 is a diagram showing the stability of the heat generating element of the present invention. 01a, 1b are graphs showing the rate of change in temperature over time when a voltage is applied to the heating element in order to investigate... Electrode conductor 3... Insulating layer 4... Power supply 2... PTC characteristics. The conductive polymer composition shown in FIG. b Figure 3 Normal day & r day)
Claims (2)
導電性ポリマー100重量部に対してフィラーを0.0
5〜50重量部添加した正温度係数特性を有する導電性
重合体組成物0(1) Add 0.0 part of filler to 100 parts by weight of a conductive polymer in which conductive carbon black is added to the polymer.
Conductive polymer composition with positive temperature coefficient characteristics added in 5 to 50 parts by weight 0
電性ポリマー100重量部に対してフィラーを0.05
〜50重厚部添加した正温度係数特性を有する導電性重
合体組成物とこれに一体化して設けた電極とからなるヒ
ーターC(2) Add 0.05 parts of filler to 100 parts by weight of a conductive polymer in which conductive carbon black is added to the polymer.
Heater C consisting of a conductive polymer composition having a positive temperature coefficient characteristic to which ~50 heavy parts have been added and an electrode provided integrally therewith.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP12063884A JPS60262856A (en) | 1984-06-11 | 1984-06-11 | Electrically conductive polymer composition and heater made by using the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP12063884A JPS60262856A (en) | 1984-06-11 | 1984-06-11 | Electrically conductive polymer composition and heater made by using the same |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS60262856A true JPS60262856A (en) | 1985-12-26 |
Family
ID=14791170
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP12063884A Pending JPS60262856A (en) | 1984-06-11 | 1984-06-11 | Electrically conductive polymer composition and heater made by using the same |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS60262856A (en) |
Citations (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5219746A (en) * | 1975-08-04 | 1977-02-15 | Raychem Corp | Process for production of articles showing ptc demeanour |
JPS5578406A (en) * | 1978-12-01 | 1980-06-13 | Raychem Corp | Conductive polymer composition and method of producing same as well as utility thereof |
JPS568443A (en) * | 1979-07-03 | 1981-01-28 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | Electrically conductive polymer composition having positive temperature coefficient characteristic and heater employing the same |
JPS56161464A (en) * | 1980-04-21 | 1981-12-11 | Raychem Corp | Filler-containing ptc electroconductive polymer composition |
JPS5710648A (en) * | 1980-05-19 | 1982-01-20 | Raychem Corp | Ptc electroconductive polymer compositions and electric device containing them |
JPS5712061A (en) * | 1980-06-27 | 1982-01-21 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | Polymer composition with ptc characteristics |
JPS5721441A (en) * | 1980-07-14 | 1982-02-04 | Mitsubishi Petrochem Co Ltd | Electrically conductive resin composition |
JPS58108242A (en) * | 1981-12-22 | 1983-06-28 | Mitsubishi Petrochem Co Ltd | Electrically conductive resin composition |
JPS58206646A (en) * | 1982-05-26 | 1983-12-01 | Mitsubishi Petrochem Co Ltd | Electrically-conductive resin composition |
JPS58223209A (en) * | 1982-06-18 | 1983-12-24 | 大日精化工業株式会社 | Conductive resin composition for panel heater |
JPS5996142A (en) * | 1982-11-24 | 1984-06-02 | Mitsubishi Petrochem Co Ltd | Electrically conductive resin composition |
JPS59122524A (en) * | 1982-12-28 | 1984-07-16 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Composition having positive temperature characteristics of resistance |
JPS60124654A (en) * | 1983-12-12 | 1985-07-03 | Mitsubishi Petrochem Co Ltd | Electrically conductive resin composition |
-
1984
- 1984-06-11 JP JP12063884A patent/JPS60262856A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5219746A (en) * | 1975-08-04 | 1977-02-15 | Raychem Corp | Process for production of articles showing ptc demeanour |
JPS5578406A (en) * | 1978-12-01 | 1980-06-13 | Raychem Corp | Conductive polymer composition and method of producing same as well as utility thereof |
JPS568443A (en) * | 1979-07-03 | 1981-01-28 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | Electrically conductive polymer composition having positive temperature coefficient characteristic and heater employing the same |
JPS56161464A (en) * | 1980-04-21 | 1981-12-11 | Raychem Corp | Filler-containing ptc electroconductive polymer composition |
JPS5710648A (en) * | 1980-05-19 | 1982-01-20 | Raychem Corp | Ptc electroconductive polymer compositions and electric device containing them |
JPS5712061A (en) * | 1980-06-27 | 1982-01-21 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | Polymer composition with ptc characteristics |
JPS5721441A (en) * | 1980-07-14 | 1982-02-04 | Mitsubishi Petrochem Co Ltd | Electrically conductive resin composition |
JPS58108242A (en) * | 1981-12-22 | 1983-06-28 | Mitsubishi Petrochem Co Ltd | Electrically conductive resin composition |
JPS58206646A (en) * | 1982-05-26 | 1983-12-01 | Mitsubishi Petrochem Co Ltd | Electrically-conductive resin composition |
JPS58223209A (en) * | 1982-06-18 | 1983-12-24 | 大日精化工業株式会社 | Conductive resin composition for panel heater |
JPS5996142A (en) * | 1982-11-24 | 1984-06-02 | Mitsubishi Petrochem Co Ltd | Electrically conductive resin composition |
JPS59122524A (en) * | 1982-12-28 | 1984-07-16 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Composition having positive temperature characteristics of resistance |
JPS60124654A (en) * | 1983-12-12 | 1985-07-03 | Mitsubishi Petrochem Co Ltd | Electrically conductive resin composition |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US4188276A (en) | Voltage stable positive temperature coefficient of resistance crosslinked compositions | |
US3858144A (en) | Voltage stress-resistant conductive articles | |
US4277673A (en) | Electrically conductive self-regulating article | |
JPS6221235B2 (en) | ||
US5250226A (en) | Electrical devices comprising conductive polymers | |
GB2036754A (en) | Low resistivity ptc compositions | |
JPS5818722B2 (en) | Self-regulating electrical article and method of manufacturing the same | |
JPH0819174A (en) | Protective circuit with ptc device | |
JPS592693B2 (en) | Conductive polymer composition having positive temperature coefficient characteristics and heater using the same | |
US4367168A (en) | Electrically conductive composition, process for making an article using same | |
US5057673A (en) | Self-current-limiting devices and method of making same | |
KR101940066B1 (en) | Heating unit and manufacturing method thereof | |
US4954695A (en) | Self-limiting conductive extrudates and methods therefor | |
JPS60262856A (en) | Electrically conductive polymer composition and heater made by using the same | |
KR102526902B1 (en) | Positive temperature coefficient self-regulating having high thermal resistance and flexibility heating cable manufacturing method | |
JPS59226493A (en) | Self-temperature controllable heater | |
KR950013664B1 (en) | Heat stabilization developed ptc high-polymer heat element | |
JPH03143938A (en) | Conductive resin composition and use thereof | |
JP2531277B2 (en) | Self temperature control heater | |
JPH01231284A (en) | Heating unit | |
JPS63279589A (en) | Self-temperature controllable heater | |
JPH09245520A (en) | Composition for semiconductive layer of power cable | |
JPS62278782A (en) | Temperature self-control type heater | |
JPS58164187A (en) | Self-temperature controllable heater | |
JPS58212090A (en) | Self-temperature controllable heater |