JPS6023532A - Slewing control mechanism for excavator - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent the collision of an excavating mechanism on the other apparatus by a method in which a position detector to detect the height of the excavating mechanism is provided to the upside of a slewing base, and when the excavating mechanism is below a given height, the turning of the slewing base and the working base is stopped. CONSTITUTION:A slewing base 14 capable of turning horizontally is provided to the upside of a movable vehicular body, and a working base 20 is provided rotatably at a turning center biased from the turning center of the slewing base 14 is provided to the upside of the slewing base 14. An excavating mechanism is attached to the working base 20. The slewing base 14 and the working base 20 are each turned in opposite directions in such a way as to enable the excavating mechanism on the working base 20 to pass through above the slewing base 14. Position detectors 48 and 49 to detect the height of the excavating mechanism are provided to the upside of the slewing base 14. When the excavating mechanism is above a given height during the period when the working base 20 is turned, the position is detected and the turning of the slewing base 14 and the working base 20 is stopped.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention is used to excavate roads, etc., and is used to reduce the turning range of the excavator during excavation and prevent other operations from being carried out.
Regarding excavators that can prevent vehicles from blocking the progress of the vehicle by occupying the road, especially when the excavating mechanism is located below a predetermined height while turning, damaging other equipment on the swivel platform. The present invention relates to a swing control mechanism for an excavator that can prevent the rotation of the excavator.

Excavation work using a conventional excavator will be explained with reference to FIG. 1. FIG. 1 shows the excavator 1 digging a trench along one lane of a road. In the diagram shown in Figure 2, excavation work is being carried out on only one of two lanes, and the excavator 1 occupies the width of one lane and moves its arm 2 up and down to move the shovel 3 at the tip of the arm 2. The grooves 4 are formed by digging into the road surface. In this case, the earth and sand excavated by the packet 3 must be placed on the loading platform of the truck 5 waiting behind the excavator 1 by rotating the arm 2, and the trenches 4 are to be dug one after another. Yoshi groove 4
In order to prevent the excavator 1 from falling, the excavator 1 must be moved backward (in the direction of arrow 2). In such excavation work, arm 2 and packet 3 must be rotated in order to transfer the excavated earth and sand, but since the center of rotation is point X, which is the center of excavator 1, arm 2 and packet 3 must be rotated. The turning radius of No. 3 is within the range indicated by Y in the figure, and the operating range extends to other lanes where excavation is not performed. For this reason, in conventional excavation work, the progress of vehicles in normal lanes where trenches 4 are not dug is completely stopped, or the progress of vehicles is temporarily stopped only when the arm 2 turns, thereby preventing accidents. I was preventing it from happening.

However, this conventional method completely or temporarily stops the operation of other lanes that have not been excavated, which stagnates the flow of vehicles, which is not favorable from both the operational economics and the road occupancy perspective. . For this purpose, a swivel table that can rotate slightly horizontally is provided on the vehicle body, and a work table is installed on this swivel table so that it can rotate freely with a rotation center offset from the center of rotation of the swivel table. A new excavator has been proposed in which the rotating direction of the swivel table and the work table are opposite to each other, and the swivel range is extremely narrowed by passing the excavation mechanism through the swivel table (for example, , Patent Application No. 128468 of 1982, etc.).

However, with this newly proposed excavator, the excavation mechanism passes over the swivel table and rotates, so if the excavation mechanism is below a predetermined height, the packets, etc. at the lowest height of the excavator will be removed from the swivel table. There have been cases in which accidents have occurred, such as contact with equipment such as engine covers and oil tanks, resulting in damage or deformation of these equipment. For this reason, workers had to pay attention to the height position of the excavation mechanism when turning, resulting in poor work efficiency.

In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks, the present invention provides a height detection means on the swivel table, and forcibly stops the swivel operation of the swivel table and work platform if the excavation mechanism is below a predetermined height when turning. The present invention provides a swing control mechanism for an excavator that can prevent these accidents from occurring.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of this embodiment, FIG. 3 is a side view, FIG. 4 is a front view, and FIG. 5 is a plan view. This excavator is self-propelled, and has wheels 11 pivoted on the four corners of the lower surface of the flat car body 1o, and caterpillars ( endless track) 12 is the winding.

An annular support plate 13 is fixed to the center of the upper surface of the vehicle body 10, and a deformed rectangular swivel table 14 is pivotably supported on the support plate 13 so as to be horizontally rotatable. The swivel base 14 has a planar shape with each vertex of an equilateral triangle cut out, and the engine 15. fuel tank 1
65 Hydraulic oil tank 17 is mounted, fixed and reeded, swivel base 1
A hydraulic motor 18 is fixed at a position near the fuel tank 16 from the center of the upper surface of the fuel tank 4 with its drive shaft facing downward. A ring-shaped holding plate 19 is placed on the upper part of the front side of the swivel table 14 (right side in Figs. 3 and 5), and is fixed to the center axis of the above-mentioned support plate 13 and this holding plate. The central axis of 19 is offset in the horizontal direction and is positioned parallel to it. On this holding plate 19 is a circular work table 2o.
is rotatably supported on the holding plate 19, and a support 21 is fixed vertically on the workbench 20.
Connectors 22 are fixedly attached to the connector 1 at intervals above and below the connector 1. A proximal body 26 is connected between the connectors 22,
A dogleg-shaped pool 27 is swingably connected to the proximal body 26, and an arm 28 is swingably connected to the tip of the pool 27. The packets 29 are swingably connected. Hydraulic cylinders 30, 31, and 32 are interposed between the base end body 26 and the center of the pool 27, between the center of the pool 27 and the end of the arm 28, and between the arm 28 and the packet 290, respectively. This pool 27. Arm 28. An excavation mechanism 47 is composed of the packet 29 and the like. Further, a passenger platform 23 made of a steel plate bent into an L-shape is fixed to one side of the base end body 26, and a seat 24 and a control rod 25 are fixed to the passenger platform 23. A detection mechanism 48 is attached to the surface of the holding plate 19 on the side surface of the fuel tank 16, and a detection mechanism 49 is attached to the surface of the holding plate 19 on the side surface of the hydraulic oil tank 17.

Next, FIG. 6 shows the turning mechanism in this embodiment in detail, and corresponds to the sectional view taken along the line A--A in FIG. On the above-mentioned support plate 13 is a circular driving gear 33 which has approximately the same outer diameter as the support plate 13 and has a tooth profile cut on its inner periphery.
A ring-shaped slider 35 is rotatably fitted to the outer periphery of the drive gear 33 via a bearing 34.
4 is fixed, and the swivel base 14 can rotate around this driving gear 33. Then, the hydraulic motor 1
A pinion 37 is rotatably attached to the output shaft 36 of No. 8, and the pinion 37 meshes with the internal tooth surface of the drive gear 33. Further, an L-shaped shaft support piece 38 is fixedly attached to the lower surface of the swivel base 14 on the inner circumferential side of the drive gear 33. Bearings 39 and 40 are attached to the shaft support piece 38 and the swivel base 14, respectively. The intermediate shaft 41 is supported by both bearings 39 and 40.
penetrate through the upper and lower surfaces of the swivel base 14. This intermediate shaft 41
A pinion 42 is firmly fixed between the shaft support piece 38 and the swivel base 14, and the pinion 42 meshes with the inner peripheral tooth surface of the drive gear 33. Moreover, this holding plate 1 is placed on the holding plate 19.
A shaft support 43 is fixed to the inner circumference of the shaft support 43, and the outer diameter is approximately the same as the inner diameter of the shaft support 43. A driven gear 45 having a tooth profile cut thereon is positioned, and a bearing 44 is interposed between the shaft support 43 and the driven gear 45. The workbench 20 described above is mounted and fixed on the upper surface of the driven gear 45, and the workbench 20 can rotate about the central axis of the shaft support 43 as its rotation center. Further, a pinion 46 is fixed to the upper end of the intermediate shaft 41, and this pinion 46 meshes with the inner peripheral tooth surface of the driven gear 45. In addition, FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view of the rotating member of this turning mechanism, and FIG. 8 is a plan view showing the positional relationship of the rotating member same as above.

Next, FIG. 9 shows in detail the detection mechanism 48 (the detection mechanism 49 has the same structure, so only one side is shown). Pieces 51 and 52 protrude, and both ends of a U-shaped operating lever 53 are swingably connected to both support pieces 51 and 52 by pins 54 and 55, respectively.

The operating lever 53 is formed by bending a round pipe into a U-shape, and its upper side is set at a slightly higher position than the top surface of the hydraulic oil tank 17, and the operating lever 53 is set at a position slightly higher than the upper surface of the hydraulic oil tank 17. A round biasing pipe 56 is installed.

A spring 57 is interposed between the side wall of the hydraulic oil tank 17 and the biasing pipe 56, and the spring 57 always biases the hydraulic oil tank 17 in a direction away from the side wall, so that the operating lever 53 is always in operation. The table is slightly inclined in the direction of the table 2o. Further, a limit switch 58 is fixed to the side wall of the hydraulic oil tank 17, and a pushing part of this limit switch 58 is opposed to one side of the operating lever 53, and the operating lever 53 is connected to a spring 57.
It is in the position where it turns on when it swings in the opposite direction.

Further, FIG. 10 is a hydraulic control circuit diagram in this embodiment, and this diagram only shows the control system of the hydraulic motor 18. The rotation output of the engine 61 is transmitted to the hydraulic pump 62, the discharge output of the hydraulic pump 62 is transmitted to the control pulp 63, and the suction side of the hydraulic pump 62 is connected to the hydraulic oil tank 17.
It is connected to Switching valves 64 and 65 are connected to the exit sides of the control valves 63, respectively, and the switching valves 64 are connected to the hydraulic motor 18 via a balance pulp 66 and a check valve 73.
A hydraulic motor 18 is connected to the switching valve 65 via a balance pulp 67 and a check valve 74. A counterbalance pulp 68 is formed by this pair of balance pulps 66 and 67. Relief pulps 69 and 70 are connected in parallel to the hydraulic motor 18 in opposite directions, and check valves 71 and 72 are connected in parallel to the switching pulps 64 and 65, respectively. The switching valves 64 and 65 are operated by electromagnetic solenoids and have two types of operation: ON and ON, and are normally in communication.The switching valve 64 is operated by the limit switch 58, and the switching pulp 65 is activated by limit switch 59.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be explained.

The operation of moving the packet 29 up and down to excavate the road and the ground is a conventionally known operation, and the operator sitting on the seat 24 operates the control rod 25 to control each hydraulic cylinder 30, 31, 32. Let them move and exercise and do it. The excavated earth and sand are lifted horizontally as shown in FIG. 3, the lower surface of the packet 29 is slightly higher than the upper surface of the equipment on the swivel table 14, and in this state the packet 29 is rotated to the rear of the vehicle body 10. It can be transferred to a truck, etc.

Turning the packet 29 means turning the excavating mechanism 47, and the turning of the excavating mechanism 47 is effected by the turning table 14 and the work table 200 rotations.

First, in the hydraulic system, when the engine 61 is operating, the hydraulic pump 62 is driven to suck the operation of the hydraulic oil tank 17 and output it to the control pulp 63. This control pulp 63 has three types of blocks, and the A block can be manually switched to forward rotation, the B block to stop, and the C block to reverse rotation.B block, which is stopped, is always located. In this state, the hydraulic pressure discharged from the hydraulic pump 62 passes through the control pulp 63 and returns to the hydraulic oil tank 17, and the hydraulic motor 8 does not rotate at all.

Here, when the control pulp 63 is switched to the A block, the hydraulic oil discharged by the hydraulic pump 62 is transferred to the switching pulp 64° and the check valve 7.
3 and is transmitted to the hydraulic motor 18.
The hydraulic oil that has passed through 8 is sent to a balance pulp 67, a switching pulp 65. It passes through the control pulp 63 and returns to the hydraulic oil tank 17, and the hydraulic motor 18 is operated. When hydraulic oil is supplied to the hydraulic motor 18 in this way, the output 11136 rotates,
The pinion 37 rolls on the internal tooth surface of the drive gear 33, causing the slider 35 to rotate along the outer periphery of the drive gear 33. As a result, the swivel base 14 fixed to the slider 35 rotates about the central axis of the drive gear 33. When the swivel base 14 rotates, an intermediate shaft 41 is attached to the swivel base 14.
Since the pinion 42 is pivoted, the drive gear 33
The pinion 42. is rolled along the inner tooth surface of the pinion 42. The intermediate shaft 41 and the connected pinion 46 are rotated in proportion to the amount of rotation of the swivel base 14. This binion 4
6 is driven and rotated, the driven gear 45 meshed with the υ pinion 46 is rotated, and the driven gear 45 rotates along the inner circumference of the shaft support 43 in a direction opposite to the rotating direction of the swivel base 14. It will rotate. Therefore, the workbench 20 and the excavation mechanism 47 fixed to the driven gear 45 also rotate in the opposite direction to the swivel table 14, and the boom 27. Arm 2
8. The packet 29 is located above from the base end body 26 of the swivel base 14 to the rear of the engine 15, and is attached to the side of the vehicle body 10. If it is directed toward the rear of the vehicle body 10 without protruding. The excavation mechanism 47 receives the rotation movement of the swivel table 14 on the vehicle body 10 and the rotation movement of the work table 20 on the swivel table 14 in the opposite direction, and thus rotates doubly. When the mechanism 47 rotates from the front to the rear of the vehicle body 1, it always passes above the swivel base 14 and rotates, and rotates within the minimum range so as not to protrude the excavation mechanism 47 to the side of the vehicle body 10. can be done.

When the excavation mechanism 47 rotates, if the lower surface of the packet 29 at the lowest position is located above the upper surfaces of the engine 15, fuel tank 16, and hydraulic oil tank 17, the packet 2
9 did not collide with these devices, but the worker did not lift the arm 2B of the poom 27 sufficiently and rotated it at a position lower than the bottom surface of the packet 29 and the top surface of the hydraulic oil tank 17. In this case, the packet 29 contacts the actuating lever 53 provided on the side of the hydraulic oil tank 17, and the actuating lever 53 moves against the compressive force of the spring 57 to move the bottle 54.5.
The operating lever 53 swings around the hydraulic oil tank 17.
, and finally presses the limit switch 58. When this limit switch 58 is pressed, the switching pulp 64 is switched, hydraulic oil no longer flows to the hydraulic motor 18, the swivel base 14 and the work platform 20 are not driven, and the excavation mechanism 47 is moved to the hydraulic oil tank 17. The vehicle stops just before colliding with the vehicle. Since this hydraulic motor 18 will no longer rotate in the forward rotation direction, when the control pulp 63 is switched to the C block and hydraulic oil is supplied to the switching pulp 65, the hydraulic oil flowing out from the hydraulic motor 18 will be prevented from returning. The information is transmitted to the control pulp 63 through the valve 71, and the hydraulic motor 18 is not reversed, and the excavation mechanism 4'7, which was in contact with the operating lever 53,
is released, the limit switch 58 is opened, and the switching pulp 64 returns to the balance pulp 6-6 and control pulp 63.
is at a right angle, and rotation in the forward direction is possible. Therefore,
Workers are in the pool 27. Arm 28 is bent in the same way as packet 29
By raising the position to a higher position, the hydraulic motor 18 can rotate normally, and the excavation mechanism 47
It is possible to pass over the engine 15° fuel tank 162 and hydraulic oil tank 17 located on the vehicle body 10 and turn to the rear of the vehicle body 10. Furthermore, when the packet 29 is at a low position and the excavation mechanism 47 rotates in the opposite direction, the limit switch 59 of the detection mechanism 48 provided on the side of the fuel tank 16 is pressed, and the hydraulic motor 18 is similarly rotated in the opposite direction. rotation can be stopped.

Since the present invention is configured as described above, the packet of the excavator can be made eccentric as much as possible and turned from the front to the rear.
Because the packet does not protrude from the side of the vehicle,
The road can be used efficiently without interfering with the operation of other lanes and without having the road occupied by excavation work.

Further, even if the width of the road is approximately the same as the width of the vehicle body, the packet etc. will not protrude from the vehicle body, so work can be carried out even under narrow usage conditions. In addition, even if the excavation mechanism is rotated when it is at a low height, the detection mechanism detects the height of the excavation mechanism and automatically stops the rotation operation, so the excavation mechanism does not move to the swivel base. Collision with other equipment above can be prevented, and failures such as damage and deformation can be prevented.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing conventional excavation work, Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 3 is a side view of the same as above, Fig. 4 is a front view of same as above, Fig. 5 is a plan view of the same as above, FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along arrow A-A in FIG. 5 showing the turning mechanism in detail, FIG. FIG. 9 is an enlarged partial perspective view of the detection mechanism, and FIG. 10 is a hydraulic circuit diagram showing the connection of the hydraulic system. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10... Vehicle body, 14... Turning table, 20... Work platform, 47... Excavation mechanism, 48.49... Detection mechanism. Patent Applicant Hikoma Seisakusho Co., Ltd. Representative Patent Attorney Tsuneaki Hibi Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 7 Figure 8 71I:I

Claims (1)

[Claims] A swivel table that can rotate slightly horizontally is provided above the movable vehicle body, and a work table is provided on the top surface of the swivel table so as to be rotatable with a rotation center offset from the center of rotation of the swivel table.The work table is equipped with an excavation mechanism. In an excavator in which the excavation mechanism is passed above the swivel table by fixing the swivel table and rotating the swivel table in the opposite direction to the rotation direction of the work table, there is a position on the swivel table where the height of the excavation mechanism is detected. A detection means is provided, and the drive mechanism for rotating the turning table and the work platform is controlled by the position detection means,
A swing control mechanism for an excavator, characterized in that when the excavation mechanism is located below a predetermined height while the work platform is rotating, the position is detected and the swing operation of the swing platform and the work platform is stopped.