JPS60226788A - Dc commutatorless motor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To smoothly switch to conduction of a stator winding without using a capacitor by energizing the winding on the basis of a trapezoidal signal having a gradient depending upon an oblique waveform generated by a slope generator. CONSTITUTION:A position detection signal from a Hall IC6 is distributed by a distributor 100, and fed through a sequence circuit 200 to a drive signal generator 300. A slope generator 500 generates a sawtooth wave synchronized with the output signal of a generator winding 7 and a delay pulse to the generator 300. The generator 300 forms 3-phase winding drive signal on the basis of a rotary position detection signal supplied from the circuit 200, a sawtooth wave supplied from the generator 500 and a delay pulse to a drive circuit 700.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] Industrial Application Field The present invention relates to a relatively small-capacity non-commutator motor used in DC power supplies, and is particularly applicable to recording and reproducing devices such as video tape recorders and air-cooling fan motors. The present invention provides a DC commutatorless motor suitable for use as a motor.

Conventional configurations and their problems In recent years, DC non-commutator motors have come into widespread use in many audio equipment, video tape recorders, and even floppy disk drives. Even the motor uses a DC non-commutator motor.

Conventionally, a two-phase or three-phase half-wave drive system or a full-wave drive system has been the mainstream for this type of DC non-commutator motor.

Each drive system has its advantages and disadvantages; for example, a three-phase drive system requires fewer drive power elements than a two-phase drive system, but on the other hand, it requires fewer position detection elements to detect the rotational position of the rotor. are required.

By the way, if you compare the two-phase full-wave drive type with a single power supply, eight power transistors and two Hall elements are required, and the three-phase full-wave drive type requires six. A power transistor and three Hall elements are required.

Conventionally, many attempts have been made to reduce the number of position detection elements in three-phase drive force systems, and a representative technique is the one described in U.S. Patent No. 3,577.053 (hereinafter referred to as
It is called Document 1. ) is disclosed.

The above-mentioned document 1 describes that in a three-phase half-wave drive type non-commutator motor, first, second, and third lights having different light reflectances are mounted on the rotor.
An identification band having the following components is provided, a light beam is irradiated onto the identification band, and the reflected light is detected by a light receiving element, whereby a change in the rotational position of the rotor is recognized as a three-step change in the output level of the light receiving element. , an apparatus is shown configured to energize phase windings depending on their level.

Furthermore, if the light beam is incidentally irradiated onto the boundary between the first and third components when the rotor is started, the output level of the light receiving element will take an intermediate value, so it will appear as if the light beam is in the second configuration. The detection circuit operates as if it had detected the element part,
This will lead to the generation of reverse torque and rotor vibration, but it is explained that in order to prevent this, it is sufficient to configure the output of the light receiving element and the force level discrimination circuit section with a Schmitt circuit.

The same thing applies to patent application publication No. 46317 of 1982.
Publication No. (hereinafter referred to as Document 2), and in Document 2, instead of the Schmitt circuit, the third
A drive circuit device is shown that is provided with a memory circuit for storing detection of a component part of.

In both Documents 1 and 2, three-phase half-wave drive is possible using a unique position detection element and an identification band for position detection, but phase winding is possible without using any special position detection element. A method of sequentially switching the energization state of the wires has also been proposed and put into practical use. (For example, CX20114, a 3-phase commutatorless motor drive IC manufactured by Sony ■) Patent Application Publication No. 33953 of 1980 (hereinafter referred to as Document 3) describes a self-propelled 3-phase multivibrator. The energization state to each phase winding is switched by the output signal of A drive circuit arrangement configured to switch the energization state to is shown.

By the way, in the devices shown in Documents 1 and 2.3, since a logic circuit is used to process the position detection signal, the current to each phase winding is abruptly switched, and as a result, each phase winding is This has the disadvantage that it becomes a kind of "voice coil" and generates noise, and electrical noise and semiconductor damage due to surge pulses occur.

Conventionally, in order to solve these problems, a capacitor was connected in parallel to each phase winding, or a low-pass filter was actively connected to each phase winding as proposed in Utility Model Application Publication No. 28479 of 1981. Attempts were made to insert the wire into the current-carrying path.

However, these methods require a plurality of relatively large capacitors, which not only increases the number of parts that make up the device, but also increases the capacity of the device. The purpose of this invention is to realize a DC non-commutator motor that can smoothly switch energization to multiple stator windings with the minimum necessary capacitor capacity or without using any capacitors.

Structure of the Invention The DC non-commutator motor of the present invention includes a plurality of stator windings,
a rotor including a permanent magnet having a plurality of magnetic poles facing the stator winding; and a power generation element disposed on the stator at a position facing the rotor, the number of which is an integral multiple of the number of magnetic poles of the permanent magnet. a power generating body having: a driving means for supplying current to the stator winding; an amplifier that amplifies the output signal of the power generating body; and a slope generation circuit that generates a slope waveform at a period synchronized with the output signal of the amplifier. and a drive signal generation circuit that supplies, to the drive means, a plurality of trapezoidal wave signals whose output slopes depend on the slope of the slope waveform based on the output signal of the slope generation circuit, and in particular, the slope generation circuit. Since the stator windings are energized based on a trapezoidal wave signal having a slope dependent on the slope waveform generated by can be done.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a motor configured to carry out the present invention, in which three-phase stator windings 1, 2, .
3 are star-connected to each other, and a permanent magnet 4 mounted on a rotor (not shown) is placed opposite the stator windings 1 to 3.

The main part of the permanent magnet 4 is occupied by a main magnetic pole magnetized into eight poles, and the inner peripheral part thereof includes a first component part magnetized with an N pole (indicated by the N symbol in the figure). ) the unmagnetized second component part (indicated by the Z symbol in the figure), and the third component part which is S-pole magnetized (indicated by the S symbol in the figure). ) has annular identification bands 5 arranged alternately in the circumferential direction.

Also, a Hall IC (an integrated circuit in which a Hall power generator and other circuits are co-located on a chip, generally a Hall IC
It is called C or Hall switch. ) 6 are placed.

On the other hand, a zigzag-shaped power generation winding 7 having 24 power generation element portions that is diffracted in the radial direction is disposed facing the inner circumferential side of the main magnetic pole of the permanent magnet 4. is a non-magnetized portion for generating an alternating current signal of 12 cycles per rotation of the rotor in the power generation winding 7 (even if it is not non-magnetized, it is magnetized so that the magnetic flux density suddenly decreases, Alternatively, depressions may be provided at eight locations.

Further, the lead wires of the stator winding 12.3 are respectively connected to a first power supply terminal U1, a second power supply terminal V1, and a third power supply terminal W, and the center point of the star-shaped wire connection is connected to the terminal X. There is.

The Hall IC 6 has a positive power supply terminal 6as, a negative power supply terminal 6b1, and an output terminal 6c, and the lead wires of the power generation winding 7 are connected to output terminals 7a and 7b.

Now, FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a DC non-commutator motor according to an embodiment of the present invention, and in FIG. This is what I did.

That is, in the motor block 10, the midpoint terminal
A current limiting resistor 8 is connected between the positive power supply terminal 6a of the Hall IC 6 and the negative power supply terminal 6b of the Hall IC 6, and one output terminal 7b of the power generation winding 7 is commonly connected to the ground terminal G. The output terminal 6c of the Hall IC 6 is connected to the position detection terminal P, and the other output terminal 7a of the power generation winding 7 is connected to the rotation detection terminal F.

A position detection signal whose level changes in three stages depending on the rotational position of the motor is outputted to the position detection terminal P by a processing circuit to be described later, and this position detection signal is divided into three signals by a distributor 100. Line 100nS100s,
100z, and further processed by the sequential circuit 200 and sent to the drive signal generation circuit 300.

On the other hand, the signals appearing at the rotation detection terminal F and the ground terminal G are amplified to a sufficient amplitude by an amplifier 400 and then supplied to a slope generation circuit 500, and are also sent to the A terminal as a speed detection signal for the rotation servo of the motor. The signals supplied and appearing on the signal lines 100n and 100S are extracted once per rotation of the motor by an extraction circuit 600, and are also supplied to the B terminal as a position detection signal for the rotation servo of the motor.

Although the present invention does not refer to the motor rotation servo system, here, the error is sent to the drive signal generation circuit 300 via the E terminal based on the speed information and position information obtained from the A terminal and B terminal. The voltage shall be returned.

Now, in the slope generation circuit 500, the power generation winding 7
A sawtooth wave and a delay pulse are generated in synchronization with the output signal of and supplied to the drive signal generation circuit 300, respectively.

Furthermore, the drive signal generation circuit 300 generates a three-phase winding drive signal based on the rotational position detection signal supplied from the sequential circuit 200 and the sawtooth wave and delay pulse supplied from the slope generation circuit 500. is generated and sent to the drive circuit 700.

The drive circuit 700 amplifies the current of the winding drive signal, and then energizes the three-phase stator windings 1 to 3 via the U terminal, the ■ terminal, and the W terminal.

Note that the J terminal is a terminal to which a command signal for stopping and rotating the motor is supplied, and this command signal is supplied to the sequential circuit 200 and the drive circuit 700, but in the embodiment, the J terminal is at the IL+ level. The structure is such that when the voltage is at the IHI level (low potential), the stator winding is not energized, and when the IHI level is high (the high potential), the stator winding is energized.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the three-level output signal of the Hall IC 6 is connected to three signal lines 1oOn, 100s,
The distributor 100 that distributes a binary signal to z can be easily realized by two comparators having different threshold voltages, and the amplifier 400 is also a simple AC amplifier, so a description of its internal configuration will be omitted here. However, the operations of other circuit blocks will be briefly explained while showing examples of actual circuit configurations.

First, FIG. 3 is a circuit wiring diagram showing a specific example of the configuration of the Hall IC 6, which includes a constant voltage circuit section 61 using a well-known bandgap reference voltage source, etc., and a circuit connection diagram formed on a silicon substrate. It consists of a Hall power generator 62 and other signal processing circuit parts.

The Hall power generator 62 of FIG. 3 is connected to the identification band 5 shown in FIG.
The potential of one output terminal 62a of the Hall power generator 62 rises when the Hall power generator 62 is facing the N-pole magnetized part.
The potential of the other output terminal 62b decreases.

Therefore, the collector potential of transistor 63 decreases,
Since the collector potential of the transistor 64 increases, most of the current flowing into the constant current transistor 65 becomes the collector current of the transistor 66.

In the circuit shown in FIG. 3, the resistance ratio between the resistor 67 connected to the emitter side of the constant current transistor 65 and the resistor 69 connected to the emitter side of the constant current transistor 68 is set to 3:4. Therefore, if the collector current of the constant current transistor 65 is 4·Io, the collector current of the constant current transistor 68 is approximately 3·Io.

Further, a resistor 71 connected to the emitter side of the power receiving transistor 70 constituting the positive side current mirror circuit,
The resistance values of the resistors 74 and 75 connected to the emitter side of the constant current transistors 72 and 73 are set to be equal, and the resistance value of the resistor 77 connected to the emitter side of the constant current transistor 1 stuff 6 is set to be equal to the resistance value of the resistor 71. Therefore, the collector currents of the constant current transistors 72 and 73 are approximately 3·Io at their maximum value,
The collector current of the constant current transistor 76 is approximately Io
becomes.

Therefore, 4 of the collector current of the transistor 66 is
3/3 is supplied from the constant current transistor 73, and only the remaining 1/4 is supplied to the first collector 7 of the transistor 78.
8a.

At this time, a current of Io is supplied from the second collector 78b of the transistor 78 to the load resistor 79 connected to the output terminal 6c, and the constant current transistor 7
From 6 to I.

Since the current is supplied, the resistance value of the resistor 79 is set to Ro
When this happens, a potential of 2.Ro appears at the output terminal 6c.

On the other hand, when the Hall power generator 62 faces the S-pole magnetized portion of the identification band 5, most of the current flowing into the constant current transistor 65 flows through the transistor 8.
The collector current becomes 0, and a current Io flows through the first collector 81a and the second collector 81b of the transistor 81, respectively, and the current of the second collector 81b is supplied to the current mirror circuit constituted by the transistor 82 and the transistor 83. be done.

Therefore, at this time, the constant current transistor 76
Most or all of the collector current flows into the collector of the transistor 83, and the potential of the output terminal 6c becomes zero.

On the other hand, when the Hall power generator 62 faces the non-magnetized portion of the identification band 5, the transistor 66.8o
Since the collector currents of the transistors 66.8 and 78 are almost balanced, all of the collector current of the transistor 66.8° is supplied from the constant current transistor 72.73 and the collector current of the transistor 78
．． 81 becomes zero, only the collector current of the constant current transistor 76 is supplied to the load resistor 79, and the potential of the output terminal 6c becomes lo-Ro.

In this way, the output voltage of the Hall IC 6 changes in three stages depending on the position of the Hall power generator 62 facing the identification band 5.

FIG. 4 shows the relative positional relationship of the discrimination band on the main magnetic pole of the non-commutator motor configured as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and the change in the position detection signal obtained from the pole IC 6. The relative rotation angle between the identification band 5 provided on the rotor and the Hall IC 6 placed on the stator is 4th.
When the mechanical angle or electrical angle changes as shown in the figure, the output voltage of the Hall IC 6 changes as shown in FIG. 4a) correspondingly.

Next, FIG. 5 shows an example of a flowchart when the sequential circuit 200 shown in FIG. 2 is realized by software such as a microcomputer.
At 01, it is determined whether the signal line 100n in FIG. Move the process, but if not, branch 20
3, it is determined whether the Hall IC 6 is facing the S-pole magnetized portion of the identification band 5, and if yes, the process moves to processing block 204; if not, processing moves to processing block 205. Processing is transferred to .

In the processing block 202, only one of the three systems of signals supplied to the drive signal generation circuit 300 in FIG. 2, which corresponds to the N-pole portion, is activated. This corresponds to activating only one of the output ports.

When the processing in processing block 202 is completed, processing moves to branch 206 where processing in branch 203 is completed.
Similarly, it is determined whether or not the signal line 100s in FIG. 2 is in the active state. If yes, the process moves to the processing block 204, but if not, the determination by the branch 206 is executed again.

In the processing block 204, only one of the three systems of signals supplied to the drive signal generation circuit 300, which corresponds to the S pole portion, is activated, and when this processing is completed, the processing moves to branch 207.

In the branch 207, the signal line 100 of FIG.
It is determined whether or not z is in the active state, and if yes, the process moves to the processing block 205, but if not, the determination by the branch 207 is executed again.

In the processing block 205, of the three systems of signals supplied to the drive signal generation circuit 300, only one corresponding to the non-magnetized portion is activated, and when this processing is completed, the processing moves to branch 208.

In the branch 208, similarly to the branch 20"l, it is determined whether the signal line 100s in FIG. The determination by branch 208 is performed again.

In this way, immediately after the start, the branch 201
A) The signal line 100 is connected by the branch 203.
n.

The output corresponding to the signal line in the active state among 100s and 100Z is supplied to the drive signal generation circuit 300, but after that, the output is supplied to the processing block 202 and the branch 20.
6. The signal line 100n enters a loop formed by the processing block 204, the branch 207, the processing block 205, and the branch 208.
, 100s, and 100z, the state of the output supplied to the drive signal generation circuit 300 changes only when the signal lines become active in the order of .

That is, the sequential circuit shown in FIG. 5 has three output sections that are connected to each other in a ring shape and send drive command signals to the drive signal generation circuit 300, that is, the processing blocks 202, 204, and 205. and the signal line 10
0n, 100s.

10oz, the sequential circuit changes the output state of the output section only when a pre-sequenced signal line becomes active, and furthermore, the branch 20
1.203, and when the rotor of the motor is started, the output state of the sequential circuit is transmitted to the signal line 100n1.
It also includes an initialization circuit that depends on the output state of the distributor 100 to 100s and 100z.

Now, FIG. 6 shows an example of a hardware configuration of the sequential circuit 200 of FIG. 2, and its basic operation is the same as the flowchart of FIG. 5.

In FIG. 6, each first input terminal 211a
.

212a and the NAND gate (positive logic NAND gate) 211 and 212 whose output terminals are cross-coupled (cross-coupled) connected to each other;
A first logic block 210 configured by a NAND gate 213 connected to the second input terminal 211b of the D gate 211, and a NAND gate 22122 having the same configuration.
A unit is constituted by a second logic block 220 based on 2.223 and a third logic block 230 based on a NAND gate 231232.233 having the same configuration,
The output of the NAND gate 232 is supplied to the second input terminal 212b of the NAND gate 212 and the first input terminal 213a of the NAND gate 213.
The second input terminal 222b of the ND gate 222 and the NA
The first input terminal 223a of the ND gate 223 has the NA
The output of the ND gate 212 is supplied, and the output of the NAND gate 222 is supplied to the second input terminal 232b of the NAND gate 232 and the first input terminal 233a of the NAND gate 233, forming a sequential circuit. .

Further, the second input terminals 213b, 223b, and 233b of the NAND gates 213, 223, and 233 are connected to the signal lines 100s, 100n, and lO in FIG. 2, respectively.
Input terminal s1 connected to Oz, connected to nLzl,
Output terminals s2, n2, and z2 for supplying drive command signals to the drive signal generation circuit 300 in FIG.
It is connected to the output terminal of AND gate 211.221.231.

Furthermore, the third input terminals 212c1222c and 232c of the NAND gates 212.222.232 are all initialization signal input terminals jl connected to the J terminal in FIG.
It is connected to the.

Now, an outline of the operation of the sequential circuit shown in FIG. 6 will be explained based on the output waveform of the position detection signal shown in FIG. 4.

First, as already explained, the signal waveform in FIG. 4 a) shows the output signal of the Hall IC 6 in FIG. 2, and the signal waveform in FIG. The signal line 100 is connected by the distributor 100 based on the output signal of
This is a signal waveform appearing on each signal line after being distributed to n, 100s, and 100z.

In the following description of the operation of the logic circuit, positive logic will be used and each signal line will be in an active state when it is at a high potential.

Also, the high potential state is expressed as H', and the low potential state is expressed as L.
Expressed with '.

Now, when the motor rotation is stopped or immediately after the power is turned on, the level of the initialization signal input terminal H in Fig. 6 is "
L', NAND gate 212.222.2
Since the output level of n2.32 is forcibly held at H', the output level of output terminal n2. s2. The level of z2 is connected to the input terminal n1. s
1. It becomes equal to the level of z 1.

Now suppose that the Hall IC 6 in Fig. 2 has an electrical angle of 0 in Fig. 4.
If the output terminal z is opposite to the position of
2 becomes H', and the output terminal n2. The level of s2 becomes "L", and this state continues even after the level of the initialization signal input terminal j1 shifts to iH+, the rotor of the motor starts rotating, and the Hall IC 6 moves to the identification band 5. When facing the N-pole magnetized part of the input terminal Z1
The level of the input terminal n1 shifts to "L'", and the level of the input terminal n1 shifts to "H".

When the level of the input terminal n1 shifts to "H", the output level of the t-NAND gate 223, which had previously been at H', changes to "L".
', NAND gate 221 and NAND gate 2
By inverting the output state of the gate pair by 22, the NA
The output level of the ND gate 221 becomes tH+, and the output level of the NAND gate 222 becomes lLl.

The output level of the NAND gate 222 shifts to "L". Therefore, the NAND gate 231 and the NAND gate 2
32 is inverted, and as a result, the level of the output terminal 02 shifts to H" and becomes active, and the level of the output terminal Z2 shifts to l L + and becomes active together with the output terminal S2. Becomes inactive.

When the rotor further rotates and the Hall IC 6 reaches the electrical angle position l of 180° in FIG. 4, the level of the input terminal zl shifts to H' again as shown in FIG. 4d). At this point, the output level of the NAND gate 222 has shifted to "L", so no change occurs in the third logic block 230, and the output terminal n2.s2.
The output state of z2 also remains unchanged.

Subsequently, when the level of the input terminal sl shifts to lHl, the output level of the NAND gate 213 shifts to "L" because the output level of the NAND gate 232 has been set to 'H' before that, and the NAND gate 213 shifts to 'L'. 211 and NA
The output state of the gate pair by the ND gate 212 is inverted, the level of the output terminal s2 shifts to lHl, and the level of the output terminal n2 shifts to "L".

After all, the sequential circuit shown in FIG. 6 has a function of reflecting the input to the output only when the input terminals become active according to the pre-ordered order.

In this way, the input terminals n l, s l, z in FIG.
When a position detection signal as shown in FIG. 4b), c), and d) is supplied to output terminal 2. s2. Drive command signals as shown in e), f), and g) in Fig. 4 are output to z2.

As is clear from FIG. 4, by using a sequential circuit as shown in FIG. 5 or FIG.
It is also possible to store Haku's information.

For example, the area around the electrical angle of 540° in the identification band in Figure 4 is magnetized in a pattern different from other parts, but while the motor rotor is rotating, this unique pattern remains in the output state of the sequential circuit. Since it has no effect, it can be actively used for other purposes as described below.

By the way, when the signal waveform of FIG. 4C) is compared with the signal waveform of FIG. 4F), it is found that they are exactly the same.

If the use of the sequential circuit is limited to the magnetized identification band as shown in FIG. 4, the detection signal supplied to the input terminal sl in FIG. 6 will be directly output as the output terminal S2. This means that there is no problem in transmitting the information to

FIG. 7 shows a simplified sequential circuit taking these matters into consideration. In Figure 7, the NA of Figure 6
An inverter 214 is used instead of the ND gate 213, and an inverter 234 is used instead of the gate pair of NAND gates 231 and 232, but their operation is almost the same as that of the sequential circuit shown in FIG. Explanation will be omitted.

Next, FIG. 8 shows a specific circuit configuration example of the slope generating circuit 500 shown in FIG.
The output signal of the amplifier 400 in the figure is supplied to the amplifier 501.
The output is amplified until it becomes a square wave.

At the leading edge of the output signal of the amplifier 501, a first trigger pulse generation circuit constituted by NAND gates 502, 503, and 504 generates a trigger pulse, and at the trailing edge, an inverter 5 generates a trigger pulse.
05. A second trigger pulse generation circuit formed by NAND gates 506, 507, and 508 generates a trigger pulse.

On the other hand, NAND gates 509, 510 . Inverter 51
1° transistor 512, 513, 514, 515, 5
16,517, diode 518. Resistance 519, 520
,521,522.523,524. capacitor 52°
Reference numeral 5 constitutes a monostable multivibrator, and the output signals of the first and second trigger pulse generating circuits serve as trigger signals for this monostable multivibrator.

Further, the charge/discharge signal waveform of the capacitor 525 is supplied to the first output terminal gl, and the output signal of the monostable multivibrator is supplied to the second output terminal h1 via the inverter 526.

Therefore, when the input terminal f1 is supplied with the signal waveform shown in FIG. 9d), the output terminal g1. The signal waveforms appearing at hl are as shown in FIG. 9 e) and f), respectively.

Note that the signal waveforms in FIGS. 9a), b), and c) are input to the input terminal n of the drive signal generation circuit 300, which will be explained next. s
3. It shows the drive command signal supplied to Z3.

Now, before going into a specific explanation of the drive signal generation circuit 300 shown in FIG. 2, the operation of switching the energization state to the stator winding of the DC non-commutator motor shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 will be explained. do.

As is clear from FIGS. 1 and 2, in the DC commutatorless motor described above in the embodiment of the present invention, the rotor's stationary position detection means is a circle having three types of components. Since it is only provided with an annular identification band 5 and only one hole lc6, only three types of identification are possible depending on the resting position of the rotor.

However, as is well known, if three-phase full-wave drive is to be adopted, six types of position detection information are required depending on the stationary position of the rotor.

In the DC non-commutator motor shown in Figure 2, current is supplied to all three-phase stator windings 1, 2, and 3 based on the output signal of Hall LC6 until the motor rotational speed increases to a certain extent. This prevents the starting torque from decreasing by causing an extra current to flow, and after the rotational speed of the motor increases and a sufficient signal is obtained from the power generation winding 7, the output signal of the power generation winding 7 and the hall The drive signal generation circuit 300 is configured to generate an energization switching signal for three-phase full-wave drive based on the output signal of the IC 6.

The principle of switching the drive mode will be explained using FIG. 1O.

Figure 1O a) shows the permanent magnet 4 in the motor structure of Figure 1.
Each stator winding 1 when the main magnetic pole of is sinusoidally magnetized
, 2.3 shows the torque characteristics generated when current is applied, and the counterclockwise rotational torque is taken as the positive direction.

In Fig. 10a), the characteristic curve ua represents the torque generated when a current is passed through the stator winding 1 of Fig. 1 from the U terminal to the X terminal, and the characteristic curve ub represents the stator winding 1 shown in Fig. 1. It represents the torque generated when a current is passed through line 1 from the X terminal toward the U terminal.

Further, the characteristic curve νa represents the torque generated when the stator winding 2 in FIG. 1 is energized from the V terminal to the
It represents the torque generated when electricity is applied from the terminal in the direction of the ν terminal.

Furthermore, the characteristic curve wa represents the torque generated when the stator winding 3 in FIG. It represents the torque generated when current is applied in the direction from the W terminal.

On the other hand, Figure 1C) shows the torque generated in the positive direction when any two phases of the star-connected three-phase stator windings are energized. As is well known, in a three-phase full-wave drive motor, the envelope of these curves is the actual output torque waveform.

That is, in FIG. 10C), the characteristic curve wv is the first
The characteristic curve Uν represents the torque generated when current flows from the W terminal to the V terminal in the figure, and the characteristic curve Uν represents the torque generated when current flows from the U terminal to the V terminal. represents the torque generated when electricity is applied from the U terminal to the W terminal, and the characteristic curve W represents the torque generated when electricity is applied from the V terminal to the W terminal. The curve νU represents the torque generated when current is applied from the ■ terminal toward the U terminal, and the characteristic curve wu represents the torque generated when current is applied from the W terminal toward the U terminal.

Assuming that the maximum torque generated by each stator winding is 1, in three-phase full-wave drive, the energization to the square stator windings is switched every 60 degrees electrical angle, so the maximum torque after combining Tma++Minimum torque Tm+++Average torque Ta
ν is given by the following equation. (Note that here, each torque is expressed as a simple index without a unit.

) 3 FIG. 10 d) shows the output signal waveform of the Hall IC 6 already explained, and FIG. 10 e) shows the output signal waveform of the amplifier circuit 501 used inside the slope generation circuit 500. However, when the rotor of the motor is stopped, only the output signal of the Hall IC 6 can be used as position detection information.

In order to start the motor using only three types of position detection information, a three-phase half-wave drive may be used, but in that case, the star-connected stator windings shown in Figure 2. A power switching element is required to directly connect the X terminal, which is a point, to the power supply line on the plus or minus side.

In the embodiment of the present invention, such inconvenience is solved by the method described below.

That is, in correspondence with the three-stage level change of the output signal of the Hall IC 6, the section where the output signal is at a high potential is set as a first energizing section, the section where the output signal is at a low potential is set as a second energizing section, and an intermediate potential. A certain section is defined as the third energized section, and the
In the energizing section, electricity is passed from the U terminal to the V terminal and the W terminal in FIG. 2, and in the second energizing section, electricity is passed from the V terminal to the W terminal and the U terminal, and In the energizing section No. 3, electricity is supplied from the W terminal to the U terminal and the V terminal.

At this time, the composite torque characteristics of the three-phase stator windings 1, 2.3 are as shown in Figure 10b), where the characteristic curve uc represents the torque generated by energization in the first section, and the characteristic curve VC represents the torque generated by energization in the second section, and the characteristic curve we represents the torque generated by energization in the third section.

Therefore, the output torque of the motor when the energization is switched at ideal timing is equal to the envelope of the characteristic curve shown in Figure 10b), and the main winding among the three-phase stator windings is A current equal to the sum of the two-phase stator winding currents flows.As is clear from comparing equations (3) and (6), the same current flows during startup as during three-phase full-wave drive. Average torque can be obtained, and starting current can also be saved compared to the case where an extra power switching element is added and three-phase half-wave drive is performed.

By the way, assuming that the resistance value per phase of each stator winding is the same in either drive method, the starting current in three-phase half-wave drive is twice that in three-phase full-wave drive, but this will be explained here. With this driving method, the starting current increases by only about 33%.

In the drive signal generation circuit 300 shown in FIG. 2, the drive mode is switched by utilizing the fact that the error voltage from the servo system applied to the E terminal reaches its maximum when the motor is started.

FIG. 11 is a circuit wiring diagram showing a specific example of the configuration of the drive signal generation circuit 300, and the input terminal E is a terminal to which an error voltage is supplied from the outside, and is the same as the E terminal in FIG. It is.

Input terminal f3. g2. h2 are the output terminals f2.h2 of the slope generation circuit 500 shown in FIG. g1. The signal waveforms shown in FIG. 9 d), e) and f) are supplied to the input terminals n3. s3. Position detection signals shown in FIG. 9 a), b), and c) are supplied to z3, respectively.

An overview of the operation will be explained based on the signal waveform diagram in Figure 9.
When the motor starts, the maximum voltage is supplied to the E terminal, and the transistors 301, 302, 303, 304
．． A comparator constituted by constant current transistor 305 operates to turn on transistor 306.

When the transistor 306 is on, the transistors 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312
, 313, 314, and 315 is not supplied with power, and therefore, the second current mirror circuit formed by transistors 31θ and 317 is also cut off, and transistors 31
8,319,320,321,322,323,324
, 325, 326 is also cut off.

On the other hand, since one end of the resistor 327 is connected to the positive feed line 300a by the transistor 306,
Transistors 328, 329, 330, 331, 332
, 333 are all in a waiting state for power supply, and are turned on by the flow of the Hass current.

Assuming that the level of the input terminal n3 is H' and the levels of the input terminals S3 and Z3 are L', the transistors 334, 335, and 336 are turned on, and as a result, the transistors 328, 329, and 332 are turned on. It is turned on and current can be supplied from the output terminals upl, wnl, and vnl.

Further, if the level of the input terminal s3 is iH+ and the level of the input terminals Z3 and n3 is L', the transistors 337, 338, 339 are turned on, and the current supply from the output terminal νρLwnLunl is turned on. becomes possible, and when the level of the input terminal Z3 is lH+, the level of the input terminal u3. If the level of v3 is L', transistors 340, 341, and 342 are turned on, allowing current to be supplied from the f1 output terminals wpl, uni, and vnl.

FIG. 12 is a circuit wiring diagram showing a specific example of the configuration of the drive circuit 700 in FIG. 2, in which input terminals un2 and vn2
, wn2 , up2 +vp2. wp2 are output terminals un1.wp2 of the drive signal generation circuit 300 shown in FIG. Connected to vnl, wnl, upl, vpl, wpl.

Therefore, when the level of the initialization signal input terminal J2 connected to the J terminal in FIG.
When current is supplied from the terminals υn2 and wn2, the transistors 701, 702, and 703 become conductive, and the output terminal U.

The stator winding l, which is star-connected to v and W as shown in Fig. 2,
2.degree.3 is connected, current is supplied from the U terminal to the V terminal and W terminal.

Similarly, when current is supplied from the vp2 terminal, wn2 terminal, and un2 terminal, the transistors 704 and 7
05 and the transistor 703 become conductive, current is supplied from the V terminal to the W terminal and the U terminal, and when current is supplied from the wp2 terminal, un2 terminal, and νn2 terminal, the transistor 706 and the transistor 702 , 705 are brought into conduction, and current is supplied from the W terminal to the U and V terminals. In this way, the motor starts rotating, as is clear from the output torque characteristics shown in Figure 10 b), but when the rotational speed of the motor increases to a certain extent and the potential of the E terminal in Figure 11 decreases. The transistor 306 turns off, and the collector current of the transistor 345, which constitutes a differential amplifier circuit together with the transistor 343 and the constant current transistor 344, starts to flow between the collector and emitter of the transistor 308, and the transistors 309 to 309 3
15 are activated, and current is also supplied to the transistor 316 constituting the second current mirror circuit via the transistor 309. Note that the output currents of the transistors 309 to 315 vary depending on the potential of the error voltage supplied to the E terminal.

By the way, D flip-flop (delayed flip 7)
0 Tsubu) 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 3
51. AND-OR gate (AND means the AND of positive logic, OR means the OR of positive logic.>352,
The waveform processing circuit constituted by 353 and 354 has the position detection signals shown in FIG. 9 a), b), and c), and
A rotation detection signal shown in FIG. 9D is supplied, and a signal shown in FIG.

Therefore, the D flip-flops 346, 348.3
The signal waveforms shown in FIG. 9 g>, h) and i) appear at the output terminal of the D flip-flop 3
The output terminals of 47, 349, 351 are shown in Figure 9 j>, k
), the signal waveform shown in l) appears.

During the period when the output of the D flip-flop 346 is at the H level, the transistor 356 is in an off state, and the D flip-flop 346 is in an off state.
While the output of the flip-flop 347 is at the high level, the transistor 357 is in an off state.

Similarly, the D flip-flops 348, 349, 35
The transistors 35B, 359, 360, and 361 are in an off state during each period when the output of 0°351 is at the lHl level.

On the other hand, the slope current generating transistor 362 is supplied with a signal waveform shown in FIG. In addition, since the configuration is such that a current that depends on the output current of the transistor 309 flows into the transistor 317, the collector current of the transistor 362 depends on the collector current of the transistor 345 that constitutes the differential amplifier circuit. It has a peak value and its slope is the 9th
This results in a sawtooth wave equal to the slope of the signal waveform in Figure e).

The collector current of the transistor 362 is supplied to a third current mirror circuit constituted by the transistors 318 to 326, and the collector current of the transistor 320
The same current flows through transistors 365, 366.36
7.368, 369.370, 371, 372 is supplied to the fourth current mirror circuit.

Note that by setting the output current of the constant current transistor 364 and the resistance value of the resistor 363 to appropriate values, or by adjusting the resistance value of the emitter side resistor of each current mirror circuit, the first current mirror Maximum output current of transistors 310 to 315 forming the circuit and transistors 321 to 32 forming the third current mirror circuit
The maximum output currents of transistors 367 to 372 constituting the fourth current mirror circuit can be made equal, and the magnitude of these maximum output currents is determined by the error supplied to the E terminal. Depends on voltage.

Now, when the output of the D flip-flop 350 and the output of the D flip-flop 351 are both at the "H" level, that is, in the section PI of FIG. 9, the output of the AND gate 373 is at the "H" level, so the transistor 3
74 is turned off, and a sawtooth wave current is supplied to the output terminal wnl via the transistor 322.

Subsequently, the output level of the D flip-flop 346 becomes H.
', the transistor 356 is turned off, and current is now supplied to the output terminal via the transistor 311, but the output of the D flip-flop 346 and the output of the D flip-flop 347 are both ''. When the level reaches H level, that is, in section P2 of FIG. 9, the output of the AND gate 375 becomes r H+ level, so the transistor 376 is turned on and a sawtooth wave current flows through the collector of the transistor 368.

Therefore, the current supplied to the output terminal wnl gradually decreases, and eventually the current waveform supplied to the output terminal wnl becomes as shown in FIG. 9m).

Regarding the current waveforms supplied to other output terminals, the AN
D gates 373, 37.5 and other AND gates 377.
Similar operations are performed by 378°379.380, and as a result, the output terminals uni, vnl,
The current waveforms supplied to VDI I W+) 11 upl are as shown in FIG. 9 n), o), p), g), and r).

Note that the waveforms indicated by broken lines in FIGS. 9m) to 9r) are current waveforms when the rotational speed of the motor increases and the potential of the E terminal decreases.

The six types of current signals generated in the drive signal generation circuit of FIG. 11 in this way are supplied to the drive circuit of FIG.
6, the stator windings 1, 2.3 are energized.

By the way, assuming that the transistor 701 in FIG. 12 is made as a collection of many small signal transistors on the TC substrate, and the transistor 707 is assigned to one of them, the transistor 701 and the transistor 707 form a current mirror circuit. The collector current of the transistor 707 is one-half of the collector current of the transistor 701.

When the resistance value of the resistor 708 is zero, the value of K becomes equal to the emitter area ratio of the transistor 701 and the transistor 707. However, as the resistance value of the resistor 708 increases, the drop in K also increases. The current is influenced by the collector current of the transistor 707.

That is, the emitter junction area of the transistor 701 is SX, the emitter junction area lx, and the transistor 70
The emitter junction area of 708 is Sy, the emitter current is Iy, the resistance value of the resistor 708 is Re, and the electron charge is q.
, Boltzmann's constant is k.

When the absolute temperature of the junction is T, the following relational expression holds true.

The collector current of the transistor 701 is limited so that the voltage across the resistor 7090 is ultimately equal to the voltage across the input resistor 710.

Therefore, the input current is 11+the transistor 701
The collector current of 121 is the resistance value of the resistor 710 is R5
, when the resistance value of the resistor 709 is R2, the current amplification factor Gl in this part is given by the following equation.

The above explanation has led to the fact that the current amplification factor of the power supply block with the transistor 701 as the output section is almost constant (in other words, it is not affected by variations in the DC current amplification factor of each transistor). The five power feeding blocks are also configured based on the same operating principle and therefore operate in the same manner.

Now, since the level of the initialization signal input terminal j2 in FIG. 12 is "L" when the motor is stopped or immediately before starting, the transistor 711 is in the on state, and the transistors 712, 713, 714 , 715, 716, and 717, and the current mirror circuit formed by transistors 718, 719, 720, and 721.722 are both in a cutoff state.
Transistors 701, 702, 703, 704, 705
is not supplied with base current.

However, only transistor 706 has transistor 7.
Since the base current is supplied through 23, the transistor 706 is turned on.

However, since all of the transistors 702, 703, and 705 are in the off state, the stator winding 1 in FIG.
, 2.degree. 3, no current that generates rotational force flows through them, and the current necessary for detecting the stationary position of the rotor is supplied to the Hall IC 6 via the current limiting resistor 8.

However, the stator windings 1 to 3 are immediately energized in the energization mode based on the position detection information at the time of stop, and the Hall IC 6 continues to be supplied with the current necessary for detecting the rotational position.

Note that even if the power supply to the Hall IC 6 is temporarily cut off when the motor is started due to the influence of the inductance of the stator windings 1 to 3, the position detection signal is processed by a logic circuit using a flip-flop (for example, as shown in Fig. 6). Since the signal is supplied to the drive signal generation circuit via the circuit shown in FIG. 1, the previous information is retained.

Next, FIG. 13 is a circuit connection diagram showing a specific configuration example of the extraction circuit 600 of FIG. 2, in which input terminals n4. s4
are connected to the signal line 10 (In, 100s) shown in FIG. 2, respectively, and the position detection signals shown in FIG. 14a) and b) are supplied.

The signal supplied to the input terminal S4 is connected to the NAND gate 6.
01 and NAND gate 602, NAND gate 603 and NAND gate 60
The signal supplied to the input terminal 4 is used as a reset signal for the second flip-flop formed by NAND gate 4 and the third flip-flop formed by NAND gate 605 and NAND gate 606. It is used as an output update signal of a flip-flop.

Therefore, in the configuration of FIG. 13, an output signal appears at the output terminal B when the level of the n4 terminal changes three times while the level of the input terminal s4 is "L".

Figure 14 c), d), and e) are respectively N in Figure 13.
This shows the output signal waveforms of the AND gates 601, 603, and 605. In this way, an absolute position detection signal is obtained from the output terminal B once per rotation of the rotor.

Now, returning to FIG. 2, the outline of the operations explained so far can be summarized as follows.

First, when the rotor is stopped, the U terminal,
■Of the terminals and the W terminal, only the W terminal is at a high potential, and the Hall IC 6 is passed through the stator winding 3 and the current limiting resistor 8.
A current is supplied to detect the resting position of the rotor, and the Hall IC 6 generates an output of a high potential, an intermediate potential, or a low potential depending on the resting position.

In this embodiment, in order to minimize the number of connecting wires between the motor block lO and other circuit blocks, power is supplied to the Hall IC 6 from the midpoint of the three-phase stator winding, and the output is converted into three values. However, even if the Hall IC is supplied with power from a separately provided power supply tower and the number of output terminals is increased to two or three, this will not deviate from the purpose of the present invention. do not have.

Depending on the output level of the Hall IC 6, one of the signal lines 100n, 100s, and 100z is activated by the distributor 100, and this position detection information is supplied to the drive signal generation circuit 300 via the sequential circuit 200. However, until the rotor starts rotating, the sequential circuit 2
00 acts as a simple buffer.

Based on the position detection information supplied to the drive signal generation circuit 300, the drive signal generation circuit 300 and the drive circuit 70
0, any one of the U, ■, and W terminals is set to the ``H level'', and the rest are set to the ``L level'' to generate rotational torque in the rotor.

At this time, it is assumed that the Hall IC 6 had accidentally stopped at a position where the electrical rotation angle is 60° in Figure 1O, that is, at the boundary between the N and S poles of the identification band 5, or at a position where the electrical rotation angle is 390°. Then, in either case, the hole lc6 generates the same output as when facing the non-magnetized portion of the identification band 5, and the stator windings 1 to 3 are energized based on that information. As can be seen from characteristic surface #I in Figure 1O b), the rotor generates rotational torque in the opposite direction.

However, regular position detection information is obtained by moving the rotor by a very small amount, and thereafter, the order in which position detection signals are received is regulated by the sequential circuit 200, so that smooth rotation can be maintained.

When the rotational speed of the rotor increases to a certain level, the potential at the E terminal in FIG. The rotary torque characteristics of the child are as shown in the envelope of the characteristic curve shown in FIG. 10C).

Now, in the DC non-commutator motor of the present invention, the energization to the stator windings 1 to 3 is gently switched using the sawtooth wave generated by the slope generation circuit 500, a specific example of which is shown in FIG. Because of this configuration, it is possible to prevent each of the stator windings and the stator frame from behaving like a speaker and generating noise during rotation due to sudden switching of energization. It is also possible to prevent electrical noise caused by spike pulses in the child windings and damage to ICs or other semiconductors caused by surge voltages.

Maki, only the capacitor 525 is needed as an individual component to perform gradual energization switching. 10Ω or more, and as a result, a large time constant can be obtained even with a small-capacitance capacitor. If the circuit is constructed using the following, the input impedance will be very large, so a large time constant can be obtained by simply forming a capacitor of several PF within the IC chip. If it is configured by a combination of the above, it is possible to eliminate the need for a capacitor as an individual component.

FIG. 15 is a circuit wiring diagram showing another configuration example of the slope generating circuit 500, and the same elements as in FIG. 1 are indicated by the same figure numbers or symbols.

A clock signal is supplied from the outside to the input terminal CI in FIG. 15 (for example, in video recorders and floppy disk drives, various locks are used within the system, so an appropriate lock can be selected). ), toggle flip prop 527, 528,
A 4-bit up counter configured by 529.530 counts this clock signal.

On the other hand, resistors 531, 532, 533, 534. Diodes 535, 536, 537, 538, 518. resistance 53
Reference numeral 9 constitutes a simple digital-to-analog converter, and the potential at the output terminal g1 rises in a stepwise manner as the count value of the counter increases.

When the outputs of the toggle flip props 527 to 530 all become lH+, the NAND gate 540
The flip-flop by AND gate 509 and NAND gate 510 is reset, so that inverter 5
11 through the toggle flip-flops 527-53
Since the reset signal is supplied to 0, the counting operation is stopped and the toggle flip-flops 527 to 53
All outputs of 0 become L'.

When the leading edge or trailing edge of the output signal of the amplifier 501 arrives, the flip-flop is set and the counting operation of the counter is restarted.

In this way, the NAND gate 540 and the NAND gates 5 (1, 9, 510, inverter 511, NAND gates 502 to 6 to 4), inverter 505, and NAND gates 506 to 508 constitute a controller that controls the counting operation of the counter. are doing.

Note that the output terminal g1. Figure 9 e) in hl,
Needless to say, the signal waveform shown in f) appears.

Incidentally, the slope generation circuits shown in FIGS. 8 and 15 both generate sawtooth waves with a period synchronized with the output signal from the power generation winding 7, but ultimately the slope of these sawtooth waves Since the part is used;
The output signal of the slope generation circuit 500 shown in the figure does not necessarily have to be a sawtooth wave, but may be a triangular wave or a trapezoidal wave having a similar slope portion.

Effects of the Invention As is clear from the above description, the DC non-commutator motor of the present invention has a plurality of stator windings (in the embodiment, three-phase stator windings 1 to 3). Although a commutator motor is shown, the number of phases is not limited. ), a rotor comprising a permanent magnet 4 having a plurality of magnetic poles facing the stator winding, and a rotor disposed on the stator at a position facing the rotor, the rotor being an integer multiple of the number of magnetic poles of the permanent magnet. A power generating body having a power generating element of The power generation output signal can be divided and used, and the power generation body is not limited to the power generation winding; by using a light emitting element and a shutter disk together, a light receiving element such as a phototransistor can be used as a power generation body. It can also be used as ), a driving means for supplying current to the stator winding (in the embodiment, the driving means is constituted by a driving circuit 700);
an amplifier 400 that amplifies the output signal of the power generator; a slope generation circuit 500 that generates a slope waveform with a period synchronized with the output signal of the amplifier; and an output signal based on the output signal of the amplifier and the output signal of the slope generation circuit. The signal waveforms shown in the plurality of trapezoidal wave signals (FIG. 9 m) to r) whose output slopes depend on the slopes of the slope waveforms are trapezoidal wave signals. ) to the driving means, and the slope generating circuit gently switches energization to each stator winding with the least number of capacitors and only small capacitors. It can be made to do so with great effect.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a motor section configured to carry out the present invention, Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a DC non-commutator motor according to an embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 3 is an internal circuit of a Hall IC. A wiring diagram, Fig. 4 is a signal waveform diagram corresponding to the magnetization pattern of the identification band to explain the processing operation of the position detection signal, Fig. 5 is a flowchart when realizing a sequential circuit with software, and Fig. 6 7 is a circuit connection diagram showing an example of the configuration of a sequential circuit, FIG. 8 is a circuit connection diagram showing an example of the configuration of a slope generation circuit, and FIG. 9 is a signal waveform diagram for explaining the processing operation of a position detection signal. , FIG. 10 is a torque characteristic diagram for explaining the torque characteristics of the motor and energization switching,
FIG. 11 is a circuit connection diagram showing a specific example of the drive signal generation circuit, FIG. 12 is a circuit connection diagram showing a specific example of the drive circuit, and FIG.
3 is a circuit connection diagram showing an example of the configuration of the extraction circuit, FIG. 14 is a signal waveform diagram of each part of the circuit of FIG. 13, and FIG. 15 is a circuit connection diagram showing another example of the configuration of the slope generation circuit. 1. 2.3... Stator winding, 4...
Permanent magnet, 7...Generating winding, 300...
・Drive signal generation circuit, 400...Amplifier, 50
0...Slope generation circuit, 700...
drive circuit. Name of agent: Patent attorney Toshio Nakao and 1 other person 1st
Figure x Figure 2 AJ f3 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 8 VeC Figure 9 tY) -= -'' -1 Figure 13 Figure 14 te) Figure 15

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) a rotor including a plurality of stator windings and a permanent magnet having a plurality of magnetic poles facing the stator windings; a power generating body having a power generation element having an integral multiple of the number of magnetic poles of a permanent magnet; a driving means for supplying current to the stator winding; an amplifier for amplifying an output signal of the power generating body; and a power generating body synchronized with the output signal of the amplifier. a slope generation circuit that generates a slope waveform at a cycle of the slope generation circuit; and a drive signal generation circuit that supplies the driving means with a plurality of trapezoidal wave signals whose output slopes are dependent on the slope of the slope waveform based on the output signal of the slope generation circuit. A DC commutatorless motor. (2) A counter for counting clock signals supplied from the outside, and a digital-to-analog converter for converting the output of the counter into an analog signal, and the counting operation of the counter is started at a predetermined edge of the output signal from the generator. 2. The DC non-commutator motor according to claim 1, wherein the slope generating circuit is constituted by a controller that stops the counting operation when the count value reaches a predetermined value.