JPS6021904A - Fiber generating extremely fine fibrils - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide the titled fiber suitable for producing ultrafine fibers of <=0.01 denier, and composed of plural ultrafine fiber groups bonded together with a binder component to form a fiber, wherein each ultrafine fiber group contains >=50 ultrafine fibers. CONSTITUTION:More than 50 ultrafine fiber components 1 having the form of continuous filament and a fineness of <=0.01 denier collected, arranged and bonded together with the binder component 2 to form an ultrafine fiber group. The objective fiber is manufactured by collecting plural ultrafine fiber groups and bonding together with a binder component 3. A bundle of ultrafine fibers can be produced by dissolving and removing the components 2, 3 with a solvent, and the obtained bundle has high tensile strength bacause the ultrafine fibers are hardly slipped out from the bundle.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention contains 50 or more continuous ultrafine fibers,
The present invention also relates to an ultra-microfiber generation type fiber having a structure in which a group of ultra-microfibers is contained in a plurality of groups. It is well known that polymer interlayer array fibers, generally referred to as sea-island fibers, are extremely useful, and that many new products using them are now on the market.

The present invention relates to a polymer mutual array fiber which is a type of such multi-component fiber, and in particular a fiber in which a component (microfiber component) distributed in other components (binding component) has a special structure. It is related to.

As a known fiber, there is a polymer interlayer fiber in which the island component is a polymer blend, as described in 1% Japanese Publication No. 1987-57648.

In one fiber described here, the island component made of the polymer blend is continuous in the fiber axis direction, but among the polymer blend components that make up this island component, there are very fine particles in the island component. The island blend component is not continuous in the fiber axis direction, but is dispersed in other components (sea blend component) as extremely short single fibers. Furthermore, the island blend component is characterized in that the fibers are finally partially completely removed and the remaining sea blend component is used as hollow microfibers. The spinning properties of polymer mutual array fibers in which the island component is a polymer blend are not unstable, whereas the spinning properties of so-called mixed spun fibers, which are spun by blending two or more polymers, are not unstable. Satisfactory spinning stability cannot be obtained because of the i.e. 1
Depending on the combination of thick and thin polymers, the polymer discharged from the nozzle can take on the shape of a raindrop. fc, in the island component blend polymer array fiber, if the island blend component is left and the other components are removed, the form as a fiber bundle cannot be maintained because the island blend component is a fine single fiber. It turns into a powder.

As another known fiber, an island-in-the-sea type multicomponent fiber described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 125718/1984 is known. This fiber has an island component formed by a composite flow in which one component flow is divided into a plurality of flows and merged with another component flow B. However, the number of divisions of component flow A here is up to ten. Even if you try to divide the fiber into more than that and flow it in combination with other component streams, the divided streams will merge together and you will not be able to obtain a fiber with a large number of island components with the number of divisions exceeding 10. be.

Therefore, the fineness of one ultrafine fiber of the divided island component did not reach 0.01 tenier, and it was impossible to obtain a finer fiber than that.

In view of the drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide fibers with a form suitable for obtaining ultrafine fibers.
Also. Other objects are to obtain fiber bundles with high tensile strength without fiber shedding, and to obtain fibers that have excellent spinning stability and are easily fibrillated.

Such an object of the present invention is to (1) contain at least 50 ultrafine fibers having a substantially continuous filament shape and having a diameter of 0.01 denier or less;
This array gathers and is bonded with another component (bonding component 1) to form a group of ultra-fine fibers. This is achieved by the ultra-fine fiber generation type fiber, which is characterized in that the fibers are bonded together to form one fiber as a whole.

The ultrafine fibers contained in the fibers of the present invention are as follows.

The fibers are substantially continuous in the length direction. If the ultra-fine fiber is discontinuous and cut short in the length direction,
When the binding components are removed, the ultra-fine fibers fall apart into powder. Even if this does not happen and a bundle of ultra-fine fibers is obtained, when the bundle is pulled, the fibers will slip through before they are cut, resulting in a weak fiber bundle with low tensile strength. I can't do it. In addition, if the ultra-fine fiber is discontinuous in the length direction, the spinning stability is poor as mentioned earlier, and when the spun fiber is drawn, it is not drawn uniformly, and only fibers with large thickness unevenness are obtained. There isn't.

In addition, the average fineness of the ultrafine fiber in the present invention is 0.01
Small denier, preferably o, o
o, i denier or less. If it exceeds 0.01 denier, the fibers will have high rigidity and cannot be made into a super flexible fiber bundle.

The ultrafine fiber group according to the present invention is composed of at least 50 ultrafine fibers.

In other words, the fiber of the present invention has a structure in which an extremely large number of continuous ultra-fine fibers are further included in the ultra-fine fibers contained in the conventional fiber-generating fibers such as polymer array fibers. It is a new fiber with The number of fibers in the ultra-fine fiber group.

If the number is less than 50, it becomes difficult to make the fibers ultra-fine.

The fiber of the present invention has a structure in which a large number of ultra-fine fibers are combined with other components to form a group of ultra-fine fibers, and a plurality of these groups of ultra-fine fibers are further collected and combined with other components. It is something. Here, the bonding component refers to a component that connects and integrates the ultrafine fibers and the ultrafine fibers or between the groups of ultrafine fibers and the groups of ultrafine fibers.

The number of ultrafine fibers in the ultrafine fiber group is preferably such that the bonding component and the ultrafine fibers have a sea-island structure.

! When the binding components of the fibers of the present invention are removed, at least 50 ultrafine fibers gather to form a thin primary bundle, and a plurality of these secondary bundles further gather to form a secondary bundle. A structured fiber bundle is obtained.

These fibers and fiber bundles of the present invention all have novel structures that have not been previously known.

On the other hand, by using polymers with different properties for the ultrafine fibers and making the ultrafine fiber groups different, fibers with special properties that are different from the collagen fibers of natural leather can be obtained. For example, if two types of polymer components have different dyeing properties, 2) the ultra-fine fiber made of one polymer component may be dyed and the other is not dyed, or 1) both may be dyed in different colors to improve the depth of 91 colors. , it is possible to express unique color effects such as melange tones. In addition, by using a normal fiber-forming polymer for one polymer component and an elastomer for the other, a yarn with good elastic recovery properties can be obtained.
It is also possible to treat the nidistomer with a solvent and use it as a binder.

In addition to this, heat shrinkability, melting point, and solvent solubility.

Polymers with different conductivity, magnetism 1 reactivity, hydrolyzability, ion exchange property, radiation sensitivity, photosensitivity 2 strength, stretchability, etc. may be used in combination, and the number of polymers is not limited to two types. It is also possible to use the above. By taking advantage of the differences in the properties of these polymers, fibers with new functions can be obtained. Furthermore, it is also possible to vary the polymer components of the ultrafine fibers within the group of ultrafine fibers.

A different effect can be obtained than if the polymer components were different between the groups.

Specific examples of materials used in the fibers of the present invention include nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 6-10.
Nylon 12. Nylon IL! polyamide and its copolymer, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polytetramethylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate), ・-Nail L
< means polyesters such as polyethylene oxybenzoate, polyethylene sebacate, polyethylene adipate and their copolymers, polyolefin polymers mainly composed of polyethylene, polypropylene, etc. and their copolymers, polyethylene oxide, polymethylene oxide,
Polyethers such as polyethylene glycol, polystyrene, and polymethyl methacrylate.

Examples include vinyl polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol and acrylonitrile polymers and copolymers thereof, polyurethane and copolymers thereof, and mixtures thereof.

However, the combination of the above-mentioned polymers to be used as each component of the fiber of the present invention cannot be uniquely determined, but can be determined appropriately by considering the field of use of the fiber, manufacturing cost, polymer properties, and other factors.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a fiber showing a specific example of the fiber of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a fiber consisting of six components. But as I said before.

The polymer components of the ultrafine fibers may be different between or within the groups of ultrafine fibers. Further, the bonding component 2 within the ultrafine fiber group and the bonding component 6 between the groups may be the same substance. It is also possible to consider a mixture of two or more types of polymers, or a mixture of a polymer and a fine powder of an inorganic or organic substance as one component. Here, the following description will be made assuming that it consists of six components, 1, 2.3.

The fiber in FIG. 1 consists of ultra-ultra silk fiber component 1. It is composed of a coupled component 2 and a coupled component 6. This component consisting of 1 and 2 is completely different from conventional ultrafine fibers.
It has a structure in which it is divided into an extremely large number of parts (at least 50 parts) and combined with other components 2.

Regarding the shape of the component consisting of 1 and 2.

In addition to those shown in Figures 1a and b, as shown in Figure 1C.

There is an example in which component 1 and component 2 are layered alternately in a mica-like manner. Of course, it is not limited to this only. When the weight ratio of (component 1 + component 2)/component 6 is small, the shape of component 1 + component 2 becomes approximately circular. However, as the ratio increases, component 1+component 2 transforms into a close-packed structure with component 6 interposed. Tsumashi 2
It gradually becomes less rounded and becomes polygonal as shown in Figure 1d. However, the gist of the present invention remains unchanged.

In FIG. 1e, component 1+component 2 further has a sea-island structure. In other words, in an island consisting of component 1 and component 2, component 1 forms an island (hereinafter referred to as an island-within-island component), and component 2 forms an ocean and is referred to as a high-division component below C).
Furthermore, it has a structure in which the same components as the high-resolution components exist as islands among the island-within-island components. Figure 1 f
The component consisting of component 1 and component 2 and component 6 are combined [), converged and discharged. Figure 1g has components 1 and 2 with different finenesses for each group. Figure 1 h+ 1+j+k, 1 is 1
It has a structure in which a part of the components consisting of and 2 is exposed on the surface of the fiber.

FIG. 2m is a partially cutaway perspective view of a fiber of the present invention. In the figure, 1 is the ultrafine fiber component, 2 is the bonding component within the group, and 6
indicates the intergroup ρ coupling component. As shown in the figure, there are cases in which the components 1 and 2 are exposed on the surface, and cases in which they are buried inside without being exposed on the surface, as shown in Fig. 1. Moreover, this component is long in the fiber axis direction and is substantially in the form of continuous filaments rather than short fibers as in chip T-lend kneaded spun fibers or mixed spun fibers.

FIG. 2m is a partially cut away perspective view of a component consisting of 1 and 2, that is, one group of ultra-fine silk fibers. In FIG. As can be seen from the figure, the fiber of the present invention contains ultra-fine fibers as a component.
Moreover, the ultrafine fibers 1 are filament-shaped and are substantially continuous in the fiber axis direction.

FIG. 6 shows a fiber bundle made of ultrafine fibers obtained by dissolving and removing component 2 and component 6 of the ultrafine fiber-generating fiber of the present invention with a solvent.

It has a structure in which at least 50 ultra-fine fibers come together to form a thin partial bundle, and a large number of these next bundles come together to form a secondary bundle.

The basic idea in the method for producing the fibers of the present invention having the configurations as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is that first, as shown in FIG.
A split composite flow P consisting of component 2 is constructed, and it is divided into component 6.
It can be either wrapped around it or pasted together. Fourth
In FIG. q, one component 6 covers one divided composite stream P, but a plurality of divided composite streams P may be surrounded by the component filter at the same time. In this case, if you surround it with component 6 at once,
However, it is easy to think of it by inserting a virtual line in which one component 3 covers one divided composite flow P into component 6, and the plurality of q are brought together and converged, It is easy to understand that it is something that has been ejected.

When the fibers of the present invention are bombarded with a high-speed liquid columnar flow, the fibers are easily split and fibrillated compared to known fibers having a simple sea-island structure, and the degree of fibrillation is extremely fine. When a high-speed liquid columnar flow impinges on a sheet or string-like fibrous structure using the fibers of the present invention, fibrillation and dense entanglement of the fibers are achieved. This is also one of the characteristics of the fiber of the present invention. The ultrafine fibers or bundles thereof obtained from the fibers of the present invention can be processed into sheet-like products or string-like products such as clothing, shoes, bags such as bags, ball skins, gloves, dishcloths, towels, and food filters. , abrasive cloths, wiping cloths, wicks for stoves and lamps, artificial blood vessels, and densely woven fabrics and non-woven sheets have the ability to allow water vapor and air to pass through; they have the property of being difficult for water and water droplets to pass through. Therefore, it is preferably used in applications that require these functions. In particular, the fibers of the present invention have a structure very similar to collagen fibers, so they are most preferably used for artificial leathers, such as silver-finished artificial leathers with a silver surface that sticks to the hand like high-grade calf or high-grade sheep. By using the fibers of the present invention, high-quality raback-like artificial leather with dense short piles, suede-like artificial leather with a soft feel and elegant appearance, etc. can be obtained by using the fibers of the present invention.

The following examples are provided for the purpose of clarifying the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. In the examples, the parts 9 and 9 refer to the weight of the key without any indication.

Example 1. Comparative Example 1 (1) Using a spinning device similar to that described in Japanese Patent Application No. 57-162241, 40 parts of nylon 6 was used as the ultra-fine fiber component and highly fluid polystyrene was used as the bonding component within the ultra-fine fiber group. 40 parts of a polymer melted at 270°C at a ratio of 20 parts of high viscosity polystyrene as a bonding component between groups was weighed and pressurized with a gear pump, and 12 parts of one cap was added.
It was discharged from several discharge ports and rolled up at a speed of 1,000 yn/min. The spinning stability was good, and fibers with a thickness of 9.8 denier per fiber with almost no unevenness in thickness were obtained.

(2) On the other hand, using a spinning device similar to that described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 44-18369,
20 parts of high viscosity polystyrene as a sea component were melted at 7.70° C., each was pressurized while being metered with a gear pump, and discharged from 12 outlets, and spinning was attempted in the same manner as in (1) above. However, the polymer extruded from the discharge port does not fall into thin threads, but instead looks like raindrops.
It was not possible to continuously wind it up as a fiber. For this reason, when we cooled the polymer immediately after it was discharged by blowing air directly below the discharge port, the rain stain disappeared and we were able to roll it up. However, the fibers were thick and thin.

Next, for each of (1) and (2), the cross sections of each thick gut-shaped fiber collected by letting the polymer fall naturally from the discharge hole at two points 100 m apart were observed using a scanning electron microscope. . As a result, in the fibers obtained in (1), the thickness and number of ultra-fine fibers at two points,
The arrangement was almost the same, and when we enlarged the cross-sectional images of each film through light, we found that the two images almost matched and overlapped. In other words, it was found that the ultra-fine fibers were continuous even at both points 100 meters apart. On the other hand, in the fibers obtained in (2), the thickness of the fiber itself was different at both points, and the thickness, number, and arrangement of the fibers contained inside were also different. 10m, 10cm.

I tried observing it with a shorter length of 5 cm, but the results were similar.

Next, the rolled-up undrawn fibers of (1) and (2) were drawn using a hot plate heated to 150°. The fibers of (1) could be stably stretched up to 2.8 times, but the fibers of (2) could be stretched up to 1.5 times.
In the fiber cross section of 1), the number of ultrafine fibers in each of the 16 ultrafine fiber groups was approximately 180.

From this, it was found that the average fineness of the ultrafine fibers fed to the stretched fibers of (l) was approximately o, o o, o s tenier.

Next, (1), when the stretched fiber of f21 was immersed in trichlorethylene and left to stand, (1)
Fiber bundles consisting of ultrafine fibers were obtained from the fibers of
In the case of fiber (2), the trichlorethylene was cloudy and white, and upon closer inspection, it was found that fine single fibers were floating. The fiber bundle obtained from the fibers in (1) consists of a group of ultra-fine fibers forming a primary bundle.

Furthermore, it was a superpolar fiber bundle with a structure in which 16 of these primary bundles assembled to form a secondary bundle.

Example 2 One of the two ultra-fine fibers was produced using a device that was the same as the spinning device in Example 1 (1), but was capable of discharging two types of ultra-fine fiber components that were different between the ultra-fine fiber groups. The fibers were spun in the same manner as in Example 1 (1) using 20 parts of polyethylene terephthalate, which does not have very high heat shrinkability, as an ultrafine fiber component, 40 parts of polystyrene as a bonding component within one group, and 20 parts of polystyrene as a bonding component between groups. , fibers of 12.3 denier each with almost no unevenness in thickness and having seven ultra-fine fiber groups were collected.

When the cross section of both ends of the gut-shaped thick fiber collected at the time of opening was observed with a scanning electron microscope, the arrangement and number of ultra-fine fibers at the two points were determined.

The thickness was almost the same. This revealed that the ultrafine fibers were substantially continuous between the two points. In addition, the number of ultrafine fibers in Group 9 was about 50 for each of the two types of components, and the bonded component and the ultrafine fiber component had a sea-island structure.

Next, the undrawn yarn with an fC of 12.6 denier was drawn three times using a Git plate. The obtained drawn yarn was immersed in trichlorethylene to dissolve and remove binding components, and then the trichlorethylene was dried and removed with hot air at 120°0 and the fibers were subjected to shrinkage treatment without applying tension. When the obtained fibers were observed under a stereomicroscope, they were found to be ultra-fine fibers with fine curls and ultra-fine fibers with almost no curls.
It was a uniquely shaped fiber bundle with a mixture of. The average fineness of this ultrafine fiber was about 0.005 denier.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a typical fiber according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a fiber of the present invention and a group of ultrafine fibers thereof. FIG. 3 shows a fiber bundle made of ultrafine fibers obtained by removing the binding components of the fibers of the present invention. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a mechanism in which one ultrafine fiber group component flow is coated with an intergroup bonding component. FIG. 5 is a photograph taken with a scanning electron microscope of a cross section of a fiber of the present invention. FIG. 6 is an enlarged photograph of a part of FIG. 5. Patent Applicant Azuma Co., Ltd. No. 2 (Z Nakau)

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) ■ At least 50 ultra-fine fibers of 0.01 denier or less in a substantially continuous filament form are arranged and aggregated,
It is bonded with another component (bonding component 1) to form a group of ultra-fine fibers, and a plurality of the ultra-fine fiber groups are assembled together with another component (bonding component 2; including cases where it is the same as bonding component 1). A super-polar side fiber generation type fiber characterized in that the fibers are bonded together to form one fiber as a whole. (2) The ultrafine fiber-generating fiber according to claim (1), wherein the polymer component of the ultrafine fibers is different between the groups of ultrafine fibers. (3) - Among the ultra-fine fibers, there are two with different polymer components.
The ultrafine fiber-generating fiber according to claim (1), characterized in that there are more than one type of ultrafine fiber.