JPS60175963A - Solar heat collector - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To form the solar heat collector capable of collecting the heat with a high efficiency by a method wherein the upper surface of an outer casing, in which a heat insulating material is laid on the bottom surface thereof, is utilized as a solar heat absorbing surface and the lower surface thereof is provided with multiple fins while atmospheric air is passed through an air duct, formed by the fins and the outer casing, by a fan. CONSTITUTION:When weather is fine, the fan 14 is stopped and refrigerant, flowing through heat collecting tubes 12, is controlled so as to have an evaporating temperature upper than the temperature of atmosphere. In this case, the upper side of the casing is insulated thermally by the transparent cover 2 and the lower side thereof is insulated thermally by the heat insulating member 5, therefore, heat loss, due to the conduction and radiation of heat, is zero substantially. The heat loss due to convection is also very small. When the weather is cloudy or at night, the fan 14 is driven by a motor 15 and the refrigerant, flowing through the heat collecting tubes 12, is controlled so as to have the evaporating temperature lower than an atmospheric temperature. A very small amount of sun beams, when the weather is cloudy, is absorbed by the solar heat absorbing surface 8 of a heat collecting panel 6. Thus, the solar heat may be collected with a high heat collecting efficiency and the fan may be stopped when the weather is fine while the heat of atmospheric air may be absorbed efficiently by introducing the atmospheric air inbetween the fins by rotating the fan when the weather is cloudy or at night.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a solar heat collector used as an evaporator in a direct expansion type solar heat pump device that performs hot water supply and space heating operations using solar heat and outside air heat as heat sources.

[Prior art]

There are two types of solar heat pump devices using conventional Maki solar heat collectors.

For example, as shown in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 52-151960, one type uses only a solar collector as an evaporator, and when there is sufficient sunlight at twilight hours, the refrigerant liquid is heated by solar heat. When there is not enough sunlight due to cloudy weather or at night, the refrigerant liquid is heated and evaporated by absorbing heat from the outside air using natural convection using a solar heat collector.

Another type is 1, for example, as shown in Japanese Utility Model Application Publication No. 56-141972, a solar heat collecting collector 7 and an outdoor coil for collecting outside air heat are both used as an evaporator, which provides sufficient sunlight. When there is less sunlight, use a solar collector, or when there is little sunlight, use an outdoor coil.

When the sunlight is intermediate, both the solar collector and the outdoor coil are used as evaporators.

However, conventional devices that use only the above solar heat collector as an evaporator do not require a refrigerant circuit switching means and have a simple ω11 control method, but they are constructed in a bare manner so that the collector can easily absorb heat from the outside air through natural convection. Therefore, the heat radiation loss of the heat collection fins increases. In particular, when using solar heat, the evaporation temperature (heat collection temperature) of the refrigerant liquid is set higher than the outside temperature to increase the production coefficient (COP). 9 Heat collection efficiency decreases rapidly. Therefore, in this type of heat pump device, the heat collection efficiency is low, so although a low-cost collector can be used, a large heat collection area is required to obtain a certain amount of heat, and the overall cost is high.

On the other hand, a device that uses a solar collector and an outdoor coil in combination can obtain sufficiently high heat collection efficiency even when the solar collector's heat collection temperature is set to 10 degrees higher than the outside temperature, and even when there is no sunlight, the outdoor coil It can efficiently absorb outside heat. However, as an evaporator, an expensive solar collector and an outdoor coil must be installed separately, resulting in extremely high costs, as well as problems with installation location, complicated refrigerant piping, control of switching valves, etc., and ensuring the optimal amount of refrigerant. There were many problems that needed to be resolved.

[Summary of the invention]

This invention was made in order to eliminate the drawbacks of the conventional products as described above.The top surface is covered with a transparent cover and the bottom surface is covered with a heat insulating material. Equipped with many fins.

By using this surface as an outside air heat absorption surface, a heat collecting plate and a heat collecting tube fixed to this are housed, and outside air is ventilated by a blower through the air tact formed by the fins and the outer box. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a solar heat collector that can collect solar heat and outside air heat with high efficiency even in clear skies, in dry weather, and at night.

[Embodiments of the invention]

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG.

Figures 1 to 3 are diagrams showing one embodiment of the present invention,
Figure 1 is a partially sectional plan view, Figure 2 is the n-
FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of FIG. 1 with a part omitted. In the figure, (1) is an outer box that constitutes the outer shell of the solar collector.

(2) is a transparent cover such as a glass plate that closes the upper opening of this outer box (1), (3) is a gasket attached around this transparent cover (2), and (4) is this gasket (3). c) Presser foot, a presser metal fitting that secures the transparent cover (21) to the outer box ('').

(5) Water-resistant 4g, lt heat 4g stretched on the inner bottom and inner surface of the outer box (61) and insulation material on the inner bottom (
A heat collecting plate formed by extruding aluminum into a plurality of pieces placed on top of the heat collecting plate (7) is a fin that forms an outside air heat absorbing surface on the lower surface of the heat collecting plate (6). A large number of heat collecting plates (6) are provided in parallel in the longitudinal direction. (8
) is a flat solar heat absorbing surface constituting the upper surface of this heat collecting plate (6), and (9) is an absorbing film such as black paint applied to this surface (8).

``all'' is a heat collecting pipe holding part provided along the longitudinal direction at the center of the bottom surface of the heat collecting plate (6), and ae is formed by the fins (7) and the heat insulating material (5) on the inner bottom of the outer box 0). air duct.

α is a heat collecting pipe that is press-fitted into the heat collecting pipe holding part α@ and flows a refrigerant inside a steel pipe or the like fixed to the heat collecting plate (6), Q31
041 is a cylindrical line flow type attached to one side of the outer box (11) on one longitudinal end side of the heat collecting plate (6). A51 is a driving motor connected to one end of the blower θ4, ae is a cover that extends from the top of the blower α over the upper end of the heat collecting plate (6), and αD is a lower part of the blower H. OQ is an elongated hole-shaped air outlet opening on the lower surface of the outer box (1) located at . are the four gripping feet attached to the outer periphery of the outer box (1).The outer box (1) has a transparent cover (2) on the south side (
The fins (7) and the heat collecting pipes are installed so as to face north in the southern hemisphere, and the fins (7) and the heat collecting tubes are installed in the horizontal direction perpendicular to this direction of inclination, that is, in the east-west direction.

In the solar heat collector configured as described above, when the weather is clear, the blower aa is stopped and the refrigerant flowing inside the heat collecting pipe α is controlled to have an evaporation temperature higher than the outside temperature. Sunlight passes through the transparent cover (2), hits the heat collection plate (6), is absorbed by the absorption film (9) on its solar heat absorption surface (8), and heat is transferred through the heat collection plate (6) by conduction. Move and heat the heat collecting pipe. The liquid refrigerant flows into the uppermost collecting pipe of the solar collector installed at an angle, and as mentioned above, it is heated by solar heat and evaporates.

In the lowermost heat collecting pipe α2, the heat is completely evaporated and leaves the solar collector. in this case,
Heat loss is thought to occur from the heat collecting plate (6), which has a higher temperature than the outside air temperature, to the atmosphere, but since the upper part is thermally insulated by the transparent cover +21 and the lower part is thermally insulated by the heat insulating material (5), there is heat loss due to conduction and radiation. There is almost no heat loss. In addition, heat loss due to natural convection through the outer box (1, 1 air outlet a7 opened on the bottom surface) and the suction port 0 can be prevented by fins (7) on the bottom surface of the heat collecting plate (6), which acts as a heat dissipation surface. Since it is installed horizontally,
The warmed air inside the air duct αυ causes convection
Since the air is trapped in the gaps between the fins (7) and difficult to flow out from the air outlet αη and the suction port α stage, loss due to this convection is extremely small.

On cloudy days and at night, the blower 04 is operated by the motor a''5, and the refrigerant flowing inside the heat collecting pipe is controlled to an evaporation temperature lower than the outside temperature.The slight amount of sunlight on cloudy days is the same as on clear days. , is absorbed by the solar heat absorbing surface (8) of the heat collecting plate (6).Also, by operating the blower Q41, the outside air is absorbed by the intake port 0.
The air is introduced into the air duct (Ill) through the air duct (Ill), where the heat is absorbed by the fins (forced) and discharged from the air outlet (E'0).

In the above embodiment, the heat collecting plate (6) is molded from an extruded aluminum material and the fins (7) are integrally formed. It may also be created by

Furthermore, in the above embodiment, a line flow type blower was used as the blower I, but other types of blowers may be used as long as they can uniformly send outside air into the air duct ()υ. , it may be installed on the suction side instead of just the blowout.

〔Effect of the invention〕

Since this invention is configured as described above, a set of heat collecting plates,
Due to the relatively simple structure of only a heat collection tube, the blower can be stopped during times of high IiW and solar heat can be collected with high heat collection efficiency.On cloudy days and at night, the blower can be turned on to introduce outside air between the fins and efficiently collect outside air. It has the effect of absorbing heat.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially cross-sectional thousand-sided view showing an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of FIG. 1 at line 1. FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of FIG. In the figure, (1) is the outer box, (2) is the transparent cover, and (5) is the insulation material. (6) is the heat collecting plate, (7) is its fin, (8) is the solar heat absorbing surface of the heat collecting plate (6), αB is the air duct, mackerel is the heat collecting pipe, 041 is the blower, αn is the air outlet, QIIO is a suction port. In the figures, the same reference numerals indicate the same parts. Agent Masuo Oiwa (and 2 others) Figure 1

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) An outer box whose top surface is covered with a transparent cover and a heat insulating material is laid on the bottom surface, and which is arranged at an angle.The outer box is housed within this outer box, and its top surface is a flat solar heat absorbing surface. A large number of fins are provided on the bottom surface perpendicular to the direction of inclination. A heat collection plate that uses this surface as an outside air heat absorption surface, and a heat collection pipe that is fixed to this heat collection plate and piped inside to flow the refrigerant. and a solar heat collector comprising fins on the lower surface of the heat collecting plate and the outer box. (2) The evaporation temperature of the refrigerant flowing through the heat collecting pipe. A solar heat collector characterized in that the temperature is controlled to be higher than the outside air temperature during clear weather and lower than the outside air temperature during cloudy weather and at night, and the blower is operated only during cloudy weather and at night.