JPS6017365A - Method and device for measuring flow velocity - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To measure the course of flow in a three-dimensional space and the three-dimensional components of a flow velocity which is changed momently when the flow is moved along a flow line, by dotting momently the center position of an optical image, which is focused onto an area array sensor, of tracer particles in an observation space, and obtaining the extent of movement in a certain time and performing arithmetic. CONSTITUTION:The first photodetector 18 and the second photodetector 19 which are connected electrically to driving circuits and have the first area array sensors and the second area array sensors arranged on x-y faces and z-x faces respectively are arranged on sides opposite to light sources 13 and 14 with an observation space B in an agitating part as the center. The first photodetector 18 and the second photodetector 19 can focus magnified images of tracer particles in the observation space B onto area array sensors through focusing lenses 21 and 22 which can be replaced freely through connection rings 20. Knobs 24 are rotated to move focusing lenses 21 and 22 forward or backward (vertically), thus focusing a magnified image of tracer particles onto photodetectors.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Technical Field The present invention relates to a flow velocity measuring method and device capable of three-dimensionally measuring flow velocity and flow trajectory. Using an image sensor with an arrayed structure (hereinafter referred to as "area type array sensor"), we can detect the trajectory of fluid flow in three-dimensional space and the three-dimensional velocity of the fluid that changes moment by moment on the streamline. The present invention relates to a flow velocity measuring force method and a measuring device for measuring components.

Technical Background〉 For elucidating velocity changes in fluidized beds and fluctuating layers of fluids, movement of suspended particles in suspensions, changes in the 70-pattern of stirred liquid in a mixed liquid tank, and mixing phenomena. It is necessary to measure the movement and locus of movement three-dimensionally. However, even if we try to understand the movement of a fluidized layer or a fluctuating layer in a fluid three-dimensionally.

Even if a Pitot tube is used as in the case of measuring the flow velocity of a single-phase local average flow, it is not possible to measure the fluctuating velocity of driftwood. There are devices such as hot wire anemometers and hot film anemometers that can measure flow turbulence speed in addition to the average flow velocity, but hot wire anemometers can only be applied to gases, while hot film anemometers measure flow velocity three-dimensionally. It was difficult to measure the turbulence velocity. Moreover,
These flow rate measuring devices have to calibrate the measured values with respect to the actual flow rate, and measurement errors due to calibration cannot be avoided.

In addition, the resolution of measurement was only about 0.5 to 2, making it difficult to obtain accurate measurement values.

Laser anemometers, which have been attracting attention recently, can be applied not only to gases but also to liquids, and they use the Dogler effect to slow down the flow of moving fluids. Although it can be measured with high precision and does not require calibration, when trying to use it to measure the flow velocity in a chemical device, it is difficult to measure the flow velocity in a limited fin or subspace. difficult to do.

In addition, there is a risk of instability of LDA No. 1g processing and noise contamination. In addition, it has many disadvantages such as being expensive.

In the process of research on the flow velocity and turbulence velocity of fluid flowing in a limited space such as a stirring tank, the present inventor discovered that 0CR
Using photodiode image sensors, which are used for optical character recognition (optical character recognition), reading for computer terminals, and pattern recognition, it is possible to detect the moving speed of fluid within the observation space.

He discovered that the direction or trajectory of movement could be measured easily and with a high degree of accuracy, and published the ``Chemical Engineering Papers'' in 1978.
In Vol. 4, No. 6, pp. 588-594, the present inventor and his co-researchers published a paper entitled "Liquid flow velocity measurement method using an image sensor", which describes a structure in which a large number of photodiodes are arranged in a linear focus array. The image of the tracer particles mixed into the fluid in the stirring tank is measured using the linear array sensor, and the output waveform is processed using the optical image of the tracer particles detected by the linear array sensor. It was shown that the direction of movement can be measured two-dimensionally. In the "Chemical Engineering Papers" Vol. 5, pp. 318-320, published in 1979, there is an article written by the present inventor and a joint researcher, "Measurement of the flow pattern of liquid in a stirred tank using an image sensor." In this paper, we showed that flow velocity can be measured two-dimensionally using one dual-type array sensor, which has a configuration in which two linear array sensors are arranged parallel to each other in an observation space.

However, when trying to measure the flow velocity three-dimensionally using the above-mentioned method and measuring device using a linear array sensor, two image sensors are used as optical image detectors, and three pairs are used as a pair. It is complicated. especially,
In the former method, "liquid flow velocity measurement method using an image sensor," the flow velocity must be calculated after determining the tracer particle size, and it is difficult to use such a method for three-dimensional measurement of flow velocity. Requires complex calculation methods and measurement force methods.

Furthermore, the fluid flow path in the three-dimensional observation space (
It was impossible to determine the three-dimensional components of the flow velocity, which changes from time to time on the streamlines.

<Object of the Invention> The present invention has been made to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks of the conventional flow rate measuring force method and measuring device, and it is an object of the present invention to measure the flow of driftwood in a three-dimensional space from a Lagrangian viewpoint. An object of the present invention is to provide a flow rate measurement force method and device that uses an image sensor to measure the three-dimensional components of the flow rate that change from moment to moment on the path and streamlines of the flow rate.

According to the research of the present inventor, in order to measure the path of fluid flow in a three-dimensional space and the three-dimensional components of the flow velocity that change momentarily on streamlines using an image sensor, the method shown in Fig. 1 is used. , a first area array in which a three-dimensional orthogonal target with two axes (mainstream direction of the fluid flow) is an observation space, and a first area array in which photodiode focuses are arranged in a matrix in the row and column directions on the x-7 plane; Sensor 2 and z-xB
While arranging the second area array sensor 3 in ffi,
A clock pulse is sent from the m6 circuit (not shown) to the photodiode pit 1 of the first area array sensor 2 in the horizontal direction (X
The observation space B formed at the bottom of the 11th and 2nd area array array unit 23 looks as if it were a space corresponding to the photodiode bit position. The observation situation can be the same as if it were divided into a grid.

Therefore, in the above-mentioned measurement, by determining the center position of the optical image of the tracer particle that is moving moment by moment and dotting the center position, the locus of the fluid flow can be obtained. In order to find this trajectory, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, which is an enlarged view of part A in Fig. The width m (see ml and m2 in the gi2 diagram) is analyzed as that of the optical image.

Then, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the Xh direction velocity component VX of the flow velocity on the streamline is the optical image 5 that moves with time.
(assuming that this tracer particle is spherical) sphere center position C
□, find C2 and dot it. The determination of C1 and C2 is
X for each bit string as shown in FIG. ,+X
02 distance is corrected. In other words, the moving distance W of the optical image in the X direction is calculated by considering the column gap d of the responding bit string (distance between adjacent focuses 1) and the magnification n of the optical image (1 - magnification on the laser particle center). / )-1xcl±Xczl
becomes.

However, Xo□lXC2 is given by the distance l between adjacent focal points of the photodiode mensch in the center and the diameter of the optical image.

On the other hand, Δ is the velocity component Vz in the X and y directions of the moving distance of the optical image during the time (from time t2 to tl).

Vy is Vx-C(''/)-lXL'2±XclI' J/ = where △ is the number N of clock pulses sent from the drive circuit during the time.
”!-2S・△tn △tn =mu・N 6 =−・△t v = ((/)−17cz±)'c+I)/△t1□n =−!・N The two-direction component of the flow velocity is I learned that 2 area array sensor z = -φN.

<Structure of the Invention> Therefore, the flow velocity measuring method of the present invention for achieving the above object has two planes: a y-x plane perpendicular to the main flow direction 2 of the flow of the fluid to be measured, and a z-x or parallel direction. The first element has a structure in which the light receiving elements are focused in the row and column directions with a bit spacing g at z−y th, respectively, and arranged in a rack shape.
After arranging the area array sensor and the second area array sensor and mixing tracer particles with a specific gravity approximately equal to the specific gravity of the fluid to be measured into the fluid to be measured, 6) condensing on the first and second area array sensors; An optical image with a diameter Dp that is magnified n times as much as the tracer particle is formed at time T.
, , focus row interval d between Tl, interval between adjacent focus lines l,
Move the distance W (WX, Wy, W, 1.), measure the trajectory of the flow, and at time T
．． y2. z2) according to the respective calculation formulas, and the three-dimensional velocity component V of the flow velocity V of the fluid to be measured according to the calculation formulas.
It is characterized by subtracting x, Vy * V z.

However, m, , m2 represent the number of bits for detecting the optical image on the first and second area array sensors at times T□ and T2, respectively.

In addition, the three-dimensional component of the trajectory of the fluid flow is expressed in the y-x plane perpendicular to the main flow direction 2 of the fluid to be measured, and in the z-x or z-7 plane in the parallel direction and in the column direction, respectively. A first area array sensor and a second area array sensor are arranged in a mandrinx shape, and tracer particles having a specific gravity approximately equal to that of the fluid are mixed into the flow chamber to be measured. and 2nd area Arise/
The diameter of the tracer particle is imaged on the surface and magnified by n times of the tracer particle.
The optical image at time T□, Tl + T3+..., Tn-
□.

At Tn, time (Tl Tl), (T3 Tl
) +-+(Tn-Tn-□) respectively, the optical image has a beat interval d□.

dn 1- r dn-z; distance 111 wl 1”
21 ・”・+ ”n−1 shift 1111 Center position C1 (X
1+3'□) +C2 (X2 +y2) *Ca (X
s *V3) +”' + Cn-1(xn-11y
n-1) +Cn(Xn*3'H) and cm(zl
, X□, or zl 1)'1) , C2(Z2,
x2 or zx t )' 2 ) +C3(zn, x3
or zn v ya ) ”' t Cn-4(zn-
1, xn-1 or zn-1+Vn-□) +CH(Zn
mXH or znyn), the center position of the optical image on each first area array sensor C□(Xx+yILc2(X2+5'2),...
.

Cn-□(xn-t +7n-t), cn(cn+y
n) and the center position c1 (zl, x, or zl rVl ) 1c2 (Z
2 +X2 or z2+y2), C3 (Z3.X3 or 2
3 +VB ') + "' + Cn-1(zll-
11''n-1 or zn-1+yn, , ) to find the three-dimensional component of the fluid flow trajectory.

However, m□1m21”31..., mn-1, mn
are respectively at time T and T2. ...+ 'rn-1,
'rn represents the number of focuses for detecting optical images on the first and first area array sensors, respectively.

Furthermore, the apparatus used in the above-mentioned measuring method has a structure shown in the following example.

Examples> Hereinafter, a measurement method for determining the three-dimensional component of the flow velocity that changes from time to time on the flow locus and streamline of the fluid will be described using the flow velocity measurement device shown in the embodiment.

■Measuring device FIG. 3 to FIG. 9 show the configuration of a flow rate measuring device according to an embodiment.

This flow rate measuring device includes a stirring device section, an illumination source section, a source detection section, a drive circuit section, and an output signal processing circuit section that processes the output signal of the source detection section and stores it in a waveform storage device.

As shown in FIGS. 3(a), (b) and 5, the stirring device section consists of a stirring tank 6, a liquid stirring rod 7, a square tank 8, and a liquid stirring rod 7 in the stirring tank 6. As shown in FIGS. 7(a) and 7(b), a six-blade turbine type stirring blade 9 is used.
It has a structure in which it is rotated in the tank 6 by a motor and a belt. A square tank 8 is provided outside the stirring ia 6 to remove distortion of the tracer particles in the observation space B, and during use, the same liquid as the stirring liquid is placed in the gap between the stirring tank 6 and the square tank 8. It will be done.

The illumination source section is as shown in Figures 3(a) and (b).
Above and to the right of observation space B, there is a condensing lens 11°1.
Light sources (tungsten lamps) 13 and 14 are installed so that observation space B can be illuminated through 2 and 11.
and 12 are exchangeable via a connecting ring 15.

The lens 11.12 effectively irradiates the light emitted from the light source 13.14 into the observation space B by means of a bellows 16 having a bellows.
2, the structure allows the illumination space of observation space B to be freely expanded or contracted.

As shown in FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b), the original detection part is electrically connected to a drive circuit to be described later on the side opposite to the light source 13, 14 centering on the observation space B in the stirring part. 1st area array sensor using National MEL64X64 area type array sensor made by Sangyo ■ +2. The second area array/su 19 is placed on the X-1 plane and the Z-
A first photodetector 18 arranged in the x-plane (see FIG. 5)
and a second optical detector 19 are arranged. The first primary detector 18 and the second photodetector 19 form an enlarged image of the tracer particles in the observation space B on the area array sensor through a freely exchangeable imaging lens 21 and 22 via a connection/glue 20. Can form an image. Image forming lens 21, 22 and photodetector 18.1
A bellows 23 is stretched between each of the 9 spaces, and by rotating a knob 24, the imaging lenses 21 and 22 can be moved back and forth (up and down) to form an enlarged image of the tracer particles on the photodetector. It has become.

The drive circuit section consists of an external clock oscillator 25, a first drive circuit 26, and a second drive circuit 27, as shown in FIG. Signaled by a clock pulse 40 from the external clock oscillator 25, the first drive circuit 26 and the second drive circuit 27 send out a start pulse 41 to the first area array sensor 18 and the second area array sensor 19, respectively, to cause the area array sensor to Each photodiode bit constituting the photodiode is driven and scanned. The output signals generated by the area array sensors 18 and 19 and the spike noise contained in the signals are reduced to low noise by the first drive circuit 26 and the second drive circuit 27, respectively, and are outputted as a video output 42α.

42, J to the output signal processing circuit.

As shown in FIG. 8, the output signal processing circuit includes waveform inversion circuits 28 and 29 connected to the first drive circuit 26 and second drive circuit 27 sides; a peak value hold circuit 3o;
3i; Peak value hole peak value hold circuit 30.31
The clock pulse 40 is comprised of a delay circuit 32 that delays the clock pulse 40 by the rising edge of the waveform sent from the clock pulse.

As mentioned above, the video signal output generated in the area array processors 18 and 19 and the spike noise contained in the signal are differentially amplified by the first drive circuit 26 and the second drive circuit 27, respectively, and are reduced to a low level. The noisy video signal outputs 42a, 42b are alternately sent out. Video signal output 42a.

42b indicates outputs 42b of positive values and negative values for each odd-numbered column and even-numbered column of the area array sensor 18, 19, and the peak value (this peak value is proportional to the received light intensity). In order to input these peak values into a waveform storage device 33, which will be described later, it is necessary to convert each peak value into a rectangular wave while maintaining the respective clock cycle relationships. For this reason, only the peak values adjusted to either a positive value or a negative value are held through the peak value hold circuits 30 and 31. In this case, it is necessary to pass the negative or positive value of the waveform through circuits 28 and 29 that invert it to a positive or negative value, respectively. That is, the video output signals 42a, 4
The signals of 2b are all waveformed in the same direction.

The output 44 of the peak value hold circuit 30.31 described above provides a clock pulse sent from the delay circuit 32 to a waveform storage device 33, which will be described later.

The output signal sent from the peak value hold circuit 30.31 described above is stored in a waveform storage 33, and furthermore, the output signal from the area array sensor stored in the waveform storage, for example via an interface 34 and M, T, 35, is stored in a waveform storage 33. The clock frequency f that sends the output signal and the number of sending pulses to the minicomputer 36 and scans the drive circuit, which is a set value.
, optical image magnification n,) trigger level T, L, and diameter d of the tracer particle.By having the Nikon 36 perform calculations according to the above-mentioned calculation formula, the area array sensor 18.1
The measured values measured in step 9 can be displayed digitally.

The relationship between the voltage and time of the signal waveforms sent out from the aforementioned drive circuit, output signal processing circuit, and area array unit 18, 19 is shown schematically in FIG.

The flow rate measuring device of the embodiment includes the conventional illumination light source described above,
Since it has a photodetector, a drive circuit, an output signal processing circuit number, and a waveform storage device, the optical image of tracer particles in the observation space changes the center position of the optical image formed on the area array sensor from time to time. By calculating the points and the moving distance within a certain period of time, it is possible to determine the three-dimensional components of the flow velocity that change moment by moment as the fluid moves along the flow path in the three-dimensional space and the 5rL line.

In addition, in the above-mentioned flow velocity measurement device, an example will be explained in which the flow trajectory and the moment-to-moment changing flow velocity of the fluid moving along the streamlines are measured when a fluid equivalent to 1 Oki is placed in a stirring tank and stirred. However, this flow rate measurement device
In this way, it can be used to measure not only the flow velocity and flow path in a stirring tank, but also the flow path and flow velocity of a fluid in a duct in general, or the flow path and flow velocity of blood flowing in a blood vessel. In this case, an area array sensor and an illumination light source are arranged in the same manner as described above in the main direction 2 of the fluid flow in the observation space, and the area array sensor is driven and scanned to form an image on the sensor. Obtained by observing the output, force, and signal waveforms based on the optical image of the tracer particles. By calculating the measured values according to the above-mentioned formula, it is possible to determine the trajectory of the flow and the three-dimensional component of the flow velocity that changes moment by moment along the streamline.

In addition, although we have explained the case where all the illumination light sources used in the measurement equipment described above are placed on the opposite side of the observation space from where the area array sensor is installed, we have adopted a method of observing reflected light from tracer particles. This allows a configuration in which the illumination light source is placed on the same side as the first photodetector and the second source detector.

(2) Measurement method Next, a method of determining the three-dimensional velocity component of the flow path and flow velocity of the fluid in the stirring tank using the above-mentioned flow rate measuring device will be explained.

The stirring device used was a double-walled one having a square tank 8 shown in Fig. 5, and the diameter of the stirring tank 6 was 180 mm and the depth was 2.
It is a flat-bottomed cylinder made of clear glass with a size of 60 cranes. Liquid stirring rod 7
．． μ As shown in Figure 7(a) and (b), length 19
A turbine blade with 6 flat blades of 15° m x height, 75 m distance between blades, and 15 g height was used, and the blade height in the liquid was set at 90 m from the bottom.

In order to make the flow in the stirring tank 6 a laminar region, a mixture of commercially available concentrated glycerin and distilled water in a ratio of 8 = 2 was used as the stirring liquid. The gap between the two was also filled to a depth of 180 yen.

Furthermore, approximately 1.00 tracer particles are present in the stirred liquid.
Using polystyrene particles with a particle size of Bφ, stirred liquid 11
It was 929, and the floating speed when the stirring liquid was stationary was 5E.
B/ It is paulownia.

The observation space is formed by the intersecting space of the optical system, and its size is a three-dimensional space with a side (-Lu'a) of 10 mm, and the lens is moved back and forth as necessary.
I enlarged and reduced it.

During the measurement, the liquid stirring rod 7 has a stirring blade rotation speed Ω-25Orp.
Rotated at m.

The photodetector was manufactured by Matsushita Electric Co., Ltd., and was manufactured by Na/Yonal M.
EL64X64 (-side 5.5'x+n) was arranged at z-x. The installation location is such that the center position of the center position is within the tank radius r = 45 m, and the center height h is full J from the tank bottom.
When h=80, 90, 10011th t,
The trajectory of the liquid flow under the above-mentioned stirring liquid and stirring conditions was traced, and the results are shown in FIG. 10(a).

The trajectories in (b) and (e) were obtained. Each trajectory edge in FIG. 10 represents a different tracer particle flow trajectory.

In FIG. 1O, the direction of the arrow X is the direction of the tank wall, and the direction of the arrow Z is the direction of the stirring liquid surface.

In addition, in FIG. 10(b), the symbol 9 on the left side is the liquid stirring rod 7.
The flow paths in Figure 10 (a), (b), and (e) show only the observation results on the z-x plane for convenience, but the χ -y
If an area array sensor is also placed on the surface and the center position of the optical image of the tracer particles imaged on the sensor is plotted over time, a similar two-dimensional χ-y distribution diagram of the flow can be obtained.

The two-dimensional component of such a flow is composed of, for example, three tracer particles (see Figure 11) C, which exist in the observation space B.
D.

When E is moving moment by moment following the streamlines 50, 51.52, the projection lines 5.0', 51', 52' and 50#,
51' and 52' are streamlines 50 and 51°52, respectively
-y and z−x are the same as those corresponding to two-dimensional components.

The velocity component of the flow is calculated. In Figure 12 (
a) is V from r=4 Qm to 50a from the center of the stirring tank
It is a velocity distribution diagram of z + V y, V z, and (
b) is vX at 5WIL position from the stirring rod center position,
In the velocity distribution diagram of vy and vz, (e) shows h- from the bottom of the tank.
As shown in FIGS. 85 to 13, the dissipated energy per unit volume is shown, and the measurement shows the strain rate component within the tank radius r=38 to 501M.

Further, in contrast to FIG. 13, FIG. 14 shows the results of calculating the dissipated energy ε7 at the position in the X-axis direction. From the figure, it can be seen that Ev decreases rapidly from the vicinity of the blade toward the tank wall.

The above measurement examples show that data that was previously completely unknown can be obtained, and can be useful for more rational design of stirring devices.

As described above, when the current velocity measuring device of the embodiment is used, the illumination light source and the photodetector have a structure where the lenses can be freely replaced, and the bellows can be moved back and forth, so the observation space can be adjusted. It is possible to easily enlarge or reduce the size of the optical image formed on the photodetector depending on the purpose.

Furthermore, since the photodiode focus of the area array/sun used in the photodetector is extremely small, measurements can be made with high resolution.

<Effects of the Invention> As is clear from the above description, the present invention is capable of: (1) Measuring the three-dimensional component of the flow velocity that changes from moment to moment on the streamline path and on the streamline without directly inserting a photodetector into the fluid; can.

■ It is possible to measure the trajectory of streamlines and changes in flow velocity on streamlines without requiring calibration.

■ Since an image sensor can be used as the original detection unit, various image sensors can be selected and used depending on the purpose.

■ Since it is possible to measure not only the three-dimensional component of the flow velocity that changes moment by moment on the streamline, but also its strain rate component and dissipated energy, it is possible to conduct research on the physical and chemical properties of fluids that were previously impossible to observe. I can do it.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 is an explanatory diagram of the trajectory of fluid flow and flow velocity measurement method using the area array sensor, Figure 2 is an enlarged view of section A in Figure 1, and Figures 3 (a) and (b) are respectively A side view and a plan view of the measuring device shown in the example, FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the main parts of the photodetector and drive circuit of the flow rate measuring device shown in FIG. 3,
Fig. 5 is a perspective view showing the principle configuration of the current velocity measuring device of the example, Fig. 6 is an enlarged view showing the illumination light convergence situation in observation space B in Fig. 5, and Figs. 7 (a) and (b). 6 is a cross-sectional view and a plan view of the essential parts of the stirring blade of the device shown in FIG. 6, FIG. 8 is a block diagram of the ljA dynamic circuit and output signal processing circuit of the photodetector of the flow rate measuring device of the embodiment, and FIG. Figure 8 shows the output waveforms from each part circuit of the drive circuit and signal processing circuit, and Figures 10 (al, (b), and (c) all show the fluid flow measured by the flow rate measuring device of the example. path z-
The x-component diagram, FIG. 11 is a flow and direction strain rate distribution diagram of tracer particles in three-dimensional space, and FIG. 14 is a dissipation energy distribution diagram of a unit volume in observation space. In the drawing, 2.3 is an area array/sustainer, 6 is a stirring tank, 7 is a liquid stirring rod, 8 is a square tank, 9 is a stirring blade, 11.12 is a condenser lens, 14 is an illumination light source, 18.19 is an area array sensor (photodetector), 21.22 is an imaging lens, 25 is an external Cronk oscillator, 26.27 is a drive circuit, 28.29 is a waveform inversion circuit, 30.31 is a peak value hold circuit, 32 is Delay circuit, 33 is a waveform storage device, 36 is a minicomputer. mml Figure 13 Figure 14 Wing tip x[mml

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) y-x perpendicular to the main flow direction Z of the fluid to be measured
The light-receiving elements are arranged in a matrix in the row and column directions with an inter-focus interval β on the z-x or z-7 plane in the parallel direction.
After arranging an area array sensor and mixing tracer particles with a specific gravity approximately equal to that of the fluid to be measured into the fluid to be measured, (2) forming an image on the first and second area array setters, and The optical image is enlarged twice in diameter, and the distance between the focus rows is d and the distance between adjacent bits is 1. Move the distance W (WX, Wy, Wz), measure the trajectory of the flow of the drum, and calculate the center position C1 (X1+Y1+z1) of the optical image at times TI and T2.
');''2 (Xz ly21 Z2) are calculated according to the respective calculation formulas, and the three-dimensional velocity component vx of the flow velocity V of the fluid to be measured is calculated according to the calculation formula %.
, vy, v7. However, "1 + m2" represents the number of bits for detecting the optical image on the I-th and second area array sensors at time T11T2, respectively. (2) Move the first area array sensor and the second area array sensor in the X or y direction and the y direction or
frequency f of the clock pulse that drives and scans in two directions.
and the sending pulse of the clock pulse that drives and scans these area array sensors during time T□+T2 when the optical image of the tracer particle ticks on the light receiving element bits on the first area array sensor/su and the second area array sensor. From the number N,
Flow velocity measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that Δt is calculated according to the calculation formula % formula %, and three-dimensional components Vz, Vy, Vz of the flow velocity V of the fluid to be measured are found. force law. (3) y-x perpendicular to the main flow direction 2 of the fluid to be measured
The first area array has a structure in which light-receiving satin focus points are arranged in a mantrix shape in the row and column directions with an interval l between adjacent focus points in the z-x or z-y plane in the parallel direction. In addition to disposing an area array sensor, tracer particles having a specific gravity different from that of the fluid are mixed into the fluid to be measured, and images are formed on the first and second area array sensors to form an image of n of the tracer particles. Doubled diameter Dp
The optical image at time Tl lT21 T3 + ”' +
Time (T2 T1 )+ at Trl−□r Tl
CTa-T2 )+-+ (TH-TH-1), the optical image is at the bit interval dl + d2* '''
r dll-1; distance w1. w2. ..., WH-
The center position of the optical image on the first and second area array sensors moving
2 +)'z) + CB (Xs +)'3)
*...*Cn-1(Xtl-1+y1-1) +
CH (XH+ yn) and cm (zllXl or z
1+'11) r 02 (Z2 +X2 or z2)
'2). C3 (Z3+X3 or z3 +ya) + ”' +
Cn-1 (zn-1+xn-1 or znl+'
After incorporating In-1) + Cn (zn,
yz') 1"' r Cn-1("n-I J7n-
1)! (41 (Cn, yn) and the center position of the optical image on the 8g2 area array sensor 1 kcm (zl, x, or Zl yl yl) * C2 ("21X2 or z2
, yg) rC3 (Z31X3 or ZB , Ya )
+ ”' + Cn-1 (zn-1+Xn-1 or zn
A constant force method on the fluid flow trajectory side, which is characterized in that the three-dimensional component of the fluid flow trajectory is determined by dot-pointing -X l)'n-□). However, 'm" l m2 T mR* "" + n
1H-1 and mn are respectively at time T1. T2. ...l
Tn-11'rn represents the number of bits for detecting the optical image on the first and second area array setters, respectively. (4) y-x perpendicular to the main flow direction 2 of the fluid to be measured
The first and second areas consist of an area array sensor with a structure in which light-receiving element focuses arranged on the plane and the parallel z-x or z-y plane are arranged in a matrix at regular intervals in the row and column directions. an array sensor, an imaging lens that forms a tracer particle image in observation space on the first and second area array sensors, and a tJ that is driven by an external Cronk oscillator to the first and second area array sensors.
i, a first drive circuit and a second drive circuit that send out a start pulse to sequentially scan the first and second area array sensors in the horizontal and vertical directions; Each of the output signals generated from the area array sensor is sequentially converted into a waveform that collapses the peak value in the same direction via a waveform inversion circuit and a peak value hold circuit, and is stored in a waveform storage device as a waveform corresponding to the rising edge of the output signal. The clock pulse of an external clock oscillator is delayed and inputted, and the waveform stored in the waveform storage device is scanned with the clock frequency f for scanning the first and second drive circuits, the optical image magnification n of the tracer particles, and the trigger of the area array sensor. 1. A flow velocity measuring device comprising: a calculator for calculating a three-dimensional velocity component of a flow velocity of a fluid to be measured from a level TL and a diameter of a tracer particle.