JPS60164597A - Drilling maching of vertical or horizontal pit - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] The present invention relates to an excavator for vertical shafts and horizontal shafts.

Recently, shield shafts in urban areas have tended to become deeper and deeper, and restrictions such as environmental protection have become more severe.

Under these circumstances, the shield shaft retaining methods that have been constructed to date and have been studied include steel driven piles such as H steel pipe pile retaining, sheet pile retaining, and steel pipe pile retaining. There are retaining methods, columnar underground walls, continuous underground walls, open caissons, pneumatic caissons, shaft shields, etc.

However, none of these construction methods can satisfy all issues such as pollution control, water-stopping performance, deep construction, dual use with the shaft itself, construction accuracy and excavation speed depending on soil quality, removal of obstacles, and construction costs. Each of these methods has one or more of the above-mentioned problems, but among these methods, continuous underground walls and shaft shields are cited as construction methods that reliably create deep shafts.

A deep shield shaft can have a rectangular cross section or a circular cross section. With a rectangular cross section, bending stress is applied to the side wall of the shaft, so it is necessary to increase the wall thickness, but in the case of a circular cross section, only ring compression is applied. Therefore, it becomes possible to reduce the wall thickness.

When constructing with the continuous underground wall construction method, it cannot be constructed as a perfect circle and must be constructed as an IF polygon, so for the above reasons the wall thickness must be increased to a certain extent, and the flooring requires boiling of parts, To prevent heaving,
Since a considerable length of root is required, there is a problem in that the construction cost of the shaft structure becomes high.

On the other hand, when using the Xχ shaft shield construction method, segments are used for the shaft structure, which is economically advantageous in the construction of the shaft structure, but on the other hand, after the shaft excavation is completed,
There was a problem that the shield excavator could not be removed and would be buried.

As described above, all of the conventional construction methods that enable the construction of deep shafts have had problems with regard to economic efficiency.

The present invention has been proposed in view of the above-mentioned points, and its (') purpose is to solve the above-mentioned legal problems with shaft shields, and to enable shield shafts to be constructed at low cost. We are here to provide horizontal pit excavators.

The present invention relates to an open caisson, a shield excavator that is fitted and fixed to the inner shell of the open caisson, and a sinking jack that is attached to the upper part of the open caisson and sinks the open caisson by applying a reaction force to the shaft segment. , consists of a sinking cutter driven by the drive device of the shield excavation machine, and a cutter slide jack that slides the cutter up and down, excavates a shaft using the shield excavation machine as the drive device, and finishes the shaft excavation. Afterwards, the shield tunneling machine was removed and horizontal shaft excavation was carried out, and the shield tunneling machine was fitted and fixed to the inner shell of the open caisson as described above and used as a driving device for vertical shaft excavation. r
Since it can be removed from the inner wall of the open caisson and used for horizontal shaft excavation, it eliminates the problem of burying the shield excavator, which was a problem with the conventional shaft shield construction method, and significantly reduces the cost per vehicle. .

In addition, since the submergence cutter is driven by the drive device of the shield excavator, the structure can be simplified and reduced in cost, and the submergence cutter cover can be slid up and down by the cutter slide jack. , it is possible to prevent damage to the drive device and sinking cutter in the event of abnormal settling of the caisson, and it is also possible to perform excavation that is suitable for the ground, and when pouring bottom concrete, the sinking cutter can be embedded in the bottom concrete. Since this serves as a reinforcing beam for the bottom concrete, it has many effects such as being able to reduce the thickness of concrete poured.

The present invention will be explained below based on an embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.

Fig. 1 shows the 1'/shaft excavation state, and Fig. 2 shows the shield excavation state. As shown in Figs. .

It is composed of a combination of Son A and a mud water pressurizing shield excavator.

Open caisson A has the same shape as a steel open caisson with a circular cross section, with a cylindrical steel caisson outer shell l used for the outer circumference and a cylindrical steel caisson inner shell 2 used for the inner circumference.
．． A steel caisson blade opening 9 is provided at the lower part of the inside of the caisson.
．． It is composed of steel reinforcing bars 3 to increase the rigidity of the entire caisson and to prevent sinking, which will be described later. Fob indicates the inside of the cutting edge surrounded by the caisson cutting edge 9.

In order to increase the strength of the open caisson a or when it is necessary to increase the weight of the caisson, concrete may be placed in the caisson in advance.

Reference numeral 4 denotes a plurality of sinking jacks fixedly attached to the reinforcing beam 3 located at the top of the caisson, which sinks the caisson by absorbing a reaction force on the t-shaft segment 5 used as an integral part of the shaft.

Several tail seals may be provided to prevent water leakage from the clearance between the t-section of the caisson and the shaft segment 5.

The mud water pressurized shield excavator @b is a generally used peripheral support type or intermediate support type shield excavator, and as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. A ring girder 12 provided on the inner periphery of the shield body 11, a cutter drum 13 rotatably supported with respect to the shield body 1 and the ring girder 12. A ring gear 14 is installed on the rear outer circumference of the cutter drum 13. A pinion gear 15 meshing with the ring gear 14. A driving device 1B such as a hydraulic motor or an electric motor with a pinion gear 15 fixed to the output shaft, and a mud feeding pipe 17 connected to the pressure chamber 10a inside the cutter drum.
and a propulsion jack 21 for taking reaction force to the mud removal pipe 18 and the shield tunnel segment 22 and propelling the shield excavator a. and a cutter 23 attached to the cutter drum 13 for cutting the ground.

During subsidence excavation, it is fitted into the inner shell 2 of the open caisson A with the front side facing downward, and is fixedly installed by sliding and stopping rotation with pins, etc., and the excavation work is performed using force and rotational force of the inter-drum 13. let

The propulsion jack 21 is a repurposed version of the sinking jack 4 described above, and is used as a sinking jack by attaching it to the reinforcing bar 3 of the open caisson a during shaft excavation, and is used as a sinking jack by attaching it to the ring girder 12 during shield excavation. Reference numeral 6 or 24, which is used as a propulsion jack 21, is the cutter drum 13 after removing the sinking cutter shaft, which will be described later.
A plug 25 that closes the through hole is a shield tube for assembling the shield tunnel segment 22 at the rear of the shield body 11.

6 is a rotary subsidence cutter that is rotationally driven by the cutter drum driving device 16 of the mud water pressurized shield excavation 411b and performs subsidence excavation; 7 is a rotary subsidence cutter with several subsidence cutters 6 cut out at its tip, and is rotated together with the cutter drum 13; The cutter shaft is slidably attached to the center of the cutter drum 13 of the mud water pressurized shield excavator so that its rear end passes through the cutter drum 13 and protrudes to the rear. The inside is a hollow hole 19 for pouring concrete 20 for the caisson bottom after sinking excavation line r.

The shape of the sinking cutter 6 is preferably a spoke type.

8 is a cutter slide jack in which the cylinder body is connected to the cutter drum 13 and the rod tip is connected to the rear end of the cutter shaft 7, which slides the submerged cutter 6 through the cutter shirt 1-7. . By sliding the subsidence cutter 6 in this way, when excavating soft ground with subsidence, the caisson cutting edge 9 can be penetrated and then force-centered excavation can be performed, and conversely when excavating subsidence on hard ground, it is possible to excavate with force. Excavation can be done with the cutter in advance. Furthermore, in the event that the caisson sinks suddenly, damage to the excavator or sinker can be prevented by releasing the cutter slide jack. Furthermore, by raising the sinking cutter 6, it becomes possible to reinforce the embedded bottom concrete 20 within the hollow concrete 20.

I have heard that the installed torque for the cutter of a sealed shield excavator is normally required to be the cube of the diameter, but when excavating a Perth pit etc., the torque is 2 times the cutter bit diameter.
The torque of the mud water pressurized shield excavator is sufficient for caisson subsidence excavation.

By the way, the cutter diameter of the shield is 4. h, the shield cutter torque T T-m is T=4”=64T1
On the other hand, if the sinking cutter diameter of the shaft is 6.5 m, the sinking cutter torque TI is TI = 13.5 = 42.2
57-111, allowing for sufficient subsidence excavation.

In addition, it is said that the equipment jack of a closed type shield excavator is 100 tons per 1 m' of excavation cross section, and the shield diameter is 4 m.
Then, the cross-sectional area is 4.0"X πX 'A = 12.
5El m', and a thrust of 1258t is required.

On the other hand, assuming the diameter of the caisson excavation is 6.5m, the cross-sectional area of the caisson is 6.
．． 5″X π'X 5A=33.17 m'.

Here, the downward force that causes the caisson to sink is 142 Elt, which is the sum of the sinking jack +256t, the caisson's own weight of 120t, and the shield excavator's own weight of 50t, and the upward force that opposes the caisson's sinking is the water pressure of 40t/m'
X 33.1? rn' = 132B, 8t, peripheral friction B, 5mX W X 4''X l = 81.6t
The total is 1408.4 tons, and the groundwater pressure is 40 t/r.
Up to about n', the sinking jack 4 can be used as the shield digging jack 21.

The above calculation is based on a steel caisson thickness of 1.25 m, peripheral friction of 1 t/m', and a gap between the inner caisson shell 2 and the shield body 11.
For water, rotation, or sliding, it may be fixed with pins, etc., as shown in I1iJ, I7.

Next, the working procedure will be explained with reference to FIGS. 3(A) to 3(J).

First, earth retainers 1' and 2 are placed on the ground surface as shown in Figure 3 (A).
The earth retaining material for driving 6 is sheet pile, H steel horizontal sheet pile,
Either column piles, underground continuous walls, etc. (+After driving the precision work, excavate the inside to a depth of several meters1. Dry rice field.Since a shaft excavator will be installed inside this shaft, a strut cannot be used, so earth anchors etc. may be used.

Next, as shown in Fig. 3(B), the steel caisson a is placed in place, and concrete is poured between the outer shell l and the inner shell 2 as necessary. After installing the caisson, the sinking cutter 6 and the cutter shaft 7 are installed, and the mud water pressurizing shield excavator is installed and fixed inside the caisson inner shell 2 with its front side facing down.

Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 3(C), in order to secure the shaft excavator, the outer periphery of the excavator is backfilled with a high-quality backfiller 27.

Note that the shaft excavator may be directly assembled on the ground surface by omitting the following operations.

After installing the vertical shaft excavator as described in 1-, mud water is pressurized from the mud feed pipe 17 via the pressure chamber 10a to the inside of the blade mouth 10b to a pressure equal to the underground water pressure of the feed path, and the mud water pressurized shield excavation is carried out. The sinking cutter 6 is rotated by the driving device 1B of the machine to perform excavation as shown in FIG. It is discharged via the shaft into the second shaft. When excavating a gravel layer, etc., the excavated earth and sand will settle at the inside 10b of the blade, so muddy water is poured from the nozzle into the inside t of the blade.
They may be mixed by blowing into the ab. In addition, depending on the amount of excavation, the sinking jack 4 is extended to sink the caisson a so that the caisson blade always contacts the ground, and after sinking by one ring of the shaft segment 5, the shaft segment 5 Assemble. This procedure is the same as the segment assembly procedure for shield work. Note that if the excavation depth is shallow and the frictional force between the shaft segment 5 and the surrounding ground is small, the sinking jack may not be used, and the segments may be assembled and scuttled on the shaft. If the caisson a suddenly sinks, immediately release the cutter slide jack 8 and slide the sinking blade/inter 6 against the cutter tram 13 to prevent damage to the sinking blade/inter 6 and the shield tunneling machine. can do.

After the shaft excavation is completed, the cutter slide jack 8 is operated as shown in FIG. To raise the height, use it as a steel frame as described below.

That is, as shown in FIG. 3(F), the sinking cutter 6 is removed from the shield tunneling machine itself, and the shield tunneling machine is raised, leaving the sinking cutter 6 behind.

Note that the shield tunneling machine does not require much force because water pressure is applied to it from the bottom. After raising and fixing the seal 1ζ excavator, a pipe is connected to the hollow hole I8 of the cutter shaft 7, fresh concrete is transported from the ground, and caisson bottom concrete is poured. If the depth of the X'f hole is deep and the pumping pressure is high, steel fiber reinforced concrete may be poured.

After the caisson bottom concrete 20 cast in this way has hardened, the muddy water pressure shield excavator is pulled out and removed as shown in Figure WS3 (G), and the subsidence that was attached to the caisson hole is removed. The jack 4 is removed and concrete is poured in its position as shown in Figure 3 (H). On the other hand, the removed sinking jack 4 will be repurposed as the propulsion jack 21 of the muddy water pressurized shield excavator.

After that, as shown in ttS3 diagram (I), the sinking jack 4
A shield launch platform 28 is installed to absorb the reaction force on the concrete poured at the location after removal, and a mud water pressurizing shield excavator is installed on the shield launch platform 28, and the removed sinking jack 4 is used as a propulsion jack 21. At the same time, a reaction force receiver 29 is installed at the rear of the shield excavator. In addition, the space under the second shield launch platform can also be used as a kettle for changing water.

Once the shield tunneling machine has been installed, the first thing to do is to
As shown in J), the shield excavator is first started by operating the propulsion jack 21, and ground improvement work such as chemical injection is carried out in front of the shield excavator as necessary.

After the shield excavation @b is started and penetrates the ground to some extent, a shield tube 25 is arranged around the tail of the shield and the shield is started again.

However, when using a shield tunneling machine with a not particularly long captain, this work is not necessary as it can be left stationary from the beginning.

Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 3(K), the number of segments is increased and shield excavation is performed as a mud water pressure shield in the same manner as in normal construction.

As described above, since the shield excavator can be used for shaft excavation and water/drainage excavation, the shield excavator will not be buried, unlike the shaft shield method, and construction costs will be reduced. In addition, since the sinking jack can be used as a propulsion jack, the shield excavation ridge itself can be manufactured at low cost. In addition, since it is equipped with a cutter slide jack, by activating the jack in the event of abnormal subsidence, it is possible to prevent damage to the subsidence cutter and shield excavator.Moreover, by moving the subsidence cutter up and down 4ζ with the same jack, the Not only does it enable excavation suitable for the mountain, but it also allows the sinking cutter to be raised and embedded in the concrete at the bottom of the caisson, thereby reinforcing the concrete at the bottom, making it possible to reduce the thickness of concrete placed accordingly. Furthermore, since the sinking cutter shaft is provided with a hollow hole, the bottom concrete can be easily placed using the hollow hole, which has many effects.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a shaft excavator of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a mud water pressurizing shield excavator used in the same excavator, and FIGS. 3 (A) to (K) are: FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a construction work procedure using the excavator for vertical shafts and horizontal shafts according to the present invention. a...Open caisson. b...Mud water pressurized shield excavator. l... Caisson outer shell, 2... Caisson inner shell. 3...Reinforcement beam, -4...Sinking jack. 5...Shaft segment, 6...Sinking cutter. 7...Sunk cutter shaft. 8... Cutter slide jack. 9...Caisson cutting edge + IOa...pressure chamber. lOb...Inside of the blade mouth, 11...Shield body. 12...Ring carter, 13...Cutter drum. 14...Ring gear, 15...Pinion gear. l6... Drive device, 17... Sludge feeding pipe. 18...Cedar 1 mud pipe, Ill...Hollow hole. 20...Caisson concrete. 21... Propulsion jack, 22... Segment. 23...Cutter, 24...Plug. 25... Shield tube, 26... Earth retaining work. 27... Buried soil, 28... Shield starting platform. 29... Reaction force receiver. Representative Kumagai Gumi Co., Ltd. Patent attorney Kuni Funahashi Usu Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 (A) (D)

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An open caisson, a shield excavator that is fitted and fixed to the inner shell of the open caisson, and a shield excavator that is installed in the upper part of the open caisson and generates a reaction force in the vertical shaft segment to move the open caisson. A sinking jack for sinking, a sinking cutter driven by a drive device of the shield excavator, and a tunnel excavated using the shield excavator as a drive device,
An excavator for vertical shafts and horizontal shafts, which is characterized in that after the shaft excavation is completed, the shield excavator is removed and used for horizontal shaft excavation. 2. The shaft according to claim 1, wherein the shield tunneling machine is a mud water pressurizing shield tunneling machine;
Horizontal shaft excavator. 3. The excavator for vertical and horizontal shafts according to claim 1, wherein the sinking jack is a jack that can be used as a propulsion jack for the shield excavator. 4. The excavator for vertical shafts and horizontal shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that the sinking cutter is connected to the cutter drum via a force/intershaft. 5. The excavator for vertical shafts and horizontal shafts according to claim 4, wherein the cutter shaft is a hollow shaft. 6. The excavator for vertical shafts and horizontal shafts according to claims 4 and 5, wherein the cutter shaft is mounted so as to be slidable up and down through the cutter drum. 7. The excavator for vertical shafts and horizontal shafts according to claim 6, wherein the cutter slide jack is connected to the upper end of the cutter shaft.