JPS60148998A - Apparatus for detecting distance between hole pit drilling machine and ground in hole pit - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Application of the Invention] The present invention is applicable to the case where a tunnel is excavated by a shaft tunneling machine such as a shielded blood AM machine or a reverse circulation drill. The present invention relates to a detection device for detecting the gap distance formed between the skin and the skin.

[Background of the invention]

When excavating a vertical hole, horizontal hole, diagonal hole, etc., a gap is created between the excavator and the ground surface after digging, and if this gap is left untreated, other mountains may collapse, which is dangerous. Such a situation will be explained with reference to a diagram when a horizontal hole is being dug and filled by a shield tunneling machine.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a shield tunneling machine inside a mine.

In the figure, l is the shield skin plate that constitutes the outer shell of the shield tunneling machine, 2 is the cutter wheel located at the tip of the shield skin rate 1, 3 is the bulkhead that partitions the inside of the shield skin rate 1, and 4 is the cutter wheel 2. A muddy water chamber 5 is formed between the bulkhead 3 and the bulkhead 3.
A mud water conveying device for discharging the muddy water inside to the outside of the shield excavator, 6 is a segment that forms a tunnel after the shield excavator excavates, and 7 is a concrete pump.

In the shield excavation M4, the cutter wheel 2 is rotated to excavate the face ground A, and the excavated earth and sand (which has become a muddy water with a high concentration due to spring water) is taken into the muddy chamber 4, and this muddy water is It moves forward while being discharged to the outside by the muddy water conveying device 5. After excavation by such a shield excavator, the excavated surface of the ground mass A2 in the radial direction of the shield excavator should almost match the surface of the shield skin play) 1. However, from the IC, it is actually the ground A! It is normal for small to large-scale collapses (this is called sagging) to occur in the excavated areas, and for this reason, the shield excavator and other mines A.

The exposed surface on the shield tunneling machine side (this surface is called the ground surface).
A gap is created between the two. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 8 indicates the background. The gap between the surface of the shield skin plate 1 and the background 8 is filled with muddy water 9 due to spring water. Now, hypothetically, during excavation work,
If a large-scale collapse (simply referred to as collapse) occurs as shown by the broken line in Figure 1, the void left after excavation will be extremely large.

By the way, if the voids caused by falling skin and collapse are left as they are, the other mountain A will collapse and sink into the ground surface, which is extremely dangerous. For this reason, after excavation by the shield excavator, a pouring material 10 such as mortar is injected into the above-mentioned void using the concrete pump 7 to perform a confining injection operation to fill the void. In the past, this injection was often performed at the discretion of the worker. Therefore, the backfilling material 10 may be injected more than the required amount, or the backfilling material 10 may be insufficiently injected. Transport device! : 5 is discharged to the outside through the hairs, resulting in the loss of the stinky back-filling material, and in the latter case, the disadvantage is that the purpose of the collapsing reinforcement, which is to completely fill the voids, cannot be achieved. Rarely.

In order to eliminate such drawbacks, several methods have been adopted in the past. The first means is digging and covering (:+
: It can be calculated from the excavation distance of the shield excavator. ) Check the difference with the rolled upper plate, and calculate y from this difference value.
The volume of b is determined and the injection is performed accordingly. However, with this method, it is completely unclear what kind of collapse has occurred in which part, and it is not possible to perform accurate Kamaime injection.
Collapse that occurs only in front of the gap (such collapse does not affect the size of the void) is also considered to be the amount of soil ejected, so there is a problem with injecting soil into the soil. . In addition, a method is adopted in which the degree of the muddy water discharged from the second '-+ one stage is determined by the degree 't-6111', and if both degrees are large, it is determined that the collapse has occurred. ,
This method is the same as the first method above, and the same lack of Ashichiku occurs. Since the negative degree is not determined, it is difficult to control the IP of the backfilling material injection basket.Furthermore, as a means of the third test J, it is difficult to measure the gap distance directly. These +
This will be explained using Figures 2 and 3.

Figure 2 shows the third measurement method used for Naka S4-.
? A self-clarifying snake diagram. In the figure, numeral 11 is a holder that can be freely inserted into and removed from the shield skin plate LV. 1'mu hokai is salt skin gray on furlough 11) 1
The end of the rod 11 is pushed out by an external force, and the tip of the rod 11 is pressed against the entire surface 8. By observing the stroke of the end of the rod 11, the gap distance can be directly measured, and it collapses due to stiffness. You can know the location and extent of the problem. However, with such means, if the background 8 is soft, it is not possible to accurately detect contact with the background/skin 8, and there is a risk that the background 8 may fall off, making it difficult to accurately detect contact with the background/skin 8. Cannot be measured.

In addition, if the rod 11 is left protruding, the rod 11 will be damaged and worn out, so measurements must be made intermittently.
In this case, even if a collapse occurs between a measuring point and the next measuring point, the measurement is still possible, but the disadvantage is that it becomes even more inaccurate.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a fourth method of measurement using ultrasonic waves. In the figure, 12 is a conduit provided inside the shield skin plate 1. 13 is conduit 12
This is a pump connected to the pump, which squirts clean water into the muddy water 9. 14 shows a gent water flow formed in the muddy water 9 by a jet of fresh water.

Reference numeral 15 denotes an ultrasonic probe provided in the conduit 12, which emits ultrasonic waves and receives reflected waves (echoes) thereof.

In general, methods of measuring distance using ultrahigh frequency waves are well known. However, this kind of separation is a ciJ rudder, which is created when there is a small amount of impurities mixed in the medium, and when there are very few mud particles like muddy water9. If the ultrasonic waves are mixed for each length, the emitted ultrasonic waves will be scattered by the mud particles, making it impossible to obtain an echo signal from the ground surface 8.

By the way, the means shown in FIG. 3 is intended to solve the above-mentioned problems that occur in measurements using ultrasonic waves. That is, the fresh water sent from the pump 13 becomes the jet water stream 14,
As a result, a clear water passage is formed in the Zuni water 9 from the shield skin rate 1 to the skin 8. Therefore, the ultrasonic tti & echoes emitted from the ultrasonic probe 15 and the echoes from the skin 8 are not scattered, making the measurement based on ultrasonic pupil waves possible. However, this + stage has a problem with 1 river 11 to make jet water Mt 14, and as the table becomes larger, jet water + 7n, The ground surface 8 is excavated and the accurate measurement is 1 female. Further, such excavation may cause skin drop. Furthermore, since the mud linearity is diluted by fresh water, there is a risk that the ground mass A,, A, will collapse, and to avoid this, it is necessary to perform measurements intermittently.In this case, the third Means produces the same drawbacks.

[Purpose of the invention]

The present invention was made in response to these circumstances, and its purpose is to accurately and continuously measure the distance between the excavator and the ground surface without causing any shadow on the ground surface. Te61
In addition, it is possible to prevent the collapse of the ground in the ground, and also to prevent the loss of iron filling material. It is on offer.

[The play of invention]

To achieve this objective, the present invention provides a support that supports an ultrasonic probe. ll- A moving means is used to move in and out of the muddy water of a large mine field excavator, and the ultrasonic echo from the ultrasonic probe is received, and ultrasonic wave detection is performed based on this echo No. 15. The distance between the feeler and the ground surface is determined, and on the other hand, the # moving distance of the support is detected by the detection device, and these two distances are completely increased to obtain the distance between the hole fA + kBFi1 machine and the ground surface. is expressed as a percentage.

[Embodiments of the invention]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be explained below based on the embodiment shown in the drawings.

FIG. 4 shows a threading machine diagram of a distance detection device according to an embodiment of the present invention. The same parts as those shown in FIG. 1 are given the same reference numerals. Reference numeral 17 indicates an aperture provided in an appropriate individual shield of the shield skin play (1), 18 a rod guide fitted and fixed in the aperture 17, and 19 a seal. A telescopic rod is slidably connected to the rod guide 18, and an ultrasonic probe 21 is supported at the tip of the telescopic rod. When applying the wire drawing rod, the reference position is a position where the tip surface of the ultrasonic probe 21 and the surface of the shield skin plate l are on the same plane.

Reference numeral 22 denotes a jack that takes the telescopic rod 1 in and out of the muddy water 9 toward the surface 8, and 22 indicates a jack supporting bracket that is attached to the shield skin plate 1 and supports the jack n. 22r is a jack rod of the jack 22, which is connected to the telescopic rod attachment for each bottle. 5
2 is a hydraulic pressure regulator that supplies hydraulic pressure to the jack 22, 2 is a tank that discharges oil from the jack 22, 27 is an electromagnetic switching valve that controls the supply and removal of pressure oil to the jack n, and fat is a flow rate detector to the jack n. , 29 is a jack stroke display device that displays the stroke of the jack 4 based on the flow rate detected by the 61e fit: detector. An ultrasonic transmitter outputs a signal to the ultrasonic probe 21 to cause it to emit ultrasonic waves, and also receives an echo signal output from the ultrasonic probe 21. 31 is a cathode tube that carries the echo signal wave cedar in response to the echo number W. Incidentally, several devices i- shown in Fig. m4 are provided in the circumferential direction of the shield skin plate according to necessity.

Next, □, all excitations of non-example Fig. 5 (a), (b), (C
The waveform diagram shown in ) will be explained starting with *m. First, the telescopic rod is retracted to the reference position, and ultrasonic waves are emitted from the ultrasonic probe 2I toward the skin 8. At this position, the distance 1xc between the ultrasonic probe 2J and the skin 8 is the distance to be measured. ) is large, the ultrasonic waves from the ultrasonic probe 21 are scattered by mud particles in the muddy water, and no echo signal from the ground 8 can be obtained. In this case, the cathode ray tube 31
The waveform shown in FIG. 5(a) is displayed. Here, the horizontal axis of FIGS. 5(a), (b), and (C) shows the ultrasonic probe 2.
1, and the vertical axis shows the magnitude of the echo signal (echo height). The cathode ray tube 31 displays only the scattering noise of mud particles in the muddy water 9, and this scattering noise N
also becomes smaller as the distance from the ultrasonic probe 21 increases.

When the display on the cathode ray tube 31 is only the scattered noise N as shown in FIG. protrude into the muddy water 9. At the same time, the ultrasonic probe 21 also approaches the skin 8. When the background 8 is soft, when the ultrasonic probe 21 approaches the background 8 to a position it (the position indicated by the dotted line in FIG. 4), the scattering noise shape N displayed on the cathode ray tube 31 is such that its remote part is It clearly disappears. The distance l between the ultrasonic probe 21 and the background 8 at this time corresponds to the distance of the disappearing part of the scattering noise N shown in FIG. 5(b) displayed on the cathode ray 'lf3].

That is, the distance between the ultrasonic probe 21 and the background 8 can be obtained from the waveform of the scattering noise N displayed on the cathode ray tube 31. On the other hand, the moving distance l of the telescopic rod rib from the reference position at this time is equal to the stroke of the jack n,
The value can be obtained from the display on the jack stroke display device t29. Since the distance l to be measured is Ax =ll + It, the cathode ray tube 31
Distance and jack stroke display device [2
By adding the distances shown in 9, the distance between the surface of the shield skin plate l and the background 8 can be obtained. In addition, when the background 8 is hard, the waveform displayed on the eclipse line tube 31 has a disappearing part and a 1 as shown in FIG. 5(C).
As a result, the peak waveform P of the echo signal of the background 8 appears, and distance measurement is performed in exactly the same manner as described above.

The ultrasonic probe 21 emits ultrasonic waves at all times during the excavation work of the shield tunneling machine, and the worker observes the cathode rays 31 while making sure that the tip of the telescopic rod 20 does not come too close to the ground surface 8. For example, the distance between the shield skin play) 1 and the ground surface 8 can be continuously and accurately determined, and the location of the collapse point can therefore be clearly known, making it possible to perform appropriate infill injection work. become.

In this way, in this embodiment, the ultrasonic probe is supported on a telescoping rod, and the telescoping rod is moved in and out of the muddy water by means of a jack. Measure the distance of the part where the scattered noise disappeared, t, and add this distance to the travel distance of the telescopic rod at that time to find the distance 11 between the shield skin plate of the shield excavator and the surface of the ground. .1', the distance can be measured continuously without contacting the skin, and the obtained value is therefore accurate.

As a result, it is possible to carry out appropriate pouring, prevent the collapse of the ground, and eliminate loss of the pit. Furthermore, when over-digging is performed, it is not only possible to detect drop-off or collapse of the over-excavation area, but also to check whether or not the over-excavation has been performed accurately.

Although the above embodiment has been described using a shield tunneling machine as an example, it goes without saying that the shield tunneling machine can also be applied to other tunneling machines. Furthermore, it is possible to detect not only the ground surface in the diametrical direction of the 11 tunneling machines, but also the distance to the ground surface in the digging direction. Furthermore, the distance obtained from the cathode ray tube and the distance obtained from the jerk stroke display device can be immediately added using an adder.Furthermore, the movement of the telescopic rod is not limited to jerking. A motor, hydraulic motor, etc. can also be used, and an appropriate device can also be used to detect and display the distance traveled.Also, the distance between the ultrasonic probe and the skin can be set to a certain value. , control the telescopic rondo's movement !vl to maintain this value, and use a signal corresponding to this movement distance to obtain the distance between the excavator and the ground surface, making it easier to manually If the distance cannot be detected even at the maximum movement value of the telescopic rod, it may be configured to output a collapse cost report signal.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, in the present invention, 1. An ultrasonic probe that supports an ultrasonic probe by moving it in and out of the muddy water outside the excavation machine using a moving means, and detects it based on the moving distance and the echo signal from the ultrasonic probe. Since the distance between the excavator and the ground surface is detected by adding the distance between the excavator and the ground surface, there is no contact with the ground surface,
and can continuously and accurately measure the distance,
In turn, it is possible to reliably prevent the collapse of the ground, and eliminate the loss of burrowing materials. In addition, all over-digging can be managed.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the shield machine inside the mine, Figure 2
3 and 3 are schematic diagrams illustrating the conventional distance measurement method,
FIG. 4 is a system diagram of a distance detection device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 5(a), (b), and (c) are waveform diagrams of ultrasonic echo signals. l...Shield skin plate, 8...
・Skin, 9... Muddy water, Addition... Telescopic rod, 21... Ultrasonic probe, n... Jacket, 5...・Hydraulic pump, n... Electromagnetic cutoff valve, A... Flow rate detector, 29... Rejack stroke display device, 31... Cathode ray tube, A,・・・・・・Mt. Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5

Claims (1)

[Claims] A support supported by a mine excavator and provided so as to be freely put in and out of muddy water outside the mine excavator, a moving means for moving the support, and an ultrasonic probe supported by the support. ,' characterized by comprising means for determining the distance between the ultrasonic probe and the skin based on the echo signal of the ultrasonic probe, and a detection device for detecting the entire moving distance of the support. A device for detecting the distance between the excavator and the ground surface when entering a mine.