JPS60130472A - Arc welding method and device - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the field of electric welding, and more particularly to arc welding methods and apparatus.

The present invention performs metal welding by submerged arc welding and shielded arc welding using a solid and purposeful welding electrode (consumable electrode), and also uses blanks and shielding gas in the welding zone. This can be used when developing equipment that performs welding using special electrodes that do not require welding.

The present invention can be most advantageously utilized in mechanized arc welding pot welding equipment which is carried out while feeding an electrode along an elongated id conduit.

Currently, as the dimensions of welded structures tend to gradually increase in size and high-quality steel plates are widely used, efforts are being made to reduce the cost of welded structures while maintaining the quality of welded joints. Ways to improve the efficiency of welding processes are constantly being sought. One welding process that meets the requirements of today's technology consists of two or more solid uninsulated or bare electrode wires of the same or different diameters juxtaposed along their lengths. Covering or Higashi neta sokoku f: 1#J! This is the arc welding method used.

Arc welding performed with bundled electrodes improves the efficiency of the welding process compared to conventional welding with a single electrode, which is particularly important for metal welding. Furthermore, in arc welding with bundled electrodes, at least one of the electrode wires of the bundled electrode can be made of a powdered or sintered alloy, so that the metal in the weld is easily more alloyed. Also, since the bare electrode wires have no insulation and are in contact with each other, a single welding power source can supply current to all the '4: pole wires.

Using a bundled electrode consisting of two or more individual 'ft pole wires without an insulating coating, the electrode wires were bundled as described above. i! An arc welding method is known (1972 (see British Patent No. 1.280,147 of 5 July 2013).

However, when this arc welding method is used in a mechanized welding process in which welding is carried out by the welding device feeding the welding electrode along the welding conduit into the welding zone using a tush-type mechanism, only such a mechanism can be used. Therefore, it is considered impossible to feed all electrode wires into the welding zone at the same speed. This is due to the fact that when the electrode wires of such a bundled nine' electrode move along a bare conduit without any linking means, the power is distributed disjointly throughout the interior of this conduit, and as a result these wires This is explained by the fact that the inner surface of the nozzle and its position relative to the nozzle and their mutual arrangement experience different frictional resistances. If the diameters of the electrode wires are slightly different, the difference in frictional resistance between electrode wires becomes even larger. Due to the fact that the individual electrode wires are fed into the welding zone at a slow speed, the normal progression of the welding process is affected, especially by rounding, which disturbs the movement of the burning welding arc, thereby reducing the speed of the weld formed. The quality is considerably low.

Therefore, there are several intermediate points in performing mechanized arc welding, which in most cases is done using an id conduit, using the above-described method.

Also known is an arc welding method in which the welding process is performed using a bundle of melt electrodes (consumable electrodes) (1971
(see USSR Inventor's Certificate No. 314.610 dated September 21, 2013), in this method a bundle of electrodes consisting of a small number of parallel electrode wires is pre-compressed on all sides by means of special rolls. , then fed into the welding zone.

This method is more effective than the above method in that by compressing the bundled electrodes made of electrode wires as described above, the electrode wires do not slip into each other. If the electrode is routed along a fairly long id conduit, the frictional resistance between the electrode and the inner wall of the conduit remains somewhat high and becomes non-uniform over time. This causes the rate at which the bundled electrode exits the nozzle of the conduit to vary from time to time, and thus results in erratic movement of the welding arc, especially under conditions of reduced welding current density during welding.

Furthermore, an arc welding method is also known in which the welding process is performed using twisted and bundled melt electrodes (Japanese Patent Application No. 53
-118, 154). In this method, a twisted bundle of electrodes exhibiting a multi-thread thread with a number of thread starts determined by the number of uninsulated electrode wires used, is ° to 10°
is sent into the arc zone at an angle of

In this known arc welding method, the arc rotates when the electrodes, which are made by twisting two wires together, burn out, which results in a good mix of welding powers and a good melting of the edges of the weld joint. However, with this method, it is still difficult to uniformly feed the electrode into the welding zone using only a bush type mechanism. In this way, if a considerable length of twisted electrodes is required to be provided along the id conduit.

2. It is necessary to either increase the force for pushing out the electrode or to additionally use tensioning means in the middle. However, these means reduce the ability to remove the electrode from the nozzle because during translational electrode delivery, the frictional resistance between the surface of the electrode wire and the inner wall of the guide conduit is distributed non-uniformly over time along the length of the conduit. It cannot be released at a constant rate.

Regarding the rotation of the arc, it should be noted that due to its low rotational speed, the welding process cannot be carried out at high speeds.

Furthermore, in this known arc welding method, the total cross-sectional area of the electrode must be less than 9,162 mm, and the welding current must be less than 450 mm.
Since the welding speed must be within ~500 amperes and the welding speed must be within the range of 15 to 23 crn/min, it can only be carried out under a somewhat narrow range of welding conditions.

Arc welding equipment is widely known that uses the principle of translational electrode feeding to feed a single electrode or a bundle of electrodes back into a guide conduit and into a welding zone. One such device (U.S. Pat. No. 2.855, June 6, 1958)
．． (See No. 5M2).

A welding torch is provided, the welding torch being configured as a welding gun fitted with a contact tip for supplying current to the electrodes and connected via a flexible hose to a wire feed mechanism, said flexible The hose acts as a guide conduit for transporting the electrode into the welding zone. The above wire feeding mechanism is equipped with a gear box attached to the payload case.

It is driven by an electric motor and incorporates a rotating feed roll kinematically coupled to the shaft of the drive motor.

This known arc welding device relies on a uniform and reliable supply of the melt electrode to the welding zone when the length of the flexible guide hose is relatively short. However, this device
If the length of the guide hose is considerably long, it is not possible to supply the electrodes uniformly and reliably along the guide hose using only the push-type supply mechanism. This is necessary to feed the electrode along a long and narrow guide hose.
11, it is necessary to either significantly increase the force pushing the electrode along this hose, or to use additional intermediate tensioning mechanisms along its length. This is explained by the fact that In this device, the force exerted on the electrode can be increased either by increasing the force applied to the electrode by supply rolls incorporated into the device, or by increasing the number of these rolls.

In the first case, the electrode used is deformed, i.e. an indentation is formed on its surface, which increases in degree as the force applied to the supply roll increases, while in the latter case: The same result is achieved when an intermediate tensioning mechanism is used, as the device becomes more complex and larger in size.

When an indentation is formed in the electrode, the friction increases and therefore the force required to push the electrode increases again. Additionally, when a translational electrode feed is performed by increasing the force pushing the electrode along the id hose, the contact tip used in the device, which is generally made of a relatively flexible material with low electrical resistance, suffers from severe wear. as a result, its service life will be shortened. This is because, in order to make the required contact 5 with the electrode, this contact tip is usually pressed against the electrode by applying a force perpendicular to the feeding axis of the electrode.

Accordingly, known arc welding methods and apparatus do not allow uniform delivery of the bundled electrode into the welding zone along a considerable length of guide conduit, which is accomplished solely by the feeding mechanism.

This non-uniformity in the electrode feeding affects the reliability of the electrode feeding, which in turn affects the reliability of the electrode feeding.

The quality of the resulting weld will be compromised.

The primary purpose of the present invention is to provide a twisted weld consisting of a small number of wires along a conduit that is long in length compared to the length of the conduit used in known welding equipment. Using only the mechanism, it is possible to reliably feed the weld into the welding zone and at the same time perform welding to obtain a high quality welded joint.

These welded joints can be in any spatial position and their edges are processed in a standard manner typical for all conventional welding methods, with historical considerations regarding welding speed, electrode cross-section and welding current. It is an object of the present invention to provide an arc welding method and apparatus that allows this welding to be carried out both at normal values and at increased values.

In view of this main objective, the invention consists of feeding a twisted melt electrode into the arc zone.

The twisted electrode is formed of two or more non-insulated electrode wires and has a multi-thread thread, and the thread has nine threads determined by the number of outer electrode wires forming the thread. The dimensions of the resulting weld having a starting point 'fr! li
! In an arc welding method in which the weld electrode is fed in such a manner that it can be adjusted.

The twisted melt electrode is formed by twisting the pressure electrode wire around the feeding shaft when feeding it into the arc zone, and the twisted melt electrode is twisted around the feeding shaft. Each of the electrode wires of the twisted electrode #i follows the same path and enters the arc zone at the same point, and the speed of feeding the twisted electrode into the arc zone is , the feeding speed of the twisted melt electrode is p, the spiral lead t-p twists the electrode wire, and the number of rotations per ascending time of the twisted melt electrode is r,
Then, if the number of outer electrode wires to be twisted is n, then a method is provided which is characterized in that it is determined from the relationship: v=p·'·n.

The arc welding method proposed here completely eliminates the difference in moving speed of individual electrode wires caused by twisting the electrode wires to form a bundled electrode while feeding the electrode wires. The successive rotational movements of the wire ensure uniform ejection of this electrode from the nozzle of the welding torch, thereby ensuring its delivery into the welding zone.

Furthermore, an arc welding method according to the invention provides that the dimensions of the weld obtained by using a twisted melt electrode formed by two electrode wires in the arc zone.

The direction of the twisted end face of the melt electrode is included in the above melt electrode feed 9.

It is characterized in that it is adjusted by shifting relative to the longitudinal axis of the weld in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation.

In one embodiment of the above adjustment, the direction of the twisted end face of the melt electrode! The above step of changing the welding area relative to the longitudinal axis of the weld in a plane perpendicular to the infeed axis of the twisted electrode causes the 9th welding point along the infeed axis of the twisted electrode to The extension length of the electrode is ±0 of the lead of the long Zorofile of the electrode.
．． This is done by changing the number within 5.

In another embodiment of the above adjustment, the end face of the twisted melt electrode is oriented in a plane perpendicular to the feeding axis of the twisted melt electrode. The step of changing the arc zone with respect to the longitudinal axis of the melt electrode is performed at t/0° with respect to its feeding axis.
-nL90a by rotating at an angle in the range of 90a.

The adjustment of the dimensions of the weld made as described above is very simple and, if necessary, the dimensions of this weld can be varied over a sufficiently wide range. The first embodiment of such adjustment, i.e., varying the extension length of the electrode, is particularly useful in the case of manual arc welding, which is carried out in relatively hard-to-reach spora HCs. . For adjustments in the case of automated arc welding, both of the embodiments described above are suitable, and which embodiment is selected depends on Fi and the specific conditions under which the welding process is carried out.

In view of the above main purpose, this welding torch comprises a welding torch fitted with a contact tip.

'Ii!' into the supply mechanism via a flexible guide hose that feeds the melt electrode into the welding zone. The supply mechanism includes a gear box mounted in the case and driven by a drive motor, and the supply mechanism further includes a rotating roll for advancing the melt electrode along its feeding axis. In an arc welding apparatus in which the rolls are connected to a shaft of a drive motor and are firmly fixed to the shaft, each of the feed rolls of the feed mechanism is formed as a cylinder with a number of starting threads formed on its outer surface. The gearbox of the feed mechanism rotates the feed rolls in the same direction on their axes, the leads of which are similar to the threaded leads of the twisted electrode being formed. 0 gear system, the first gear system comprising two driven members each firmly fixed to the end of the shaft of the transport roll on the same side Kk from the transport roll; a drive member kinematically coupled to the shaft of the drive motor; further, the gearbox rotates both feed rollers in synchronization with the rotation of the twisted electrode feed shaft; comprising a second gear device;
This second gearing #'i has a driven member loosely attached to the end of the shaft of the feed roll on the same side from the feed roll, and a driven member of this second gearing as well as the drive motor. a drive member kinematically coupled to the shaft, the contact tip further comprising a contact insert with an internal contact passageway, the surface of which is formed with a number of starting threads to provide an opening. A device is provided, characterized in that the diameter, pitch and number of these openings are dependent on the diameter, pitch and number of the openings of the twisted electrode formed passing through the contact tip.

Apparatus F proposed here for carrying out the above arc welding method
i. Twisting a small number of electrode wires simultaneously to form a single twisted threaded electrode and feeding this electrode in the desired direction along the flexible Guy F hose solely by the feeding mechanism. During electrode feeding, the feeding mechanism gradually rotates the twisted electrode, thereby applying a considerable pressing force to the electrode along the flexible guide hose without significant deformation of the surface of the electrode in progress. can give. This makes it possible for similar hoses of known welding devices with a single feeding mechanism to feed twisted electrodes at a constant speed along a fairly long guide hose.

In one embodiment of the arc welding apparatus of the present invention.

The contact tip Fi of the welding torch further comprises a further casing which surrounds the contact insert and to which a resilient member is attached, which is attached to one of the contact inserts. contacts the end of the electrode, applies a force in nine directions along the feed axis of the electrode, and presses the thread of the contact passage of the contact insert onto the helical surface of the electrode.

If an elastic member is used for the contact tip of the welding torch, which applies a force in the direction along the feeding axis of the twisted weld electrode, it will be possible to avoid the helical surface of the twisted weld electrode and the contact tip of the welding torch. Backlash between the tip and the contact insert can be tolerated. This is unavoidable due to the inherent wear of the contact insert during operation of the device.

In a further embodiment of the arc welding device of the invention, the contact tip of the welding torch further comprises a further casing, which casing encloses a contact insert with an external thread formed on its outer surface, and a casing A thread is formed on the inner surface of the contact insert, the diameter and lead of which are equal to the diameter and lead of the outer thread of the contact insert, respectively, and engage the outer thread of the contact insert.

The threads formed on the outer surface of the contact insert and the corresponding threads provided on the inner surface of the casing surrounding the contact insert allow the said insert to be attached to the helical surface of the twisted electrode. By selectively presetting the force for pressing the thread of the contact passage within a wide range, the backlash mentioned in 3 above can be eliminated. The use of the pressing means will be explained in detail below.

An external thread on the contact insert of the contact tip and a thread on the inner surface of the casing of the contact tip that engages the external thread.
It is formed with a smaller lead than the threaded lead of the internal contact passageway of the contact insert.

By forming the external threads of the contact insert and the threads of the casing of the contact tip that are engaged with these leads, the magnitude of the upper pressing force can be preset more accurately and smoothly. can do.

These and other advantages and features of the invention will be understood from the detailed description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

The attached drawings schematically show the idea of the present invention and are only for explaining the present invention, and do not show the dimensions of the constituent elements of the arc welding device proposed herein or the dimensional relationships between these elements. There are no restrictions imposed on etc.

Like elements are designated by the same reference numerals in the various accompanying drawings.

4 The arc welding method according to the present invention is configured as follows.

Before welding, a solid uninsulated electrode wire 2 is inserted into the supply mechanism 1 (FIG. 1) of the welding device.

For example, five such wires are shown in FIG. 1, and the feed mechanism is then activated. By actuation of the feed mechanism 1, the melt electrode 3 is fed along the flexible guide hose 4 and into the combustion zone of the welding arc 7 via the contact tip 5 of the welding torch 6. After a suitable voltage is supplied via a line 10 connected to the contact tip 5 and connected to the nine twins 9 and the workpiece 8 to be welded, the workpiece 80
When the melt electrode 3 comes into contact with the surface, the welding arc 7 hits the surface. After being hit by the welding arc 7, the metal of the welding electrode 3 and the work piece 8 begins to melt, and the welding torch 6 is moved to the work piece 80.
When you move it in a given path on the surface.

A weld 11 is formed.

According to the method of the invention, the feeding of the melt electrode 3 into the zone of the welding arc 7 and the melt forming process of forming this twisted bundled melt electrode from the electrode wire 2 are combined, The melt electrode 3Fi is formed by twisting the electrode wire 2 during feeding, and the twisted melt 1i3tl continues to perform a spiral rotational movement along the feeding axis at 9. Each wire 2 is caused to travel the same path and enter the zone of the welding arc 7 at the same point.

The electrode wire 2 is twisted by the eagle on its feeding shaft - this is done until a plastic deformation occurs - so that the twisted electrode 3 takes the form of an elongated multi-thread screw, and the screw has a large number of thread starts determined by the number of 20 external electrode wires forming its thread or helical surface. In the method proposed here.

The required speed for feeding the twisted melt electrode 3 into the zone of the welding arc 7 is determined from the following relationship.

v = p ・ " ・ n However, V is the feeding speed tm/min of the twisted electrode wire 11i3, p is the helical lead km & which twists the electrode wire 2, " is the twisted nine electrode wire 3 is the number of rotations per minute performed, and n is the number of external electrode wires to be twisted (20).

It will be clear to those skilled in the art that the arc welding method proposed herein may be carried out by forming a twisted melt electrode 3 with any suitable number of electrode wires 2, two or more. In this case, when forming the twisted electrode 3 with a plurality of electrode wires 2, for example, five or more electrode wires 2, these wires are arranged in layers in the melt electrode 3 (as seen in the cross section of the melt electrode 3), and the wires distributed in the outer layer are 2 - here referred to as outer wire 2 or external wire 2 - alone can form the helical surface of the melt electrode. Furthermore, the twisted melt electrode 3 may be formed by electrode wires 2 of the same diameter or by electrode wires 2 of different diameters.
However, in the latter case, the twisted electrode 3
The outer wires 2 of the wire bundle forming the helical surface must be of the same diameter.

A specific embodiment 7 of the arc welding method proposed here will be described below, in which welding was carried out under various welding conditions using twisted melt electrodes 3 formed by various numbers of electrode wires 2. , and various lengths indicate suitable uses for the idle hose 4.

8 Example 1 A melt electrode 3 (Fig. 1) f made of two twisted electrode wires 2 with a diameter of 1.01111 made of low-alloy steel is applied to the welding zone of the workpiece 8 using the arc welding method described above. I sent it in. Work piece 8Fi is thus also made of low-alloy steel and represents an element of the superstructure installation of a dry cargo ship. A general welding rectifier with flat voltage-current characteristics was used as a power source for the welding arc 7. The welding zone was shielded with carbon dioxide. The arc welding process was carried out under the following conditions.

- The lead for twisting the polarization wire was set to 3rm.

- The rotational speed of the electrode being twisted around the feed axis was 833.5 rpm.

- The speed at which the twisted melt electrode is fed into the welding zone is set to 5 m/min.

-The welding current was set to 200^.

- The arc voltage was set to 21V.

- Welding speed was 0.5 m/min.

Under these conditions, the welding process was stable and the welds 11 formed at various spatial locations fully met all the requirements imposed on welds made in a carbon dioxide atmosphere.

Example 2 A melt electrode 3 made by twisting two electrode wires 2 with a diameter of 1.8 mm made of low-alloy steel was fed into the welding zone of the temporary workpiece based on the above idea. The arc welding process was conducted under the following conditions.

- Six leads are used to twist the electrode wire.

- The rotational speed of the electrode being twisted around the feed axis was 691.6 rpm.

- The speed of feeding the twisted electrode into the welding zone is 8.51
I made it 17 minutes.

- Welding current was set to 500A.

- The arc voltage was set to 42V.

- The welding speed was set to 0.5rILZ.

Under these conditions, the welding process was stable and the weld 11 made in a carbon dioxide atmosphere fully complied with all the requirements imposed in this case.

In the case of example, a melt electrode 3 consisting of three twisted electrode wires 2 of diameter 6.0 mm made of low-alloy steel was fed to the welding zone of a hull element based on the above concept. This weld zone was shielded with silicon-manganese flux. The arc welding process was performed under the following conditions F.

- Use 301IlI as the lead for twisting the electrode wire.

- The rotation speed of the electrode being twisted in the groove of the feed shaft was 20 rpm.

- The speed of feeding the twisted electrode into the welding zone is 1.2
m/min.

-The welding current was set to 4200^.

- The arc voltage was set to 24V.

-Welding speed was set to 5 ml/min.

A nine-power welding rectifier specially designed for high-speed welding was used as a power source for the welding arc.

Even under these welding conditions, the welding process is stable and the weld 1 thus formed meets all the requirements imposed on welds obtained by submerged arc welding.

When using the arc welding method according to the invention, welding can be carried out at various spatial locations of the resulting weld and at considerable distances from the feed mechanism 1. Compared to the general arc welding method, the flexibility of the melt electrode 3 and the id hose 4
, the method according to the invention increases the length of such a hose by a factor of 2 to 10, and in some cases more.
It can be made longer. This length depends on the structure of the flexible hose 4 and its material, and is a function of the total cross-sectional area of the twisted electrode 3, its configuration 'fM, the number of pole wires 20 and the material of these wires. Furthermore, the arc welding method proposed here requires a twisted welding electrode 3 whose total cross-sectional area is 1.5 to 2 times larger than in the known method, assuming the flexibility of the id hose 4 is kept the same. can be supplied.

Specific examples of the arc welding method according to the present invention are listed below.
ciT! It will be explained how the length of the id hose 4 can be extended by the l@ property.

2 Example 4 The flexibility of the general structure in the known arc welding method is such that the hose 4 is a single-electrode all-leopard with a diameter of about 1.41111 mm.
Ensure stable electrode feed when feeding into the welding zone over a distance of 5 m.

Using the welding method proposed here, a twisted melt electrode 3 is formed with two electrode wires 2 with a diameter of 1.0 mm so that its cross-sectional area is approximately equal to that of a single electrode with a diameter of 1.4 mm. death,
When this melt electrode is fed through a flexible hose, if the speed at which this twisted melt electrode 3 is fed into the zone of the welding arc 7 is stable or high, the flexibility will double the length of the idle hose 4. be able to.

Example 5 A melt electrode 3 made by twisting two electrode wires 2 with a diameter of 1.8 m was fed into the zone of the welding arc 7. In this case, the melt electrode 3
The flexibility can be adjusted to the length e14 of the idle hose 4 without affecting the stability of the speed of feeding the welding arc into the welding arc 70 zone.
1 tl (i.e., 4 times compared to the conventional delivery of a single electrode) i.

Example 6 A melt electrode 3 made by twisting five electrode wires 2 with a diameter of 2.0 mm is supplied along a wire hose 4 over a distance of 35 m,
The welding arc was introduced into zone 7 at a stable speed. However, no significant deterioration in the flexibility of the ID hose 4 was observed.

The arc welding method according to the present invention provides a welded portion 11 (
This can be done in a conventional manner to adjust the dimensions 'fe' of the welding process (Fig. 1), by changing the welding speed or by adjusting the electrical 74' of the welding process. This can be achieved by changing the welding current and voltage of the welding arc 7, or by changing the position of the twisted electrode 3 with respect to the weld zone 11, i.e. by mechanical adjustment. According to the method proposed herein, a twisted melt electrode 3 formed of two electrode wires 2 which during its feeding continues to perform a rotational movement around its feeding axis along said axis. Adjustment of the dimensions of the welded part 11 obtained by using the welding method is to adjust the direction of the end face 12 of the melt electrode 3 in the zone of the welding arc 7 by aligning the direction of the end face 12 of the melt electrode 3 with the feeding axis of the melt within a plane passing through the end face 12. This is done by varying the longitudinal axis of the section 11.

In one embodiment of mechanical adjustment of weld 110 dimensions,
End face 1 of the twisted melt electrode 3 in the zone of the welding arc 7
The above operation of changing the direction of the melt electrode 2 with respect to the longitudinal axis of the welding part 11 within a plane perpendicular to the feeding axis of the melt electrode 3
, i.e. the length of the part of the electrode 3 between its point of discharge from the contact tip 5 and the end face 12, within ±0.5 of the helical lead of the longitudinal profile of the electrode. It is carried out by

In particular, according to this embodiment of the invention, the dimensions of the weld 11 are adjusted as follows. Given the welding variables, the twisted welding electrode 3 is forced into the welding arc 7 during the welding process in order to obtain a weld 11 with maximum penetration into the metal of the workpiece 8 and minimum width. Welded part 11 in the zone of
A line connecting the centers of the ends of the two wires 2 constituting the melt electrode 3 is arranged along the longitudinal axis of the welding part 11. The arrangement in this case of the twisted electrode 3 is clearly shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4.

FIG. 2 has a twisted electrode with a helical lead T and an extension 81 to the contact tip 5. FIG.

In the cross-section of the twisted electrode 3 shown in FIG. The line shown has the same orientation as a similar line connecting the center of the wire 2 at the end face 2 of the electrode 3, and therefore, for simplicity of explanation and for ease of understanding, The orientation of the end face 12 of is further characterized by the position of this line.

When the extension B1 of the twisted melt electrode 3 is set as shown in FIG. 2 and the position of the wire is as shown in FIG. 3, the resulting weld 11 is as shown in FIG. (the longitudinal axis of the weld 11 in FIG. 4 is perpendicular to the plane of the accompanying drawing). The weld 11 is of minimum width and is designated Wl.

6. When it is desired to obtain a welded part 11 that minimizes melt penetration into the work piece 80 and maximizes its width, the length of the twisted melt electrode 3 is shortened by half of the lead T. This is achieved by simply raising and lowering the contact point 7''5 or the entire welding torch 6 relative to the work piece 8 by an amount corresponding to half the lead T of the melt electrode 3. Figure, 6th
As shown in FIGS. FIG. 5 shows a twisted melt electrode 3 with the same lead T as above and a new short extension B2 obtained by lowering the welding torch 6. In this case, the wire shown in FIG. 6 is arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the weld 11 shown in FIG. A weld with a maximum medium W2 and minimum penetration depth is formed, reducing the concentration of heat input along the longitudinal axis of the weld.

When the extension of the twisted melt electrode 3 is changed by an amount less than half of the lead T of the melt electrode 3, it is possible to obtain an intermediate value for the width W and penetration depth of the weld portion 11 described above. can.

A specific example of mechanically adjusting the dimensions of weld 11 is described below. This mechanical adjustment is performed by changing the length of the twisted melt electrode 3 according to the arc welding method of the present invention.

Example 7 A melt electrode 3 made by twisting two steel electrode wires 2 with a diameter of 4+a+0 was supplied while being rotated toward a welding spot on a workpiece made of low-alloy steel. A similar line connecting the wire and the center of the end of the electrode wire 2 is the welding part 1
1 along the longitudinal axis. A general welding rectifier with flat voltage-current characteristics was used as a power source for the welding arc 7. The arc welding process was carried out under the following conditions.

-The welding current was set to 1200^.

- The arc voltage was set to 32V.

- Welding speed was 100 m/hour.

- Silicon-manganese flux was used as a shielding material.

The weld 11 thus formed met all the requirements imposed on welds obtained by submerged arc welding and had the following dimensions:

- The width of the weld was 11111 mm. - The depth of welding was 7 mm.

- The height of the welding peak was 5.5 m.

Example 8 Without changing the welding conditions, the length of the twisted melt electrode 3 having the above parameters was shortened by 174 of its spiral lead T. As a result, the wire was placed at an angle of 45° to the longitudinal axis of the weld 11. The weld 11 obtained upon completion of the weld met all the requirements imposed on welds obtained by submerged arc welding, in this case having the following dimensions:

- The width of the weld was 17 m.

-The melting depth was 5.5m@ - The height of the welding peak was 2.5 wm.

Example 9 Under the same welding conditions as above, the length of the twisted melt electrode 3 with the above 79 rammeter 9 is calculated by its helical lead T.
I shortened it by another 1/4. As a result, the wire is welded part 1
1. A friend placed perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of 1.

The weld 1.1 obtained upon completion of the weld met all the requirements imposed on welds obtained by submerged arc welding, but compared to the two previous examples, its width was larger and its The penetration depth was quite small.

That is, -The width of the welded part is 21mm.

- The penetration depth was 4.51111.

- The height of the welding peak is 2 m. In another embodiment in which the dimensions of the weld zone 11 (Fig. 1) are mechanically adjusted, the twisted weld electrode is moved around its feeding shaft. By rotating the welding electrode over an angle in the range of 0° to 90°, the orientation of the end face 12 of the welding electrode 3 is adjusted so that the orientation of the end face 12 of the welding electrode 3 is in the plane perpendicular to the feeding axis of the welding electrode 3 in the zone of the welding arc 7. relative to the longitudinal axis of section 11.

In particular, the dimensions of the weld 11 are adjusted as follows according to this embodiment. Given the welding parameters 0, the twisted electrode 3 welds the weld in the zone of the welding arc 7 in order to obtain a weld 11 with maximum penetration into the metal of the workpiece 8 and minimum width. 11, such that the line connecting the centers of the ends of the two wires 2 forming the melt electrode 3 is placed along this longitudinal axis. In this case, the twisted electrode 3 The location of is shown in Figures 8 and 9.
This is clearly shown in FIG. Figure 8 shows a twisted melt electrode 3 with a lead T and a length sl. If the position of the twisted melt electrode 3 with respect to the work piece 8 is as shown in Figure 8, then the line If the arrangement is as shown in Fig. 9, the resulting welded part 11 will have a cross section as shown in Fig. 10 (the longitudinal axis of the welded part 11 in Fig. 10 is the cross section of the attached drawing). ), the weld 11 is perpendicular to W
The minimum width is indicated by l.

When it is necessary to obtain a weld 11 with minimum weld penetration into the metal of the workpiece 8 and maximum width, the twisted weld 3 is inserted into the rotation of the infeed shaft. rotated through an angle of 90°. This is accomplished simply by rotating the welding torch 6 clockwise or counterclockwise. This embodiment is illustrated in FIGS. 11, 12 and 13.

FIG. 11 shows a twisted electrode 3 with the same helix 1 J −r T and extension length 61 as above, but with respect to the electrode position shown in FIG. It has been rotated 90 degrees. In this case, the line shown in FIG. 12 is drawn in the same way as in the previous embodiment for adjusting the size of the weld 11, i.e. on the longitudinal axis of the weld 11 shown in FIG. A weld 11 is obtained which is located directly and thus has a maximum medium W2 and a minimum penetration depth.

When the twisted melt electrode 3 is rotated around its feeding axis after twisting to an intermediate angle value in the range of 0° to 90°, the width W of the welded part 11 and the weld penetration depth reach the intermediate values. can be obtained.

An embodiment in which the dimensions of the welded part 11 are adjusted fundamentally,
A specific embodiment will be described below in which the arc welding method proposed here is carried out by rotating the twisted melt electrode 3 around its feeding shaft.

Example 10 Two steel electrode wires 2 with a diameter of 4 mm were twisted together, and a welding electrode was supplied while being rotated toward a welding switch of a work piece of low-alloy steel. so that it is placed along the A general welding rectifier with flat current-voltage characteristics was used as a power source for the welding arc 7. The arc welding process was carried out under the following conditions.

-Welding current was 1200^.

- The welding voltage was 32V.

- Welding speed was 100 m/h.

- Used as a silicon-manganese flux t-s shield.

The weld 11 thus formed meets all the requirements imposed on welds obtained by submerged arc welding,
The main dimensions were as follows.

- The width of the acid junction was 135 m.

- The depth of the welding was 7m.

- The height of the weld bead was 5.3 m.

441 (Example 11) Without changing the welding conditions and without changing the extension length of the twisted melt electrode 3 with the above parameters, this melt electrode is attached to the welding part 1.
1 through an angle of 45° with respect to the longitudinal axis, so that the wire was placed at an angle of 45° with respect to this longitudinal axis. Welded part obtained upon completion of welding] 1 met all the requirements allowed for a welded part obtained by submerged arc welding, and the dimensions in this case were as follows.

- There were 17 welding depths.

- The penetration depth was 5.51111.

- The height of the weld bead was 2.5 sa.

Example 12 Under the same welding conditions, a twisted electrode 3 with the same parameters was rotated through an angle of 90° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the weld 11. As a result, 9
placed at an angle of 0°.

The weld 11 obtained upon completion of the welding met all four requirements imposed on welds obtained by submerged arc welding, but it was wider and Its penetration depth and weld bead height were smaller. That is, - The width of the welded part was 21m+11. The depth of the knee welding was 4.5 m.

-The height of the weld ♂-de was 2■.

Thus, the above-described embodiments of mechanically adjusting the weld dimensions achieve similar results and provide an effective influence on the weld dimensions. For example, the adjustment coefficient for the width of the welded portion in the above embodiments is 1.5 or more in both embodiments. Examples of these mechanical adjustments are hour wheels, which are particularly valuable when welding joints that are relatively inaccessible in various spatial positions, and which are Particularly suitable for adjusting welding equipment both during welding.

Now, FIG. 14 shows an apparatus for carrying out the arc welding method according to the present invention. This device is installed in a shipyard and serves for the semi-automatic welding of various components of a ship's hull made of low-alloy steel, and is connected by a flexible guy hose 4 to a welding torch 6. A supply mechanism 1 is provided. The supply mechanism includes a single casing 13, in which an electric drive motor 14 with a shaft 15, two gears including two gears are mounted on a gear 16 and two shafts 18a and 18b, respectively. Two feed rolls 17a and 17b are accommodated therein, and the shafts 18a and 18b are connected to the shaft 5 of the drive motor 14 via the gear device. The feeding roll 17 works to advance the twisted melt electrode 3 along the feeding axis indicated by X.

The first gearing of the gearbox 16, which rotates the supernumerary rolls in the same direction on their axes, comprises a drive member exhibiting a cup-shaped element, which is provided with an axial through-hole 21. a central cylindrical projection extending outward;
It has two circular tooth rows. One of the outer tooth rows 22
are formed on the outer surface of this member, and the other inner toothing 23 is formed on its inner surface. Also, this gear device has 2
The two driven members 24a and 24b4, which are similar to the drive member 19), also exhibit small diameter spur gears, which are arranged inside the drive member 19 and mesh with its inner toothing 23, and which are arranged on the inside of the drive member 19 and mesh with its inner toothing 23, and 17b, and the driven members 24 are located on the same side from the feed roll 17 as shown.

The central protrusion 20 of the drive member 19 is mounted on a sleeve bearing 25 press-fitted into a hole 26, which hole 26 is formed in the underside of the casing 13 (as seen in the drawings) 9 and whose axis It coincides with the entry axis X. Therefore, the drive member 19 can perform rotational movement by turning this feeding shaft X.

The drive member 19 is connected to the drive motor 14 via an intermediate spur gear 27.
The spur gear 27 is attached to the shaft 15 and meshes with the outer toothing 22 of the drive member 19. Driving member 19, driven member 2
The mutual arrangement in the engagement plane of 4 and intermediate spur gear 277 is shown in FIG.
It is shown in a cross section along the -xv line.

Therefore, when the drive member 19 of the first gear device of the gear box J6 rotates due to the above-mentioned coupling, the feed roll 1
7 (Fig. 14) can perform rotational movements in the same direction around their axes @ both feed rolls 17 and the melt electrode 3
The second gear system, whose gears 16 rotate synchronously about the transmission axis and a driven member 29 in the form of a spur gear meshing with the driving member 28, which member has an axial through hole 30 and two diametrically opposed holes 3]a made in its body. 31b. These holes 31a
Sleeve bearings 32a and 32b are press-fitted into the sleeve bearings 32a and 31b, and the feed roll 17a is attached to these bearings.
and 17b, each shaft 18a and 18b is loosely attached. The arrangement of the through holes 31 in the driven member 29 and the mutual arrangement of the driving member 28 and the driven member 29 in the plane of engagement are shown in FIG. 14 is shown in a cross section along the line XVI-X%l of FIG.

The end of the shaft 18 (FIG. 14) opposite the portion attached to the bearing 32 is loosely coupled to the disc 33, and these ends of the shafts 18a and 18b are mounted in sleeve bearings in the body of the disc 330. 34
a and a4b), these sleeve bearings are fitted in holes 35a each made diametrically in this disc.
and a5b. Needless to say, these holes 35 are located the same distance from the axis of the disk 33 as the holes 31 of the driven member 29. The shafts 1B of the feeding rolls 17 are attached at one end to the driven member 29 and at their other end to the disc 33, so that the driven member 29 and the disc 33 form a single unit. A central cylindrical protrusion 36 having an axial through hole 371r is formed in the disks 3, 3, and this protrusion is attached to the sleeve bearing 38.Bearing 38
is press-fitted into a through hole 39 made in the upper part of the casing 13 (as viewed from the flAl rotation), and its large axis coincides with the above-mentioned feeding axis X. Therefore, since the disc 33 and the driven member 29 are coupled in a unitary structure by the shaft 18 of the feed roll 17 and whose axis is coincident with the feed reduction axis X, the gear When the drive disk 28 of the two-gear device rotates, the feed roll 1
7 can perform rotational movement synchronously around the -F axis.

It will be clear to those skilled in the art that the gearbox 16 of the feeding mechanism 1 is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein. Thus, for example, a gear arrangement with 16 gears may alternatively be constructed with other types of gears. Furthermore, other drive devices using interlocking or friction drive devices can be used instead of a gear drive device, but the drive device used can be used to rotate the rolls 17 around their axes. The gears that must be rotated simultaneously in the same direction at the same time and rotated in synchronization at the required speed at the rotation of the multi-feed axis X are the gears 1
The 6 king operating principles must remain intact.

Each feed roll 17 has a lal contact groove 4 whose @ surface is semicircular.
In the form of 0, it presents a cylinder with a number of starting threads formed on the surface. This number of starting threads 11 is equal to the thread lead of the twisted electrode 3 to be formed. The number of starts in a number of starting threads must be fc different for each particular case and basically depends on the diameter of the roll 17, the diameter of the electrode wire 2 and the twist to be formed. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that the helical angle of the melt electrode 3 is determined by the helical angle of the melt electrode 3. The feed rolls 17 are mounted with a gap 41 between their circumferential surfaces, the width of which is determined by the total diameter of the helical electrode 3, which gap allows the helical threads of these rolls to cause the electrode 3 to move ]I! It is made to be rolled up into two rolls.

In the upper part (as seen in the drawing) of the casing 13 (FIG. 14) of the supply mechanism 1, there is a central cylindrical projection 3 of the disk 33.
An introduction bushing 42 is mounted on top of 6.

This lead-in bushing 420 through hole 43, which serves to pass the electrode wire 2 into the feed mechanism 1 and whose axis coincides with the feed axis (Fig. 18) is formed. These grooves 44 prevent the electrode wire 2 passing through the lead-in bushing 42 from being displaced in the bore 43 relative to the axis of this bushing. The number of id grooves 44 is equal to the number of electrode wires used to form the twisted electrode 3.

Furthermore, the guide bushing 42 has a guide #44'f! for each electrode wire 2. : instead of the through-holes 43, it may also be formed as a cylinder with individual guide through-holes 45 (FIG. 19), which holes 45 are formed in this cylindrical body around its axis and relative to its axis. The number of angularly arranged holes 45 is also equal to the number of electrode wires 2 used. Generally, in the simplest case, the through hole 43 (FIG. 214) of the lead-in bushing 42 may be formed as a slot with a width corresponding to the diameter of the electrode wire 2 passing through this bushing.

Therefore, since the axis of the hole 43 of the introduction bushing 42, the axial through hole 30 of the driven member 29, and the axial through hole 21 of the drive member 19 are aligned along the feed axis X, the above The holes form an integral passage of the feeding mechanism 1. The electrolytes 3 that enter this passage as individual electrode wires 2 emerge from this passage as one twisted electrolyte.

Lower part of casing 13 of supply mechanism 1 (see attached drawing)
is connected to a flexible guide hose 4 of the general type, which is provided with a central through hole 47 and which feeds the twisted electrode 3 towards the welding spot via an adapter 46; The diameter of the through hole corresponds to the diameter of the axial hole 21 of the drive member 19 and its axis coincides with the feed axis. The flexible guide hose 4 presents a tightly wound steel wire coil of round or square cross-section, and the guide hose has a casing which prevents the coil from stretching longitudinally, and an outer surface thereof. and a protective sheath coaxially disposed on the. When the diameter of the wire 2 forming the twisted electrolyte 3 is about 2w1, the length of the flexible hose 4 can be 55 m.

The flexible hose 4 is connected at its other end to a welding torch 6 to which a contact tip 5 is attached. According to the invention, the contact tip 5 comprises a contact insert 48 with an internal contact passage 49, said passage 490
A large number of starting threads are formed on the surface, and the diameter, lead and number of the starting threads are the same as the diameter, lead and number of the starting thread of the twisted melt electrode 3 formed by the feeding mechanism 1 and passing through the above-mentioned hose. Each number is equal to the number.In the device discussed here,
The number of groove starts in the contact channel 49 is three, as in the case of the twisted electrode 3. The shape of the contact passage 49 is clearly shown in FIGS. 20 and 21. FIG. 20 shows a longitudinal section of the insert 48 in a plane passing through the axis of this insert 48), and FIG. 21 shows a cross section of the contact insert 48. In other words, the helical surface of the contact passage 49 is the same as the helical surface of the twisted melt electrode 3. Such a profile of the contact channel 49 is only possible if the twisted electrode 3 passing through the contact tip 5 continues to perform a rotational movement.

FIG. 22 shows a contact insert for a contact tip of the type described above (end view), the contact insert of FIG. The contact insert of FIG. 22b is used when formed with three electrode wires, and the contact insert of FIG. 22c is used when formed with seven electrode wires.

In the embodiment of the contact tip 5 shown in No. 141.1, this tip is provided with a cylindrical casing 50, which surrounds the contact insert 48, which can be displaced along its wall. A resilient member 51 is attached to the casing 50 and constitutes a cylindrical compression spring attached to the casing by a washer 52 attached to the wall of the casing. Bullet 5 The forceful member 51 contacts the end of the contact insert 48 and thus exerts a force directed along the feeding axis of the twisted electrode, forcing the thread of the contact passage 49 against the helical surface of the electrode.

In the embodiment of the contact tip 5 shown in FIG.
This chip also has a cylindrical case 5 surrounding the contact insert 48.
0. However, in this case an external thread 53 is formed on the outer surface of the contact insert 48 which contacts the inner surface of the casing 50. The casing 50 also has a thread 54 formed on its inner surface, the diameter and lead of which are equal to the diameter and IJ-P of the outer thread 53 of the contact insert 48, respectively. engage.

The threads 53 and the thread pitch are selected to be smaller than the thread pitch of the internal contact passage 49 of the contact insert 48 (in other words, the pitch of the helical surface of the threaded electrode 3).
selected to be small.

The apparatus for carrying out the entire arc welding method proposed herein operates as follows.

Before performing welding and before operating the supply mechanism 1 (FIG. 146), each electrode wire 201 section is pulled out from a reel (not shown) and their ends are passed through the introduction bushing 420 through hole 43. . Next, the end of the electrode wire 2 is inserted into the axial through hole 37 of the cylindrical projection 36 of the disk 330.
and insert it into the gap 41 between the excess rolls 17a and 17b. After that, the drive motor 14 with gear 16
Turn on.

As the shaft 15 of the drive motor 14 rotates, the drive gear member 28 and gear 27 attached to this shaft begin to rotate.

When the driving member 28 incorporated in the second gear device of the gearbox 16 rotates, the driven member 29 meshing with it rotates.
, and the disk 33 and feed roll 17 that are integrally connected to this driven member 29 also begin to rotate around the multi-axis X. In this case, as shown in FIG. 16, when the driving member 28 rotates clockwise, the driven member 28 rotates clockwise.
9 rotates counterclockwise. Electrode wire 2 (Fig. 14)
is not displaced in this axial hole 43 with respect to the axis of the axial hole 43 of the lead-in bushing 42 which coincides with the feed axis X, and the end of the electrode wire 2 is located in the gap 41 between the feed rolls 17. When the disk 33 rotates, the wire 2 is twisted at f+ln in the section between the lead-in bushing 42 and the feed roll 17 to form the melt electrode 3.

At the same time, the rotation of the ear 27 whose gear is incorporated in the first gear device of the gearbox 16 is transmitted to the drive member 19 . As the drive member 19 rotates, the driven member 24, which is in mesh with its inner toothing 23 and which is attached to the shaft 18 of the feed roll 17, also begins to rotate, causing the supernumerary roll 17 to rotate on its axis. rotate around in the same direction. in this case,
As shown in FIG. 15, when the gear 27 rotates clockwise, the driving member 19 rotates counterclockwise and the driven member 24 also rotates counterclockwise. The supernumerary rolls 17 (FIG. 14) having a large number of starting threads on their sides screw the 4-pole wire 2 into the gap 41 between their circumferential surfaces by rotating on their own axes. , and push these wires out of this gap as a twisted electrode 3,
Continuing to perform complex rotational movements together with the electrode.

Therefore, from the above explanation, the second gearing device of the gear box 16, which connects the driving part 28 and the driven member 29, rotates the feed roll 7 about one part of the feed shaft, and thus the wire 2 to form the melt electrode 3, while the first ear device of the gearbox 16, including the drive member 19 and the cedar drive member 24, rotates the feed rolls 17 about their axes and thus Electrode 3 being twisted
send in the required direction. The function of the gearbox 16 is somewhat similar to the operation of known planetary gear systems, with member 19 acting as a sun gear and member 24 acting as a planetary gear;
The member 29 acts as a planetary carrier.

The twisted melt electrode 3 that performs a spiral motion is moved by the feed roll 17
After exiting from the gap 41 between the holes 30 along the overfill axis
, 23 and 47 one after another and enters the flexible guide hose 4. After passing through this guide hose, the twisted melt electrode 3 enters the contact tip 5 of the welding torch 6, in particular the contact passage 49 of the contact insert 48, and the twisted melt electrode 3 enters this helical passage 49. At most points on the outer surface of the electrode (of course,
(in one section equal to the length of the passageway 49) ensures sliding contact with the inner surface of this passageway. The reliability of the electrical contact between the contact insert 48 and the twisted melt electrode 3 is also ensured by applying a constant force oriented along the feeding axis of the melt electrode 3 to force the helical surface of the contact passage 49 into the melt electrode. This is also ensured by the action of the elastic member 51 that presses against the spiral surface of.

The threaded connection formed by the external thread 53 of the contact insert 48 and the internal thread 54 of the casing 50 surrounding this insert also has the same effect as the elastic member 51 @in this embodiment, the transport of the melt electrode 3 The pressing force of plowing along the plowing axis is
During the 30 rotations of the melt electrode, the contact insert 48 was damaged.
The specific relationship of hII between the lead of the threaded connection and the threaded lead of the contact insert is ensured by the self-tightening effect of the screw connection such that it is fixed relative to the fixed casing 50. The specific operating conditions of the tip 5 are selected based on the diameter and length of the idle hose 4 (Fig. m14) and the threaded electrode 3, etc.

It should be noted, however, that no particular means of pressing the electrode 3 against the contact tip 5 may be required.

The inner diameter of the hose 4 is always slightly larger than the maximum diameter of the twisted electrode 3, which is important as a normal condition for passing the electrode 3f through this hose. For this reason, and also because when using a sufficiently long electrode 3 and hose 4, the electrode 3 is supported against the threads of the contact insert 48 of the contact tip 5, so that the electrode 3 is with a wavy profile, i.e. in this case hose 4
It is arranged in the hose 4 such that the length of the melt electrode 3 inside is always slightly larger than the length of this hose.

If this difference in length is greater than the pitch of the helical surface of the twisted electrode 3, the elasticity generated by this wavy twisted electrode 3 presses the electrode 3 against the surface of the contact insert 48 for a long time. This will be sufficient to provide the required force and therefore no additional pressing means will be required. An example of this case is manual welding or semi-automatic welding.

When a relatively short idle hose 4 and a twisted welding electrode 3 are used, such as in the case of automatic welding, when the above-mentioned length difference is larger than the IJ-) of the twisted welding electrode 3, or It is necessary to use the above-mentioned pushing means when the thin Vi melt electrode 3 does not become wavy at all. This is because the friction causes violent wear during the operation of the contact tip 5, so that the twisted Vi electrode 3 does not become corrugated at all. This is because pack lashes appear in the screw pair formed by the I-pole 3 and the contact insert 48, which deteriorates the electrical contact of this screw pair and thus disturbs the entire welding process.

The question of whether to use a particular forcing means is therefore determined based on the purpose, construction and application of the welding equipment. Since the contact passage 49 has a helical shape, when a pressing means is used, the inherent wear of its back surface becomes very large. This wear is allowed to the point where a semblance of a helical surface exists and performs its intended function. The useful life of the contact tip 5 with such a structure is twice as long as that of a conventional contact tip. I/'i, for various uses of arc welding, especially when arc welding is carried out under conditions of mass production, it is necessary to stop the entire production line to replace worn out tips, which in turn increases production costs. This is extremely important when the number of people increases.

The arc welding method and device according to the present invention exhibits the following effects over known methods and devices.

First, in the method of the present invention, the action of sending a bundle of melt electrodes and the action of twisting all the electrode wires to form a single melt electrode and causing it to continue rotating are combined into one action. By using this principle, there is no need for a special and complicated device for twisting the electrode wire and feeding the twisted electrode separately, as in the past.

The method proposed here provides good conditions for pushing the twisted melt electrode into the guide hose by having a large contact area between the feeding Schnitt and the melt electrode being fed, thereby increasing the force pushing the melt electrode into the hose. becomes very large. This allows the problem of devising a weld # with a large working radius of the welding torch to be successfully solved using only a push-type feed mechanism.

Father, in the method proposed here, first of all, the electrode is overloaded into the welding arc zone at a constant rate so that slip of the electrode in the feeding mechanism is completely eliminated over a wide range of welding conditions, and Secondly, the welding process is made stable by two points: the helical contact of the electrode with the tip provides a highly reliable electrical contact between the electrode and the contact tip.

Furthermore, the method proposed here allows the use of substantially large-section twisted electrodes with a total cross-sectional area of up to 150 U2, and welding currents of 60 DOA or more (depending on the cross-sectional area of the electrode). Furthermore, it is possible to carry out welding at speeds of over 1000 m/hr, thus providing a substantial improvement in welding speeds (particularly for welding carried out in relatively inaccessible spots). In the method of the invention.

Gas-shielded arc welding and submerged welding of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and various alloys based on these metals can be carried out, with edges prepared in a standard manner for all common welding processes. High quality welded joints are formed.

The method proposed here provides a very wide range of simple and effective mechanical adjustment methods as well as the general way of adjusting the dimensions of the weld.

Due to the reasonable ease of handling associated with the welding equipment, a skilled welder is not required to make such adjustments. Furthermore, the adjustment according to the method proposed here allows the control of the dimensions of the weld to be simplified and automated, and to be responsive to dimensional changes of the treated edge of the weld joint.

The device implementing the method of the invention is simple in construction, has a low specific consumption of materials and has a considerably improved service life.

All these features make it possible to fully automate the welding process and to transport a twisted weld electrode with a large cross-section down a long guide hose without affecting the flexibility of the guide hose. Welding can be carried out, and further,
Reducing the size of the welding torch can substantially expand the range of applications for automatic welding. The above size reduction is
This is achieved by placing the electrode supply mechanism in close proximity to a high capacity wire reel located at a considerable distance from the welding spot.

Certain embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described.

Various modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art), and it is therefore understood that the present invention is not limited to the above description of the arc welding method and apparatus, but that various modifications may be made within the spirit and scope of the invention. Please be careful.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a simplified diagram of a welding device for explaining the arc welding method according to the present invention, and Fig. 2 shows the mutual arrangement of the working part of the welding electrode, which is made by twisting two wires, and the workpiece. FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the present invention for adjusting the dimensions of the m-contact part; FIG. Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the weld obtained at the weld position shown in Figure 2. Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the welded part taken along the -m line. Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the melt electrode along the line ■-■ in Fig. 5; Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the weld obtained at the weld position shown in Figure 5, and Figure 8 shows the mutual arrangement of the working part of the weld made by twisting two wires and the workpiece. FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the rotation angle of another embodiment of the present invention for adjusting the dimensions of the weld. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the electrode taken along the line IX-1 in FIG. 8. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a weld obtained at the melt electrode position shown in FIG. 8. FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing the mutual arrangement of the working part of a melt electrode made by twisting two wires and a workpiece at seven different melt electrode rotation angles from that in FIG. 8; FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the melt electrode taken along the line xu-xu in FIG. 11. FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a weld obtained with the electrode position shown in FIG. 11; FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of an arc welding apparatus for carrying out the arc welding method of the present invention, and FIG.
16 is a sectional view of the second gear device of the supply mechanism taken along the line XVI-XVI in FIG. 14; FIG. 17 is a sectional view of the second gear device of the supply mechanism taken along the line W■-X■ in FIG. 14. A cross-sectional cutaway view of the feed roll of the mechanism. FIG. 18 is a sectional view of the introduction bushing of the supply mechanism taken along the line xvm -x■ in FIG. 14, and FIG. 19 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the introduction bushing of the supply mechanism shown in FIG. , FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of the contact insert of the contact tip of the welding torch taken along a plane passing through its axis, FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line χM-XXI in FIG. 14, and FIG. 23 is an end view showing a contact insert of a contact tip of a welding torch used with twisted electrodes formed of various numbers of electrode wires, and FIG. 23 is an alternative implementation of a contact insert of a contact tip of a welding torch. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the example taken along a plane passing through its axis. 1... Feeder m% 2... Electrode wire, 3... Twisted melt electrode, 5... Contact chip f, 5. ．． ．． Welding torch? ...Welding arc, 11...Welding part, 12...
・Twisted melt electrode end face, 14... Drive motor, 15・
...Shaft of the drive motor, 16...Gear box of the supply mechanism, 17...Feed roll, 18-...Shirt of the feed roll), 19...Driving member of the first gear device of the gear box, 24 ... Driven member of the first gear device of the gear box. 28... Drive member of the second gear device of the gear box, 2
9... Driven member of the second gear neck of the gear box. 48... Contact insert of the contact tip, 49... Contact passage of the contact insert, 5o... Casing of the contact insert,
51... Resilient member of the contact tip, 53... External thread of the contact insert, 54... Internal thread of the casing of the contact Mm insert. f/l;Z f/l15 f/Ii,! I f/li7 EI f/11I 屓〃 EJJ

Claims (8)

[Claims] (1) By feeding a twisted melt electrode into the zone of the welding arc, the twisted melt electrode is formed by two or more non-insulated electrode wires and exhibits a multi-thread thread, and the thread is Arc welding that has a large number of thread starting parts determined by the number of outer electrode wires forming the thread, and in which the melt electrode is fed in such a way that the dimensions of the resulting welded part can be adjusted. In the method, the twisted electrode (3
) is formed by twisting the electrode wire (2) around the feeding shaft when feeding it into the zone of the welding arc (7), and the twisted electrode (3) is twisted around the feeding shaft. performing a helical rotational movement one after another along the axis with the
Each of the electrode wires (2) of said twisted electrode (3) follows the same path and enters the zone of the welding area (7) at the same point, causing said twisted electrode (3) to pass through the welding arc ( 7
) is the speed at which it is sent to the zone. Let the feeding speed of the twisted electrode (3) be ν. Let p be the spiral lead that twists the electrode wire (2). Let r be the number of rotations per unit time of the twisted melt electrode (3), and let the number of twisted outer electrode wires (2) be 'frn. Method 0 characterized in that it is determined from the relationship v = p ・ ``en'' (2) Adjustment of the dimensions of the weld (11) obtained using a twisted weld electrode (3) formed by two electrode wires (2), in the zone of the welding arc (7) Orientation of the end surface (12) of the melt electrode (3) ′jk, the above melt electrode (3)
Claim No.
The arc welding method described in item 1). (3) In the zone of the welding arc (7), orient the end face (12) of the twisted welding electrode (3) within a plane perpendicular to the feeding axis of the twisted welding electrode (3). ) The above step #'i changing with respect to the longitudinal axis, the twisted electrode (3
) by varying within ±0.5 of the helical lead of the longitudinal profile of the electrode (3) 'fr% of the extended length of the electrode along the feed axis
The arc welding method described in section. (4) In the zone of the welding arc (7), orient the end face (12) of the twisted welding electrode (3) within a plane perpendicular to the feeding axis of the twisted welding electrode (3). 11)
The step of altering the electrode relative to its longitudinal axis is carried out by rotating the melt electrode relative to its feed axis through an angle ranging from 0° to 90°.
The arc welding method described in section. (5) A device for carrying out the arc welding method according to any one of claims (1) to (4), which device includes a welding torch to which a contact tip is attached; The welding torch is connected to a feed mechanism via a fusible guide hose that feeds the electrode into the welding zone, the feed mechanism having a gearbox mounted within the case and driven by a drive motor. further comprising the above-mentioned supply mechanism. In an apparatus in which a rotary feed roll moit,t for advancing the melt electrode along its feeding axis, said roll is fixed only to a shaft connected to the shaft of a drive motor, said feeding mechanism (1) Each of the feed rolls (17) is made as a cylinder with a number of starting threads formed on its outer surface.
B, The lead is a twisted electrode that is forming (3)
a first gearing device which rotates the gearbox (U6) of the feeding mechanism (1) in the same direction with the rotation of their shafts; , this first gear device is connected to the feed roll (17
) and two driven members (24) each firmly fixed to the end of the shaft (18) of the feed roll (17) on the same side, these driven members C24) and the drive motor (14). a drive member (19) kinematically connected to the shaft of the twisted electrode (3); a second gearing device for rotation synchronously around the feeder roll (17), the second gearing device being loosely attached to the end of the shirts 1-(18) of the feeder roll (17) on the same side from the feeder roll (17); driven member (29) of this second gear device as well as the shirt of the drive motor (14) (1
one drive member (28) kinematically coupled to the contact tip (5), furthermore said contact tip (5) has an internal contact passage (
A contact insert (48) with a diameter of 49), on whose surface a number of starting threads are formed, the diameter of these starting threads. The pitch and number are the diameter of the starting part of the formed twisted electrode (3) passing through the contact tip (5). A device characterized in that the pitch and the number of pieces are each equal. (6) The contact tip (5) of the welding torch (6) is
Furthermore, a casing ('50)f is provided, which casing surrounds the contact insert (48)i and a resilient member (51) is attached to the casing, which covers the contact insert (48). and applies a force along the feed axis of the melt electrode (3), and the thread of the contact passage (49) of the contact insert (48) (3) Claim No. (5)
). (7) The contact tip (5) of the welding torch (6) is
Furthermore, a casing (50) r is provided, which casing has a contact insert (48) formed on its periphery with an external thread (53).
and a thread (54) is formed on the inner surface of the casing, the diameter and pitch of which correspond to the diameter and pitch of the outer thread (53) of the contact insert (48), respectively; and an external thread (53) of the contact insert (48).
) Apparatus according to claim (5). (8) The outer thread (53) of the contact insert (48) of the contact tip f(5) and the inner surface of the casing (50) of the contact tip (5) that engages with this outer thread (53). Screw (5
4) A device according to claim 9, in which the internal contact passageway (49) of the contact insert (48) is formed with a smaller lead than the threaded glue.