JPS60127391A - Gasifier of jet flow layer - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To discharge the fittest slag without being influenced by kinds of coal and operating conditios, by setting a flowing water tank between a gasifying reactor and a hopper, measuring pressure difference in the water tank at three positions to find the height of slag. CONSTITUTION:Water is sent from the water feed pipe 18 to the flowing water tank 15, and the water tank 3' at the bottom of the gasifying reactor 1 is filled with water to the top. Water is circulated through the liquid cyclone 19, the water pipe 20, and the cooler 21, and the water gauge of the water tank 3' is linked to the pipe 18 to carry out control of liquid level. The gate valves 10' and 11' of the hopper 4' are closed, the waste pipe 7' is opened, the hopper 4' is charged with water from the water pipe 5', the waste pipe 7' is closed. When the hopper has the same pressure as that of the water tank 15, the water pipe 5' is closed. At this stage when a gasficiation reaction in the reactor 1 is started, the slag 14 is dropped, stored in the water tank 15, the rise in pressure difference of the pressure difference oscillators 22 and 23 is subjected to CPU treatment by the slag discharge controller 27, the height of slag layer and the amount of slag are calculated. When the slag layer reaches the set height, the slag is dropped to the hopper 4'.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Application of the Invention] The present invention relates to a spouted bed gasification apparatus for coal, and particularly to a spouted bed gasification apparatus for coal that is carried out while discharging slag produced as a by-product during gasification.

[Background of the invention]

Finely pulverized coal is heated to steam and oxygen under high temperature and pressure.
Alternatively, in the spouted bed gasification method, in which flammable gas is obtained by gasification with air, slag, i.e., molten ash made by melting the ash contained in the coal during the gasification reaction, is deposited on the walls of the gasification reactor and flows down. The slag is then cooled by dripping into a water tank through a small hole called a slag tap, and the dripping slag is allowed to settle at the bottom of the tank, and then discharged from the system through an outlet connected to the bottom of the tank. It is separated and discharged. Figure 1 is a 70-diagram showing the main parts of a conventionally used spouted bed gasifier, where l is a gasification reactor, 2 is a slag tap, 3 is a water tank at the bottom of the gasification reactor, 4 is a hopper, and 5 is a Water supply pipe, 6 is water jet pipe, 7 is drain pipe, 8.9 is valve, 1
0.11 is a partition valve, 12 is a solid-liquid separator, and 13 is a solid transporter. That is, the slag 14 is cooled and solidified in the bottom water tank 3 of the gasification reactor, settles in the hopper 4, and is then discharged.

In this case, the amount of slag discharged is sufficient as long as it matches the amount of slag that falls from the slag tap. Based on the amount of slag calculated from the adhesion rate,
The frequency of slag discharge was determined. However, with this method, if the type of coal to be treated is the same, it is possible to easily set up an automatic discharge sequence using a timer, etc. However, if the type of coal changes, the amount of ash contained in the coal changes, or the When the rate of slag adhesion in the furnace changes due to changes in conditions, it is difficult to automatically discharge the slag in an optimal manner.

[Purpose of the invention]

An object of the present invention is to provide a spouted bed gasification apparatus for coal that can optimally discharge slag regardless of the type of coal or operating conditions.

[Summary of the Invention] The present invention relates to a gasification reactor that gasifies coal to generate combustible gas, and a gasification reactor provided through a valve at the bottom of the gasification reactor to be removed from the gasification reactor. A spouted bed gasification apparatus having a hopper for temporarily storing slag generated during the process, including a fluidized water tank in which the slag falls and accumulates between the gasification reactor and the hopper, and a bottom part of the fluidized water tank. A differential pressure measuring device that measures the differential pressure between three positions at different heights; and based on the measurement results of the differential pressure measuring device, the slag in the flowing water tank is moved to the hopper using the valve. The present invention is characterized in that it has a device for causing

The coal, steam, and oxygen supplied into the gasification reactor react within the reactor, resulting in a high temperature of 1600 to 2600C.F), C0
1 Hz, C (h, etc.) and coal ash melt to form slag.The generation rate varies depending on the type of coal, and the approximate amount of slag by-product is about 6 to 50. If slag cannot be stably discharged out of the system, slag will accumulate inside the gasification reactor, making operation impossible.

The present invention makes it possible to constantly measure the amount of slag by-product in the fluidized water tank even if the amount of slag byproduct changes due to changes in the type of coal. A fluidized water tank is installed in between, water flows in from the bottom of the fluidized water tank, the differential pressure between the upper and lower sides of the fluidized water tank is measured at two locations, the slag height is measured, and the slag is automatically removed based on the measurement results. This makes it possible to achieve the intended purpose.

[Embodiments of the invention]

Figure 2 is a flow diagram of the main parts of an embodiment of the spouted bed gasifier of the present invention. The same parts as in Figure 1 are given the same reference numerals, and although the structure is almost the same, the usage is somewhat different. The parts that are marked are marked with a dash (′). Reference numeral 15 denotes a fluidizing tank provided between the bottom water tank 3' of the gasification reactor and the valve 8' at the top of the hopper 4', 16 a water jet pipe opening at the bottom of the fluidizing tank 15, 17 a water circulation pipe, and 18 a water circulating pipe. Water circulation pipe 17
19 is a hydrocyclone with an underwater solid removal filter (not shown) in the wake, 20 is a water pipe, and 21 is a circulation pump (not shown) installed in the wake. Coolers 22 and 23 are differential pressure transmitters provided between the bottom of the side wall of the fluidized water tank 15 and differential pressure outlets 24 and 25 and 26 provided at two different positions, and 27 is a differential pressure transmitter. A slag discharge control device (not shown in the detailed flowchart) that controls valves S/, 9/and others based on the measurement results of pressure transmitters 22 and 23 is shown,
5' is an auxiliary water supply pipe provided in hopper 4', and 6' is
Also shows the auxiliary water spout pipe.

The slag discharge method using this embodiment will be explained below along with its principle. Slag 14 produced as a by-product in the gasification reactor 1
is dripped from the slag tap 2 hole to the bottom water tank 3 of the gasification reactor.
’ is rapidly cooled. The rapidly cooled slag 14 is placed in flowing water 15
It settles inside the water and enters the water within 15 minutes.

The flowing water tank 15 has a water spout pipe 16 at the bottom of the flowing mountain water tank 15.
is provided, water is supplied through the water circulation pipe 17, causing a gentle flow of water from the bottom to the top, and the water jetted from the water spout pipe 16 is drawn up inside the flowing water tank 15.
It flows through the water tank 3' at the bottom of the sigasification reactor, the liquid cyclone/19, and further flows through the circulation system passing through the water pipe 20, the cooler 21, and the water circulation pipe 17.

At this time, the fluidized water tank 15 is supplied from the bottom of the fluidized water tank 15.
The upward flow velocity of the water that creates the upward flow of water within the slag should be below the terminal velocity relative to the slag particle diameter, and within a range that prevents entrainment of the slag by water. The upward flow of this water is in the fluidized water tank 15.
A differential pressure oscillator 22 is installed at the bottom and a differential pressure transmitter 23 is installed on the side of the fluidized water tank 5, and the differential pressure inside the fluidized water tank 15 can be measured. .

Now, when only water is circulating in the fluidized water tank 15, the differential pressure measured by the differential pressure transmitter 22 is P2, and the differential pressure determined by the pH differential pressure transmitter 23 is P2, but slag is dropped and the slag is deposited. In other words, in a packed bed state, the barley pressure of the differential pressure transmitter 22 is −U, ·Le−f(ε), and in a fluidized bed state, −L, ·(ρ , −ρri・
f(ε).

Here, K is a constant, Ull water flow rate, Le/d slag packed bed height, f(ε) is slag filling rate, ρ is slag density, and ρt is water density. Therefore, if the distance t between the two differential pressure outlets 24 and 25 of this differential pressure transmitter 22 is known, the differential pressure at this differential pressure transmitter 22 will be
Irrespective of the state of the fluidized bed, if slag has accumulated above the upper differential pressure outlet 25 of the differential pressure transmitter 22, ρB indicates the density of the slag in the fluidized water tank 15. In other words, if slag has accumulated above the upper differential pressure outlet 25- of the differential pressure transmitter 22, the particle weight per unit height can be determined from the differential pressure signal P of the differential pressure transmitter 22, This holds true even in the case of a packed bed or a fluidized bed.

On the other hand, the differential pressure of the differential pressure transmitter 23 is P2 until the slag has accumulated above the differential pressure outlet 25, but when the slag has accumulated further, the differential pressure increases and reaches P3. When the differential pressure P3 generated by the differential pressure transmitter 23 and the differential pressure P generated by the differential pressure transmitter 22 are equalized, the slag height h in the flowing water tank 15 is h=t+(t
/P) Found by XPs. That is, fluidized water tank 1
The height of the slag deposited in the slag 5 can be constantly detected by the differential pressure transmitters 22 and 23, and it is possible to know the amount of slag dripping regardless of the type of coal or operating conditions. Then, the differential pressure signals from the differential pressure transmitters 22 and 23 are transmitted to the slag discharge control device 2.
Automatic discharge of the slag is possible using the built-in pulp sl, ra/.

Next, a method for automatically discharging slag using this embodiment will be specifically explained.

First, before the gasification operation using the spouted bed gasifier, the pulp 8'
and 9' are closed, water is filled into the fluidized water tank 15 from the make-up water supply pipe 18, and the upper surface 1 of the gasification reactor bottom water tank 3' is filled with water.
1 is distributed and circulated. After the water can be circulated, the water level gauge in the bottom water tank 3' of the gasification reactor is linked with the make-up water supply pipe 18, and the water level is controlled by a generally known method. On the other hand, the partition valves 10' and 11' of the hopper 4' are closed, the drain pipe 7' is opened, and the hopper 4' is filled with water from the auxiliary water supply pipe 5'. Binding fluid tank 15. ! : When the pressure becomes equal, the auxiliary water supply pipe 5' is closed.

At this stage, when the gasification reaction is started in the gasification reactor 1, the slag 14 drops one after another into the flowing water tank 15, and the differential pressure of the differential pressure transmitter 22 increases accordingly. Thereafter, the differential pressure of the differential pressure transmitter 22 settles down at a constant level, and the differential pressure of the differential pressure transmitter 23 begins to increase. Figure 3 shows the signals from the differential pressure transmitters 22 and 23 during this time, with the horizontal and vertical axes showing the amount of slag dripping and the signal, respectively.
.

B shows the signals of the differential pressure transmitters 22.2.3, respectively. The differential pressure signals obtained by these differential pressure transmitters 22 and 23 are computer-processed in the slag discharge control device 27 to determine the current slag layer height.

Calculate and display the slag amount, compare it with the preset slag layer height, and when the set height is reached,
An opening signal is sent to the valves 8' and 9', and the slag in the flowing water tank 15 is allowed to settle in the hopper 4'. The slag is in the hopper 4'
, the differential pressure between the differential pressure transmitters 22 and 23 returns to its original state B.
Since the pressure decreases in the trench, the valves 8' and 9' are closed in response to the decreasing signal, and the drain pipe 7' is opened in response to the closing signal.
' and 11' are opened and the water and slag in the hopper 4' fall into the solid-liquid separator 12 under atmospheric pressure to separate the slag and water, and the slag is transferred to the solid transporter 13 as required. The separated water is transported to a location, and the separated water is recycled to a hopper 4' or a storage tank, etc., as necessary. After discharging the water and slag in the hopper 4', water is supplied from the auxiliary water supply pipe 5' to clean the inside of the hopper 4', and then the partition valves 10' and 11' are closed to drain water into the hopper 4'. After filling, the drain pipe 7' is closed, and after increasing the pressure until the pressure becomes equal to that of the fluidized water tank 15, the auxiliary water supply pipe 5' is closed.

Next, a specific example will be explained. The fluidized water tank 15 has an inner diameter of 20
01111% A spiral-shaped water spouting pipe 16 is installed at a position 50cm from the bottom of the fluidizing tank 15 with a height of 1500 fins, and 50 small holes are opened in the water spouting pipe 16. circulated water. Then, on the side wall of the fluidizing tank 15, a differential pressure outlet 2 is opened at a position of 7 (1 m and 370 fins) from the bottom.
A first differential pressure transmitter 22 is connected between 4 and 25, and a second differential pressure transmitter 23 is connected between differential pressure outlets 25 and 26 that are opened at positions 370 fin and 1370+w from the bottom. were connected.

The upper part of this fluidized water Pil 5 is connected to the gasification reactor 1 with an inner diameter of 100 mm, and the lower part is connected in series with a 75 mm inner diameter pipe and two valves 8' and 9', and further below is a hopper 4. ' and two gate valves 10' and 11' were connected in series. In such a spouted bed gasifier, 20 kg of slag is produced per hour.

The signals from each differential pressure transmitter when dropping at 60 kg were as shown in FIG. 2 in all cases. Figure 4 shows the results of inputting the differential pressure transmitter signal into a computer and comparing it with the set value to determine the automatic discharge effect when discharging slag. Elapsed operation time and signals are taken, C is the differential pressure transmitter 22, D is the differential pressure transmitter 23
This shows the signal. As is clear from FIGS. 3 and 4, the amount of slag in the fluidized water tank can be clearly measured and the discharge can be performed satisfactorily.

As described above, the spouted bed gasification apparatus of the embodiment is controlled by measuring the differential pressure in the fluidizing tank and by determining the slag height in the fluidizing tank, so that the type of coal can be controlled.

Even if the operating conditions change, the slag is not affected and the slag can be discharged smoothly.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, the present invention makes it possible to provide a coal spouted bed gasifier that can optimally discharge slag regardless of the type of coal or operating conditions, and has great industrial effects. It is what it is.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a 70-diagram of a conventional spouted bed gasifier, FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of the spouted bed gasifier of the present invention, and FIG.
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the operating state of the spouted bed gasifier shown in FIG. 2. Engineering...Gasification reactor, 2...S2 gettub, 3'.
...Gasification reactor bottom water tank, 4'... Hola, <, 5/
... Auxiliary water supply pipe, 6'... Auxiliary water jet pipe, 7'
...Discharge pipe, s/, ca/...valve, 10
', 11'...Left-cut nokurube, 14...Slag,
15... Fluid water tank, 16... Water spout pipe, F...
Water circulation pipe, 18...Makeup water supply pipe, 19...Liquid cyclone, 20...Water pipe, 21...Coot, 22.
23... Differential pressure transmitter, 27... Slag discharge control device. #10 Dormitory Z Imo 3rd page 4th page 1st continuation ■Inventor Shinji Kuninaka Inside Hitachi Vehicle Works @ Inventor Hitoshi Tomuro - Inside Hitachi Jyuwa Works @ Inventor Art supplies Mako Inside Hitachi Vehicle Works @ Inventor Sadao Takahashi Hitachi Inventor Hiroshi Miyadera Hitachi City Saiwaichosho

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A gasification reactor that gasifies coal to generate combustible gas, and a gasification reactor that is installed at the bottom of the gasification reactor via a valve to temporarily store the slag generated during gasification that is removed from the gasification reactor. A spouted bed gasification apparatus having a hopper for storing the slag, a fluidized water tank in which the slag falls and accumulates between the gasification reactor and the hopper, and a flow path that forms an upward flow of water in the fluidized water tank. , a differential pressure measuring device for measuring the differential pressure between three positions at different heights including the bottom in the fluidizing tank; and a differential pressure measuring device for measuring the differential pressure between three positions at different heights, including the bottom, and opening the valve based on the measurement result of the differential pressure measuring device to open the fluidizing tank. A spouted bed gasification apparatus comprising: a device for moving slag therein to the hopper.