JPS60125708A - Dynamic valve mechanism of internal-combustion engine - Google Patents

Dynamic valve mechanism of internal-combustion engine

Info

Publication number
JPS60125708A
JPS60125708A JP23152483A JP23152483A JPS60125708A JP S60125708 A JPS60125708 A JP S60125708A JP 23152483 A JP23152483 A JP 23152483A JP 23152483 A JP23152483 A JP 23152483A JP S60125708 A JPS60125708 A JP S60125708A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
valve
spherical contact
spherical
lifters
stems
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP23152483A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Kazuo Kato
和雄 加藤
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toyota Motor Corp
Original Assignee
Toyota Motor Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toyota Motor Corp filed Critical Toyota Motor Corp
Priority to JP23152483A priority Critical patent/JPS60125708A/en
Publication of JPS60125708A publication Critical patent/JPS60125708A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/26—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of two or more valves operated simultaneously by same transmitting-gear; peculiar to machines or engines with more than two lift-valves per cylinder
    • F01L1/262—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of two or more valves operated simultaneously by same transmitting-gear; peculiar to machines or engines with more than two lift-valves per cylinder with valve stems disposed radially from a centre which is substantially the centre of curvature of the upper wall surface of a combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02—Valve drive
    • F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
    • F01L1/047—Camshafts
    • F01L1/053—Camshafts overhead type
    • F01L1/0532—Camshafts overhead type the cams being directly in contact with the driven valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/42—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads
    • F02F1/4214—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads specially adapted for four or more valves per cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/244—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/245—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads the valve stems being orientated at an angle with the cylinder axis

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To positively convert the movements of lifters to the axial directions of stems by providing shims each having two spherical contact portions slidable on the inner surfaces and the tip ends of the stems, between the inner surfaces of valve lifters and valve stems. CONSTITUTION:Four valves 5, 5'... are provided with respect to one cylinder, and valve stems 20, 20'... are disposed by inclining with respect to a plane perpendicular to the axis of a cam shaft 10. Shims 14, 14'... are disposed between the inner surfaces of lifters 12, 12'... reciprocated in the perpendicular direction with respect to the cam shaft 10 by means of cams 11, 11'... and the tip ends of the stems 20, 20'.... The shims 14, 14'... slide with lifters 12, 12'... and stems 20, 20'... by means of two sets of spherical contact portions 22, 22'... and 24, 24'.... As a result, the movements of the lifters 12, 12'... reciprocating in the direction perpendicular to the cam shaft 10 are converted to the direction of the cam shaft 10, and the positive valve action can be obtained.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 発明の技術分野 本発明はバルブステムをカムシャフトの軸線と直交する
面に関して傾斜させて配置した内燃機関の動弁機構に係
わる。この種の動弁機構は、各燃焼室について２つの吸
気弁と２つの排気弁を有する４バルブエンジンに好適で
ある。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Technical Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a valve operating mechanism for an internal combustion engine in which a valve stem is arranged to be inclined with respect to a plane perpendicular to the axis of a camshaft. This type of valve train is suitable for four-valve engines having two intake valves and two exhaust valves for each combustion chamber.

従来技術 従来の４バルブエンジンでは、２つの吸気弁同士、２つ
の排気弁同士は平行で、吸気弁と排気弁間がＶ形に配置
され、燃焼室がいわゆるベントル−フタイブとなってい
るのが一般的であった。このため、バルブ傘径を十分大
きくとれず、エンジンの出力性能は、２バルブエンジン
に比べ格段にすぐれているとはいうものの、改善の余地
があった。また、燃焼室がペントルーフタイプであるた
め比較的平坦であり、燃焼室の容積に対する表面積が大
きく燃焼効率の点で不満があった。Prior Art In a conventional 4-valve engine, the two intake valves and the two exhaust valves are parallel to each other, and the space between the intake valve and the exhaust valve is arranged in a V-shape, and the combustion chamber is so-called vent-roof type. It was common. For this reason, the valve umbrella diameter could not be made sufficiently large, and although the output performance of the engine was significantly superior to that of a two-valve engine, there was room for improvement. In addition, since the combustion chamber is of a pent roof type, it is relatively flat, and the surface area relative to the volume of the combustion chamber is large, causing dissatisfaction in terms of combustion efficiency.

そこで、４つのバルブを燃焼室に対して放射状に配置す
ることにより燃焼室を半球型に構成することにより吸排
気効率の向上を図るようにしたエンジンが提案されてい
る（例えば、特公昭５１−１９０８３号、特開昭５５−
３５１１０号）。しかしながら、従来から提案されてい
る半球型燃焼室を有する４バルブエンジンでは、バルブ
ステムがカムシャフトと直交する面内にないために、バ
ルブの動作機構が複雑であり、動作が不確実であるとい
う問題があった。Therefore, an engine has been proposed in which four valves are arranged radially with respect to the combustion chamber to form a hemispherical combustion chamber, thereby improving intake and exhaust efficiency (for example, No. 19083, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 1983-
No. 35110). However, in conventionally proposed four-valve engines with hemispherical combustion chambers, the valve stems are not in a plane orthogonal to the camshaft, so the valve operating mechanism is complicated and operation is uncertain. There was a problem.

発明の目的 本発明の目的は、バルブステムをカムシャフトの軸線と
直交する平面に関して傾斜させて配置したエンジンの動
弁機構の構造を簡単なものとしかつ弁動作を確実にする
ことである。OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to simplify the structure of a valve operating mechanism for an engine in which a valve stem is arranged inclined with respect to a plane orthogonal to the axis of a camshaft, and to ensure reliable valve operation.

発明の構成 本発明は上記のような内燃機関の動弁機構において、カ
ム面に接触するバルブリフタとバルブステム端部との間
にシム部材を介在させ、バルブリフタとシム部材間及び
シム部材とバルブステム端部間にそれぞれ第−及び第二
の球面接触部を形成し、第一球面接触部の曲率半径を第
二球面接触部の曲率半径より大きくしたことを特徴とす
る。ここで、第一球面接触部はバルブリフタの凹状球面
とシム部材の凸状球面とで構成し、第二球面部はシム部
材の凹面部とバルブステム端部の凸面部とで構成するの
が望ましい。また、バルブリフタの移動方向における第
二球面接触部の曲率中心から第一球面接触部までの寸法
は第一球面接触部の曲率半径より小さいのが望ましい。Structure of the Invention The present invention provides a valve operating mechanism for an internal combustion engine as described above, in which a shim member is interposed between the valve lifter and the end of the valve stem that contact the cam surface, and the shim member and the valve stem are connected to each other between the valve lifter and the shim member and between the shim member and the valve stem. It is characterized in that first and second spherical contact portions are formed between the end portions, respectively, and the radius of curvature of the first spherical contact portion is larger than the radius of curvature of the second spherical contact portion. Here, it is preferable that the first spherical surface contact portion is composed of a concave spherical surface of the valve lifter and a convex spherical surface of the shim member, and the second spherical surface portion is composed of a concave surface portion of the shim member and a convex surface portion of the end of the valve stem. . Further, it is desirable that the dimension from the center of curvature of the second spherical contact part to the first spherical contact part in the moving direction of the valve lifter is smaller than the radius of curvature of the first spherical contact part.

発明の実施例 第１図〜第３図は本発明に係るダイレクト駆動方式４バ
ルブエンジンの動弁機構を示すもので、第１図はシリン
ダーヘッドの横断面図、第２図は第１図のＡ＝Ａにおけ
る断面図でバルブが閉じている状態を示し、第°３図は
同じく第１図のＡ−Ａにおける断面図であるがバルブが
開いてしする状態（最大リフト時）を示したものである
。Embodiments of the Invention Figures 1 to 3 show the valve mechanism of a direct drive type 4-valve engine according to the present invention. Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the cylinder head, and Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the cylinder head. A cross-sectional view at A=A shows the valve in a closed state, and Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view at A-A in Figure 1, but shows the valve in the open state (at maximum lift). It is something.

これらの図において、１はシリンダへ・ノド、２は燃焼
室、３は吸気ボート４は排気ポート、５゜５′は吸気バ
ルブ、６は排気バルブ、７はへ・ノドカバーである。１
つの燃焼室２について吸気ノ＜バルブ５，５′と排気ハ
ルプロは各２個づつあり、吸気バルブと排気バルブとの
関係は第１図に示すようにＶ形装置であり、また吸気バ
ルブ同士、排気バルブ同士の関係も第２図および第３図
に示すように■形装置であり、全体として弁構成は燃焼
室２に関して放射状に配置され、燃焼室２の内壁面は略
球形を成している。In these figures, 1 is the cylinder throat, 2 is the combustion chamber, 3 is the intake boat 4 is the exhaust port, 5° 5' is the intake valve, 6 is the exhaust valve, and 7 is the throat cover. 1
For each combustion chamber 2, there are two intake valves 5, 5' and two exhaust valves, and the relationship between the intake valve and exhaust valve is a V-shaped device as shown in Figure 1. The relationship between the exhaust valves is also a ■-shaped device, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, and the valve structure as a whole is arranged radially with respect to the combustion chamber 2, and the inner wall surface of the combustion chamber 2 is approximately spherical. There is.

吸気バルブおよび排気バルブの動弁機構は本質的に同じ
であるので、以下吸気バルブの動弁機構について述べる
。第２図および第３図において、ｌＯはカムシャフト、
１１　、１１　’はカム、１２　、１２　’はバルブリ
フタ、１３　、１３　’はバルブリフタが上下動するシ
リンダボア、１４　、１４　’はシム部材、１５゜１５
′はバルブリテーナ、１６　、１６　’はコ・ツタ、１
７゜１７′はバルブスプリング、１Ｂ　、　１８　’は
ステムシール、１９　、１９　’はバルブガイド、２０
　、２０　’はノイルフ゛ステムである。カム１１　、
１１　’の回転によってノ＼ルブリフタ１２　、１２　
’がシリンダボア１３　、１３　’内を上下動し、シム
部材１４　、１４　’を介してバルブステム２０　、２
０　’を動かし吸気バルブ５，５′を開閉するのである
が、本発明では、バルブリフタ１２　、１２　’とシム
部材１４　、１４　’との間の接触部を、ノくルブリフ
タ１２　、１２　’側が凹形状の球面、シム部材１４　
、１４　’側が凸形状の球面となる第一球面接触部２２
　、２２　’で構成し、またシム部材１４　、１４　’
とバルブステム２０　、２０　’の端部との間の接触部
をシム部材１４　、１４　’側が凹形状の球面、バルブ
ステム端部側が凸形状となる第二球面接触部２４　、２
４　’で構成した。この場合において、第一球面接触部
２２　、２２　’の方が第二球面接触部２４　、２４　
’よりも曲率半径がはるかに大きく、また第一球面接触
部２２　、２２　’の曲率中心が、バルブリフタ１２　
、１２　’の中心軸線上に伝達するようにし、バルブリ
フタ１２　、１２　’の移動方向における第二球面接触
部２４　、２４　’の曲率中心から第一球面接触部２２
　、２２　’までの寸法は、第一球面接触部の曲率半径
よりも十分小さいものである。Since the valve operating mechanisms of the intake valve and the exhaust valve are essentially the same, the valve operating mechanism of the intake valve will be described below. In FIGS. 2 and 3, lO is the camshaft,
11, 11' are cams, 12, 12' are valve lifters, 13, 13' are cylinder bores in which the valve lifters move up and down, 14, 14' are shim members, 15° 15
’ is the valve retainer, 16, 16’ is the ivy, 1
7゜17' is a valve spring, 1B, 18' is a stem seal, 19, 19' is a valve guide, 20
, 20' is a novel stem. Cam 11,
By rotating 11', the nozzle lifters 12, 12
' move up and down within the cylinder bores 13, 13', and the valve stems 20, 2 are moved through the shim members 14, 14'.
0' to open and close the intake valves 5, 5'.In the present invention, the contact portions between the valve lifters 12, 12' and the shim members 14, 14' are formed so that the knob lifters 12, 12' side are recessed. Spherical shape, shim member 14
, 14' side is a convex spherical surface 22
, 22', and shim members 14, 14'
The contact portion between the shim members 14 and the ends of the valve stems 20 and 20' is a concave spherical surface on the shim member 14 and 14' side, and a second spherical contact portion 24 and 2 that has a convex shape on the valve stem end side.
Composed of 4'. In this case, the first spherical contact portions 22 , 22 ′ are better than the second spherical contact portions 24 , 24 ′.
The radius of curvature is much larger than that of the valve lifter 12', and the center of curvature of the first spherical contact portions 22, 22'
, 12', from the center of curvature of the second spherical contact parts 24, 24' in the moving direction of the valve lifters 12, 12' to the first spherical contact part 22.
, 22' is sufficiently smaller than the radius of curvature of the first spherical contact portion.

第２図および第３図から明らかな如く、バルブステム２
０　、２０　’がカムシャフト１０の軸心と直交する平
面に関してカムシャフト軸心方向に傾斜しているので、
バルブリフタ１２　、１２　’とバルブステム２０　、
２０　’の運動方間が異なり、バルブリフタ１２゜１２
’が往復運動するのに伴なってバルブステム２０゜２０
′が往復運動する際その上端部はバルブリフタ１２　、
１２　’の中心位置からずれることになる。しがしなが
ら、本発明では、前述の如くバルブリフタ１２　、１２
　’とバルブステム２０　、２０　’端部間に球面接触
部２２　、２２　’および２４　、２４　’を有するシ
ム部材１４゜１４’を介在させているので、バルブリフ
タ１２　、１２　’の移動によりシム部材１４　、１４
　’が第一および第二球面接触部２２　、２２　’およ
び２４　、２４　’で摺りながら擦動し、バルブリフタ
１２　、１２　’のリフトをバルブステム２０　、２０
　’の方向に方向転換し、吸気バルブ５．５′をスムー
ズにリフト（開閉）させる。２つの排気ハルプロ　（第
１図）についてもまったく同様である。As is clear from FIGS. 2 and 3, the valve stem 2
0 and 20' are inclined in the camshaft axial direction with respect to the plane perpendicular to the axial center of the camshaft 10,
Valve lifters 12, 12' and valve stem 20,
20' movement is different, valve lifter 12°12
As ' moves back and forth, the valve stem 20°20
When '' reciprocates, the upper end of the valve lifter 12,
12' will be shifted from the center position. However, in the present invention, as described above, the valve lifters 12, 12
Since a shim member 14° 14' having spherical contact portions 22, 22' and 24, 24' is interposed between the ends of the valve stems 20 and 20', the movement of the valve lifters 12 and 12' causes the shim member 14 to , 14
' slides on the first and second spherical contact parts 22, 22' and 24, 24' to lift the valve lifters 12, 12' to the valve stems 20, 20.
' Change direction and smoothly lift (open/close) intake valve 5.5'. The same is true for the two exhaust hull processors (Figure 1).

発明の効果 本発明では、４バルブエンジンにおいて、４つのバルブ
を放射状に配置できるため、燃焼室を略半球にすること
ができ、従って、バルブ傘径を十分大きくして吸入効率
、出力性能を向上し、また燃焼効率を向上させることが
できる。また、簡単な構造のシム部材によりバルブリフ
タの移動方向をバルブステムの移動方向に変換すること
ができ、動弁機構の動作を確実に行なりしめることがで
きる。Effects of the Invention In the present invention, in a 4-valve engine, the four valves can be arranged radially, so the combustion chamber can be made into a substantially hemispherical shape.Therefore, the valve umbrella diameter can be made sufficiently large to improve suction efficiency and output performance. In addition, combustion efficiency can be improved. Further, the moving direction of the valve lifter can be converted to the moving direction of the valve stem by a shim member having a simple structure, and the valve mechanism can be operated reliably.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第１図は本発明の動弁機構を採用したシリンダヘッドの
横断面図、第２図は第１図のＡ−Ａ断面図でバルブが閉
じている状態、第３図は第１図のＡ−Ａ断面図でバルブ
が開いている状態（最大リフト時）をそれぞれ示すもの
である。 ｌＯ・・・カムシャフト、１２　、１２　’・・・バル
ブリフタ、１４　、１４　’・・・シム部材゛、　２０
　、２０　’・・・バルブステム、２２　、２２　’・
・・第一球面接触部、２４　、２４　’・・・第二球面
接触部。 特許出願人 トヨタ自動車株式会社 特許出願代理人 弁理士　青　木　朗 弁理士西舘和之 弁理士　樋　口　外　治 弁理士　山　口　昭　之 弁理士西山雅也Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a cylinder head employing the valve mechanism of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along line A-A in Fig. 1 with the valve closed, and Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in Fig. 1. The -A cross-sectional view shows the state in which the valve is open (at maximum lift). lO...Camshaft, 12, 12'...Valve lifter, 14, 14'...Shim member, 20
, 20'...valve stem, 22, 22'...
...First spherical contact portion, 24, 24'...Second spherical contact portion. Patent applicant Toyota Motor Corporation Patent agent Akira Aoki Patent attorney Kazuyuki Nishidate Patent attorney Soto Higuchi Patent attorney Akira Yamaguchi Patent attorney Masaya Nishiyama

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 １、　バルブステム（２０、２０”）をカムシャフト（
１０）の軸線と直交する平面に関して傾斜させて配置し
た内燃機関の動弁機構において、カム面に接触するバル
ブリフタ（１２，１２’）とバルブステム（２０、２０
’　）端部との間にシム部材（１４、１４’　）を介在
させ、バルブリフタとシム部材間およびシム部材とバル
ブステム端部間にそれぞれ第一および第二の球面接触部
（２２，２２’　ｉ２４，２４’）を形成し、第一球面
接触部の曲率半径を第二球面接触部の曲率半径より大き
くしたことを特徴とする内燃機関の動弁機構。 ２、第一球面接触部（２２、２２’　）はバルブリフタ
（１２，１２’）の凹状球面とシム部材＜１４，１４’
ｉの凸状球面とで構成し、第二球面部（２４、２４’　
）はシム部材（１４、１４”）の凹状球面とバルブステ
ー／−（２０，２０’）端部の凸状球面とで構成した特
許請求の範囲第１項記載の動弁機構。 ３、第一球面接触部（２２、２２’　）の曲率中心はバ
ルブリフタ（１２，１２’）の中心軸線上に位置する特
許請求の範囲第２項記載の動弁機構。 ４、　バルブリフタ（１２、１２’　）の移動方向にお
ける第二球面接触部（２４、２４’　）の曲率中心から
第一球面接触部（２２、２２’　）までの寸法は第一球
面接触部（２２，２２’）の曲率半径より小さい特許請
求の範囲第２項又は第３項記載の動弁機構。[Claims] 1. The valve stem (20, 20”) is connected to the camshaft (
10) In a valve mechanism for an internal combustion engine that is arranged inclined with respect to a plane orthogonal to the axis of the valve lifter (12, 12') and valve stem (20, 20) that contact the cam surface.
) ends, and first and second spherical contact parts (22, 22') are provided between the valve lifter and the shim members and between the shim members and the valve stem ends, respectively. i24, 24'), and the radius of curvature of the first spherical contact portion is larger than the radius of curvature of the second spherical contact portion. 2. The first spherical contact portion (22, 22') is connected to the concave spherical surface of the valve lifter (12, 12') and the shim member <14, 14'
convex spherical surface of i, and a second spherical surface portion (24, 24'
) comprises a concave spherical surface of the shim member (14, 14") and a convex spherical surface of the valve stay/-(20, 20') end. 3. The valve train mechanism according to claim 2, wherein the center of curvature of the one spherical contact portion (22, 22') is located on the central axis of the valve lifter (12, 12'). 4. Valve lifter (12, 12') The dimension from the center of curvature of the second spherical contact part (24, 24') to the first spherical contact part (22, 22') in the moving direction of is smaller than the radius of curvature of the first spherical contact part (22, 22'). A valve train mechanism according to claim 2 or 3.
JP23152483A 1983-12-09 1983-12-09 Dynamic valve mechanism of internal-combustion engine Pending JPS60125708A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP23152483A JPS60125708A (en) 1983-12-09 1983-12-09 Dynamic valve mechanism of internal-combustion engine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP23152483A JPS60125708A (en) 1983-12-09 1983-12-09 Dynamic valve mechanism of internal-combustion engine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS60125708A true JPS60125708A (en) 1985-07-05

Family

ID=16924836

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP23152483A Pending JPS60125708A (en) 1983-12-09 1983-12-09 Dynamic valve mechanism of internal-combustion engine

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS60125708A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0197005U (en) * 1987-12-21 1989-06-28
FR2740171A1 (en) * 1995-10-18 1997-04-25 Debs Sylvain Valve actuating system, for IC engines

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0197005U (en) * 1987-12-21 1989-06-28
FR2740171A1 (en) * 1995-10-18 1997-04-25 Debs Sylvain Valve actuating system, for IC engines

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