JPS60122284A - Hydraulic machine - Google Patents
Hydraulic machineInfo
- Publication number
- JPS60122284A JPS60122284A JP58231969A JP23196983A JPS60122284A JP S60122284 A JPS60122284 A JP S60122284A JP 58231969 A JP58231969 A JP 58231969A JP 23196983 A JP23196983 A JP 23196983A JP S60122284 A JPS60122284 A JP S60122284A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- upper cover
- runner
- hydraulic machine
- water
- main plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
- F03B11/06—Bearing arrangements
- F03B11/063—Arrangements for balancing axial thrust
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔発明の利用分野〕
本発明は、水力機械、特に比較的小容置の水力（幾械に
関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Application of the Invention] The present invention relates to hydraulic machines, particularly relatively small capacity hydraulic machines.
従来の代表的な小容量水力機械として横軸フランシス水
車があるが、第１図はその水車及び蛇屯機の組立て状態
を示している。A typical conventional small-capacity hydraulic machine is a horizontal-shaft Francis water turbine, and FIG. 1 shows the assembled state of the water turbine and the girdle machine.
水車は、水エネルギーを回収するランナ１、ランナ１に
導水するケーシング２、ステーリング３、ランナ１の上
下を水密に覆う上カバー４及び下カバー５、水Ｍを調節
するガイドベーン６、封水バッキング７Ａ及びグランド
７Ｂよりなる主軸封水装置７、及び吸出管８よシ構成さ
れており、ランナ１の回転力は主軸９を介して発電機１
（）に伝達され発電される。上カバー４はステーリング
３の上部主板３Ａにボルト（図示せず）で固定され、内
径部と主軸９との間は主軸封水装置７で封水され、ガイ
ドベーン６のステム軸受を備えている。The water turbine consists of a runner 1 that recovers water energy, a casing 2 that guides water to the runner 1, a stay ring 3, an upper cover 4 and a lower cover 5 that cover the top and bottom of the runner 1 in a watertight manner, guide vanes 6 that adjust the water M, and a water seal. It is composed of a main shaft water sealing device 7 consisting of a backing 7A and a gland 7B, and a suction pipe 8.
() and generates electricity. The upper cover 4 is fixed to the upper main plate 3A of the stay ring 3 with bolts (not shown), the inner diameter part and the main shaft 9 are sealed with water by a main shaft water sealing device 7, and the stem bearing of the guide vane 6 is provided. There is.
なお、小容量水車の場合には、発電後のはずみ車効果（
ＧＬ）２．Ｇは質量と重力の加速度の積、Ｄははずみ車
の外径）が大きくできないため、水車過渡期における回
転速度の上昇を押えるため、フライホイール１１を回転
部に設けてはずみ車効果を＾めている。１２及び１３は
軸受を示している。In addition, in the case of small capacity water turbines, the flywheel effect (
GL)2. Since G is the product of mass and gravitational acceleration, and D is the outer diameter of the flywheel, it is not possible to increase it, so in order to suppress the increase in rotational speed during the transition period of the water wheel, a flywheel 11 is installed in the rotating part to reduce the flywheel effect. . 12 and 13 indicate bearings.
このような水車では、その要部の詳細を示し第１図と同
一部分には同一符号を付しである第２図に示すように、
ランナ１と上カバー４との間のランナ１″外周部ギャッ
プＧよシ流入する水圧によって、ランナ１と上カバー４
とによって形成される１１部は圧力部となる。′しかし
、上カバー４は同定部であるため、Ｐ部の圧力はランナ
１上部を押し下げることくなり、水圧スラストが矢印Ｐ
の方向に働く、このため、軸受１２はこの水圧スラスト
を受ける軸受とガイド軸受を兼用した軸受になっている
が、スラスト軸受の要素が大きく占めており、また冷却
水を供給して軸受冷却を行なっている。In such a water turbine, as shown in Fig. 2, which shows the details of the main parts and assigns the same reference numerals to the same parts as in Fig. 1,
The water pressure flowing through the runner 1'' outer peripheral gap G between the runner 1 and the upper cover 4 causes the runner 1 and the upper cover 4 to
The 11th part formed by this becomes a pressure part. 'However, since the upper cover 4 is an identification part, the pressure in the P part pushes down the upper part of the runner 1, and the hydraulic thrust moves as shown by the arrow P.
For this reason, the bearing 12 is a bearing that serves both as a bearing that receives this hydraulic thrust and as a guide bearing, but the thrust bearing element occupies a large part, and it also supplies cooling water to cool the bearing. I am doing it.
一方、このような小容量水力機械の大きな欠点は、出力
画シの機器コストが大出力の水力機械に販べると閥い点
で、このため、例えば、部品の兼用による部品点数の減
少、ボルト連結部を無くして俵械加工時間の減少及びボ
ルトの省略等、簡略化による様器コストの低減の試みが
なされている。On the other hand, a major drawback of such small-capacity hydraulic machines is that the equipment cost of the output screen is not as high as it can be sold to a large-output hydraulic machine. Attempts have been made to reduce the cost of machining equipment through simplification, such as eliminating bolted connections to reduce machining time for bale machining and omitting bolts.
また、小容量水力機械は機械も小形で、例えば、第１図
の主軸封水装置７のように封水バッキング７Ｎとグラン
ド７Ｂとを上カバー４にボルトによシ締め付ける構造の
ように組立困難な個所がちふので、このような狭い個所
のボルト締め付業の組立作業を無くシ、組立分解容易な
機械が要求されている。In addition, small-capacity hydraulic machines are also small and difficult to assemble, for example, as in the main shaft water-sealing device 7 shown in Fig. 1, the water-sealing backing 7N and gland 7B are tightened to the upper cover 4 with bolts. Therefore, there is a need for a machine that can be easily assembled and disassembled and eliminates the assembly work required for tightening bolts in such narrow spaces.
本発明は、スラスト軸受減が可能でしかもＮ造簡単な水
力機械を掃供することを目的とするものである。The object of the present invention is to provide a hydraulic machine that can reduce the number of thrust bearings and is simple in construction.
本発明は、ケーシング、ステーリング及びガイドベーン
と、主軸が取り付けられているう／すと、前記ランナの
前記主軸側ｒ水密に覆っている上カバーとを有する水力
機械において、前記上カバーが前記主軸に固定された回
転体よシなシ、ｒ４′ｌＪ記ガイドベーンが前記ステー
リングの上部主板に回動自在に装着され、前記回転体と
前記ステーリングとの間を封水部で封水してなることを
特徴とするものである。The present invention provides a hydraulic machine having a casing, a stay ring, a guide vane, a main shaft attached thereto, and an upper cover watertightly covering the main shaft side of the runner, wherein the upper cover In addition to the rotating body fixed to the main shaft, a guide vane r4'lJ is rotatably mounted on the upper main plate of the stay ring, and a water sealing part seals water between the rotating body and the stay ring. It is characterized by:
すな・わち、従来の小容量水力機械は小形機の観点から
、上カバーは固定体としていたが、この上カバーの一部
を回転部に移行させるようにして水圧性能の改善、部品
数の減少、構造の簡略化を可能としたものである。In other words, from the viewpoint of small size, conventional small-capacity hydraulic machines had a fixed upper cover, but by moving part of the upper cover to the rotating part, hydraulic performance was improved and the number of parts was improved. This makes it possible to reduce the amount of damage and simplify the structure.
第３図は一実施例の説明図で、第１図と同一の部分には
同一符号が付しである。この図で、１４は上カバーで、
主軸９に固着一体化し主軸９と共に回転する直径がラン
ナ１外径とほぼ等しい大きさを有している。１５／ｌス
テーリング１５の上部主板で、第１図に示す従来の装置
のステーリング３の上部主板３Ａを内径方向に広げ、こ
れにガイドベーン６のステム軸受（図示せず）が設けで
ある。１６は封水装置で上カバー１４とステーリング１
５の上部主板１５Ａとの間に設けられている。この封水
装置１６は機械が小容量で小形であるため、とのような
位置に設置しても、大形機の主軸部と使用条件が大幅に
変らないので、新しい測水機構及び新材質を使用しなく
ても従来の技術を使用可能である。上カバー１４ははず
み車効果を高めるため、第１図に示されているフライホ
イル１１相当の厚みにしである。FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of one embodiment, and the same parts as in FIG. 1 are given the same reference numerals. In this figure, 14 is the upper cover,
The diameter of the runner, which is fixedly integrated with the main shaft 9 and rotates together with the main shaft 9, is approximately equal to the outer diameter of the runner 1. At the upper main plate of the 15/l staying 15, the upper main plate 3A of the staying 3 of the conventional device shown in FIG. . 16 is a water sealing device that connects the upper cover 14 and the stay ring 1.
5 and the upper main plate 15A. Since this water sealing device 16 is a small machine with a small capacity, even if it is installed in a position such as that, the operating conditions will not change significantly from the main shaft of a large machine. Conventional technology can be used without using . The upper cover 14 has a thickness equivalent to that of the flywheel 11 shown in FIG. 1 in order to enhance the flywheel effect.
この実施例においては以下のような効果が得られる。In this embodiment, the following effects can be obtained.
（１）水圧スラストを大幅に低減することができる。(1) Hydraulic thrust can be significantly reduced.
第４図は第３図の要部の詳細を示し、第３図と同一の部
分には同一の符号が付しである。この図のランナ１と上
カバー１４とによって形成される此′部が圧力部になる
のは、従来構造と同じであるが、この実施例では、上カ
バー１４は主軸９に固着されランナ１と同じ動きをする
ので、几′部内の圧力によシランナ１及び上カバー１４
は、図中矢印Ｑ、Ｑ’の方向に推力が働くが、二つの方
向Ｑ、Ｑ’の推力の大きさは同じで方向が逆になるため
消し合うことになり、従来構成の水力機械ではランナ１
上部に働く水圧トラストは無くなることになる。従って
、ランナ１の軸方向に働く水圧スラストは従来の場合の
１／３程度に低減されるので、軸受１２の縮小化及び冷
却水のｉ略が可能となる。FIG. 4 shows details of the main parts of FIG. 3, and the same parts as in FIG. 3 are given the same reference numerals. This part formed by the runner 1 and the upper cover 14 in this figure is the same as the conventional structure, but in this embodiment, the upper cover 14 is fixed to the main shaft 9 and the runner 1 and Since they move in the same way, the pressure inside the enclosure causes the silanna 1 and upper cover 14 to
In this case, thrust acts in the directions of arrows Q and Q' in the figure, but the magnitude of the thrust in the two directions Q and Q' is the same and the directions are opposite, so they cancel each other out. Runner 1
The hydraulic trust acting on the top will disappear. Therefore, the hydraulic thrust acting in the axial direction of the runner 1 is reduced to about 1/3 of that in the conventional case, making it possible to downsize the bearing 12 and reduce the amount of cooling water.
（２）この実施例では、主軸９に固定された上カバー１
４とガイドベー／６が取り付けられているステーリング
１５の上部主板１５Ａとを封水装置１６を介した摺動構
造で係合させているので、第１図に示す従来構成のよう
に上カバー１４とステーリング３の上部主板３Ａとをボ
ルトによｐ締め付けるのと異なり、ボルトを必要とせず
、その結果ボルト穴の機械加工が省略できる。又、ガイ
ドベーン６のステム軸受部加工もステーリング１５に下
カバー５を取シ付けて加工すれば、ガイドベーン６のス
テム上下軸受部が一度に加工できる効果がある。(2) In this embodiment, the upper cover 1 fixed to the main shaft 9
4 and the upper main plate 15A of the stay ring 15 to which the guide bay/6 is attached are engaged in a sliding structure via the water sealing device 16. Unlike tightening the upper main plate 3A of the stay ring 3 with bolts, no bolts are required, and as a result, machining of bolt holes can be omitted. Furthermore, if the stem bearing portion of the guide vane 6 is machined by attaching the lower cover 5 to the stay ring 15, there is an effect that the upper and lower stem bearing portions of the guide vane 6 can be machined at the same time.
（３）上カバー１４が回転部材になっていて、はずみ車
効果がけられるので、フライホイールを別個に設ける必
要はない。(3) Since the upper cover 14 is a rotating member and has a flywheel effect, there is no need to provide a separate flywheel.
（４）従来の装置は、現地において水車及び発電機を組
み立てだ彼、ランナ１全水車下流側よシ挿入して組み立
てるが、この実施例の場合には、ランナ１及び上カバー
を発′亀磯ｘｏと一体に工場で組み立てたままの状態で
現地に送り、水車の組立抜水車上流部よりランナ１を挿
入することができるので、組立分解が非常に容易となる
。(4) In conventional equipment, the water turbine and generator are assembled on site, and then the runner 1 is inserted from the downstream side of the turbine. Since the runner 1 can be sent to the site as assembled together with the xo at the factory, and the runner 1 can be inserted from the upstream part of the water turbine assembly and extraction wheel, assembly and disassembly becomes very easy.
以上の如く、この実施例の水力機械においては、スラス
ト力を低減することができ、しかも従来の水力機械の性
能をそこなうことなく、部品数の減少２機械加工の減少
、構造の簡略化が可能で、したがって組立分解が容易に
なるなど大きな効果が得られる。As described above, in the hydraulic machine of this embodiment, the thrust force can be reduced, and the number of parts can be reduced, the number of machining operations can be reduced, and the structure can be simplified without impairing the performance of conventional hydraulic machines. Therefore, great effects such as ease of assembly and disassembly can be obtained.
第５図は他の実施例の説明図で、柚３図と同一の部分に
は同一の符号が付しである。第３図の実施例と異なると
ころは、第３図の実施例のランナ１と上カバー１４とが
一体になってランナ１７を（１ｑ成している点で、この
実施例の場合にも第３図の実施例の場合と同様の効果を
得ることができるが、ランナと上カバーを一体としたた
め機械加工を省略することができる。なお、この実施例
では、キャビテーション及び土砂摩耗等洸よシ、経年後
ランナを交換する場合には上カバーの部分も一緒に交換
することになる。FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of another embodiment, in which the same parts as in FIG. 3 are given the same reference numerals. The difference from the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 is that the runner 1 and the upper cover 14 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 are integrated to form a runner 17 (1q). The same effect as the embodiment shown in Figure 3 can be obtained, but since the runner and the upper cover are integrated, machining can be omitted.In addition, this embodiment prevents mechanical problems such as cavitation and sand abrasion. If you replace the runner after it has aged, you will also need to replace the upper cover.
本発明は、スラスト力低減が可能でしかも構造簡単な水
力機械を提供可能とするものである。The present invention makes it possible to provide a hydraulic machine that is capable of reducing thrust force and has a simple structure.
第１図は従来の水力機械の説明図、第２図は第１図の要
部の断面図、第３図は本発明の水力機械の一実施例の説
明図、第４図は第３図の要部の断面図、第５図は他の実
施例の説明図である。
１・・・ランナ、２・・・ケーシング、５・・・下カバ
ー、６・・・ガイドベーン、８・・・吸出室、９・・・
主軸、１０・・・発電機、１２・・・軸受、１４・・・
上カバー、１５・・・ステーリング、１５Ａ・・・ステ
ーリングの上部主板、１６・・・封水装置。
代理人 弁理士 長崎博労（・″。
之１１゜
（ほか１名）Fig. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional hydraulic machine, Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the main part of Fig. 1, Fig. 3 is an explanatory diagram of an embodiment of the hydraulic machine of the present invention, and Fig. 4 is a diagram of the third embodiment. FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of another embodiment. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1...Runner, 2...Casing, 5...Lower cover, 6...Guide vane, 8...Suction chamber, 9...
Main shaft, 10... Generator, 12... Bearing, 14...
Upper cover, 15... Staying, 15A... Upper main plate of staying, 16... Water sealing device. Agent Patent attorney Hiroshi Nagasaki (・″. 11゜ (and 1 other person)
Claims (1)
記主軸側を水密に覆っている上カバーとを有する水力機
械において、前記上カバーが前記主軸に固定された回転
体よりなり、前記ガイドベーンがｉｉＪＭｄステーリン
グの上部主板に回動自在に装着され、前記回１献体と前
記ステーリングの上部主板との間を封水してなることを
特徴とする水力機械。 ２、前記上カバーが、ｍｕ記ランチと一体に構成されて
いる特許請求の範囲第１項記載の水力機械。[Claims] 1. A hydraulic machine having a casing, a stay ring, a guide vane, a runner to which a shaft is attached, and an upper cover that watertightly covers the main shaft side of the runner, wherein the upper cover is It consists of a rotating body fixed to the main shaft, and the guide vane is rotatably attached to the upper main plate of the iiJMd staying, and seals water between the donated body and the upper main plate of the staying. A hydraulic machine featuring: 2. The hydraulic machine according to claim 1, wherein the upper cover is configured integrally with the mu launch.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58231969A JPS60122284A (en) | 1983-12-06 | 1983-12-06 | Hydraulic machine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58231969A JPS60122284A (en) | 1983-12-06 | 1983-12-06 | Hydraulic machine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS60122284A true JPS60122284A (en) | 1985-06-29 |
Family
ID=16931883
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58231969A Pending JPS60122284A (en) | 1983-12-06 | 1983-12-06 | Hydraulic machine |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS60122284A (en) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4415769Y1 (en) * | 1965-11-10 | 1969-07-08 | ||
| JPS5039218A (en) * | 1973-07-14 | 1975-04-11 |
-
1983
- 1983-12-06 JP JP58231969A patent/JPS60122284A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4415769Y1 (en) * | 1965-11-10 | 1969-07-08 | ||
| JPS5039218A (en) * | 1973-07-14 | 1975-04-11 |
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