JPS60114864A - Electrophotographic sensitive material - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain an insulating material generating frictional electric charge to only small degree and having improved characteristics in a constitution of a photosensitive body comprising a conductive layer, photoconductive layer and an insulating layer by using arylacetylene polymer resin having a specified compsn. CONSTITUTION:An insulating layer is formed using arylacetylene polymer resin expressed by the formula (wherein X is H, halogen or cyano; A is H, alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, nitro or cyano; n is an integer 0-5; m is a number giving >=5,000mol.wt. of the polymer). The insulating layer is charged to only small degree by friction, and has superior light transmissivity, mechanical strength, resistivity, moisture resistance, corona resistance, heat resistance, and film forming property.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] (Technical Field) ' The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor, more specifically, a conductive layer,
The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor formed by sequentially laminating a light guide layer and an insulating layer.

(Prior art) In electrophotographic photoreceptors such as Shusho, which are used in dry-type electrophotographic copying machines and consist of a seikan drum and a photoreceptor drum for temporarily holding toner images, , its basic 111m configuration is shown in FIG.
A photoreceptor for the Carlson method consists of two layers in which a photoconductive layer 2 is laminated on the conductive layer 1, and the conductive layer 1 is formed at the bottom as shown in FIG. ,
There is a photoreceptor (hereinafter referred to as an absolute Mlim photoreceptor) consisting of three layers, in which the photoconductive layer 2 described above is laminated as an intermediate layer, and an insulating layer 3'4 is further laminated as an uppermost layer. In this insulating layer photoreceptor, when a latent image is formed through at least three processes: simultaneous corona charging, light source exposure, and whole surface i-formation in the press for forming a latent image, this #receptor forms a latent image. 1 because it is retained in layer 3 and has good retention of the latent image.
It is suitable for copying multiple copies in which a latent image that has been retained twice is repeatedly agglomerated and transferred.

However, when a large number of copies are made using the above insulating layer photoreceptor, as the number of copies increases, as shown in FIG.
Since the bright area potential VL changes greatly and approaches the bright area potential VD, the portion that should normally be a white background becomes a five-sided black background (Capri 5) and the Cu25 portion increases. It is thought that the cause of this increase in capri and fringe 5°C is that the potential increases due to gradual charging during the phenomenon, and an insulating layer material that is less charged due to this friction has been desired.

Furthermore, the following performances are required of this insulating layer material other than those mentioned above. That is, (1) good light transmittance, - to improve transmission of optical images, (2) high mechanical strength, - to increase durability, (3) high specific resistance, - In order to improve single charge retention, which is preferably 10 to 10 Ω・m, (4) moisture resistance, (5) corona resistance, (6) good heat resistance, (force film) It has high formation ability, etc.

However, there are almost no conventional insulating materials that exhibit low frictional electrification and satisfy all of the required performances shown in (1) to (7) above.

For example, PE, which is often used as the material for the insulating layer,
In the case of T (polyethylene terephthalate), the above (
Although the conditions 1) to (3), (6), and Since it is humid, it has poor moisture resistance, and has drawbacks such as generation of ionic decomposition products such as glycol due to material deterioration due to repeated condensation discharges.

As a means to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks, the above-mentioned insulating layer 3
There is a method of forming a coating layer on the 0 surface, but this method requires strong adhesion between the electrical properties of the coating layer and the insulating layer (Q-r etching, mechanical peeling does not occur), or manufacturing There were drawbacks such as high costs due to the complicated process.

(Objective) The object of the present invention is to reduce frictional electrification and to
K provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor using an insulating layer material that satisfies the performance (7).

(About JM) In order to achieve the above object, the present invention insulates an arylacetylene polymer resin having a composition represented by the following formula into an insulating layer of an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising at least a conductive layer, a photoconductive layer, and an insulating layer. It is characterized in that it is used as a layer at ℃.

or aryloxy group or Toro group or cyano group, n is an integer from 0 to 5 m is the molecular weight of the polymer is 5000 This is a number that is greater than or equal to

(Example) Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained with reference to an illustrated embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 2, the photoreceptor 1° according to the present invention has a conductor as the bottom layer. It is composed of an L layer 1, a photoconductive layer 2 as an intermediate layer, and an insulating layer 3 as an uppermost layer.

First, the insulating layer 3 is formed of an arylacetylene polymer resin, and the following monomers are suitable for forming this polymer (electronic composite).

(5) Phenylacetylenes (uniform halophenylacetylenes (qcyanophenylacetylenes), especially the above (uniform haplophenylacetylenes 2-
Chloro-1-phenylacetylene is more preferred.

In order to polymerize monomers of (5), (B), and (C1) above, polymerization is performed using a catalyst obtained by irradiating a mixture of a Group 6 transition metal carbonyl and an organic halogen compound with light.

Further, the molecular weight of the polymer resin needs to be 5,000 or more, preferably 10,000 to 1,000,000. This molecular weight is 5000
If it is less than that, the film forming properties when forming a photoreceptor will deteriorate, which is not preferable.

Furthermore, the above-mentioned polymer resin satisfies the above-mentioned required performance (3) by 1.
817, the specific resistance is 10 to 10 Ω-(7), which is the optimum value for an insulating layer.

Furthermore, in order to form the insulating layer 3 of the polymer resin,
With this polymer resin, an4s # CMx LJ2
e(CH2C))2I benzene, 1.4 dioxane, etc., and apply this dispersion liquid on the photoconductive layer 2 by a spraying method, dipping method, pulling method, etc., as appropriate. You can dry it using the following method.

The optimum thickness of the insulating layer 3 in this case is 3〒40μ.
m is good.

The photoreceptor 10 constructed in this manner has good light transmittance and a breaking strength of approximately 1000 kg 7 cm.
It has strong mechanical strength, and because it has few functional groups, it has good moisture resistance, and its glass transition point is around 200°C, so its heat resistance is also questionable. Furthermore, the friction coefficient, which is a problem during cleaning when making multiple copies, is 0.12, which is much smaller than the 0.33 of PET mentioned above, making it possible to keep frictional charging to a low level and reduce corona radiation. It also has very high durability.

If further performance is required, add an appropriate plasticizer or blend it with other resins.
Performance may be enhanced.

Next, to explain the properties of the 4 layers 1 of the photoreceptor 10, Ag, Au, Ag, Cu, Ni,
-1'e, metals such as SO8, or the above metals deposited on plastics, paper, metals, and also SnO.

In, 0. , I'IO, CuI, Pd Y vapor-deposited ones are suitable. In addition, if necessary, the conductive layer 1
It is also possible to install a 1m barrier of KMρ3゜paraxylylene above.

Furthermore, to explain the material of the photoconductive layer 2, S
e, Se-As, a-st: H, CdS:
The photoconductive layer 2 may be formed on the conductive layer 1 by means of vapor deposition, glow emission, coating, or the like using Cut C6eZnO, PbO, PVK, or other organic photoconductor. The thickness of this photoconductive layer 2 is 10 to 6
0 μm is suitable.

Next, the following electrophotographic process is preferable for use in the photoreceptor 10 configured as described above.

4 1st Teiden → Reverse charging, or ACC Simultaneous charging light image exposure (Full surface exposure) Simultaneous charging light image exposure → Reverse charging in the dark → Full surface light i is CB') 11F Reverse charging → Full surface exposure (C) Primary WI electricity → reverse charge → light 1#! Exposure Then, by the above-mentioned process, an electrostatic latent image is first formed on the photoreceptor 10.
The insulation 1145 of
A copy image can be obtained by further transferring the toner onto paper and fixing it. Furthermore, when making a large number of copies, by turning over the edges of the woven fabric and carrying out only development and transfer a number of times, it is possible to obtain a copy image that can be copied in a large number of seconds.

Next, an experimental example will be explained.

The first photoreceptor 10a and the second photoreceptor used in the experiment are shown in FIG.
It consists of a conductive layer 1a as a bottom layer, a photoconductive layer 2a as an intermediate layer, and insulating layers 3a and 3b as top layers. The difference between the photoreceptors 10a and 10b is the difference between the insulating layers 3a and 3b, and the material of the insulating layer 3a is an arylacetylene polymer, and the material of the insulating layer 3b is conventionally used for photoreceptors. This is PET used in

and the first photoreceptor 10a configured in this way.
and the second photoreceptor 10b, various ratios -■--■
−−−−Akebono 11−■ A comparison experiment was conducted.

First, to explain the means for producing the photoreceptor i0a, Be is deposited to a thickness of 45 mm on the conductive layer 1a made of Ni.
A photoconductive layer 2a of a functionally separated type consisting of a charge transport layer 27a and a charge generation layer 2'b is formed by depositing Se--Te--As to a thickness of 1 .mu.m. Then, on this layer 2a, an arylacetylene polymer having the following composition is dispersed using a benzene solvent,
This dispersion liquid was applied to a thickness of 15 μm and further dried to form an insulating layer 3a, thereby producing the above-mentioned photoconductor ± for use in this experiment. *Until forming 2a, the above-mentioned photoreceptor 10a
The photoreceptor 10b was prepared by bonding the PUT onto the photoconductive layer 2a using an appropriate adhesive at 10°C.

Next, the photoreceptors 10a and 10b of the above-mentioned two types were processed by means (a) of the electrophotographic process. That is, as primary charging, C-2000V was charged with a Scorotron charger, and as secondary charging (reverse charging), a DC bias of +1500 V was applied.
Perform optical image exposure at the same time as turning on KVAC Corona Teiden.
l By further exposing the entire surface to light, the insulating layer 3a,
In 3b, each formed a Jingtun Shukong.

Immediately after forming this silent area ta*, the potential difference (referred to as contrast) between the bright area potential and the dark area potential is as high as nearly 500V for both of the four photoreceptor tracks, as shown in Figure 3. I'm here.

However, when the above-mentioned residue iron is repeatedly developed and transferred to make a large number of copies, the potential change (V) of the photoreceptor 10b using conventional PET gradually changes as the number of copies increases. Vo), while the photoreceptor 10af) using the polymer of the present invention changes in potential (
It can be seen that the charge retention property is good because VL') hardly increases, and that no capri of white background occurs even when a plurality of sheets are transferred.

In addition, the EL/2 photosensitivity is 2.40-#ux esec, which is the same value as when the above-mentioned PET is used for the insulating layer, and the durability of the above-mentioned photoreceptor 10a is extremely excellent at over 100,000 sheets. there was.

In addition, when cleaning the blade for copy 1 after the transfer was completed, there was no filming in which residual metal or i-ner remained in a thin film, and good leaning properties were exhibited.

Furthermore, when we compared the initial Vc value with the Vc (-+ contrast potential) after the moisture resistance experiment was left in an experimental tank at a relative temperature of 90°C for 5 days, we obtained the results as shown in the table below. The insulating layer of the present invention had a higher contrast retention rate.

Furthermore, when comparing the corona resistance with the t)'13T insulating layer, it was found that when the PET absolute M layer was charged 10,000 to 30,000 times, the surface of the P ff 'l' insulating layer became
It was decomposed by ozone and ionic substances such as glycol were generated, and this ionic substance caused dielectric breakdown of the above-mentioned insulating layer and an increase in pinholes was observed. However, in the insulating layer containing the arylacetylene polymer of the present invention, the above-mentioned phenomenon was not observed at all.

(Effects) According to the present invention, there are fewer missing zones m, and the above (1) to (7)
In addition to satisfying ## performance of ), (8) charge retention characteristics can be greatly improved without reducing photosensitivity, (9) cleaning characteristics are good due to small coefficient of friction, and (1u) Either electrophotographic process can be used to provide a photosensitive material that exhibits overall balanced performance.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of a 7t''C photosensitive layer used in a conventional photoreceptor. FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of an insulating TD photosensitive layer to which the present invention is applied. , Fig. 5 is a characteristic diagram showing the change in the radial height when the number of copies is increased, and Fig. 4 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the photosensitive layer of the insulating layer photoreceptor used in the experiment. Yes. 1.1a...4 electric 1vi2.2a...
...Photoconductive layer 3, 3a, 3b... Insulating layer 10.10
a, 10b lll5 Photoreceptor patent applicant Olympus Optical Industry Co., Ltd.%1 section%2 section

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) In an electrophotographic photoreceptor in which the basic structure of the laminated layers is at least a conductive layer, a photoconductive layer, and an insulating layer, the upper insulating layer has an aryl having the following general formula: A photoreceptor for electrophotography characterized by using acetylene polymer resin. Aryl group, alkoxy group, aryloxy group, nitro group or cyano group, n is an integer of 0 to 5, m is a number that makes the molecular weight of the polymer 5000 or more◎ (2) A claimed photoreceptor characterized in that the thickness of the arylacetylene polymer resin layer used for the insulating layer is 3 μm or more. □