JPS60108391A - Composting method and device - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a method of fermenting waste to compost, and an apparatus for carrying out the method.

[Prior art]

Composting methods and equipment, in which industrial and daily waste such as municipal waste, agricultural waste, and livestock manure are fermented and composted, can be roughly divided into two types: rotary type using a horizontal drum, and vertical type. There are two types: the multi-layer type, which uses a multi-stage fermenter, and the plowing type, which has a horizontal box-shaped fermenter with a turning device. These types of devices and methods of composting using this device are available in various ways. It is currently used to treat industrial and domestic waste.

The rotary, multi-tiered device is designed to increase the number of turns in order to increase the fermentation rate during initial fermentation (65-55% humidity). Due to the large number of turns, mid-fermentation (55-45% humidity) and late fermentation (45-45% humidity)
The fermentation process at 35% humidity had the disadvantage that the temperature of the fermented material decreased and sufficient late fermentation could not be carried out.

In addition, these methods require equipment such as rotating a large-capacity fermentation layer, stacking large-capacity fermentation layers in multiple stages, and installing stirring blades in each tank to rotate them. It requires a very large amount of cost to construct and operate.

In the plowing type, which has a horizontal box-shaped fermenter equipped with a plowing device, the plowing device, which is equipped with a 6th plowing conveyor in a horizontal rectangular fermentation tank, is passed through the waste input port at a constant speed on the rail above the fermentation tank. A method is adopted in which the material is moved from the center toward the processing material outlet.

In this method, the number of turns in the late fermentation process, near the waste collection area, is smaller than in the above two methods, so the heat retention is good, but the number of turns in the early fermentation process, near the Zunawaji waste membrane entry area, is lower than in the two methods mentioned above. Since the amount is smaller than that of the above two methods, there are disadvantages such as poor initial fermentation efficiency and generation of bad odor.

In order to increase the initial fermentation efficiency, evaporation is carried out by ventilation from the bottom of the fermenter to increase evaporation by ventilation from the bottom of the fermenter, but if the material to be processed is highly humid, even ventilation may not be possible. Moreover, as an adverse effect, the temperature of the material to be treated is lowered, which actually reduces the fermentation efficiency.

Furthermore, in all three methods, the transfer of the material to be processed within the fermenter is uniform, and the fermentation efficiency decreases because the initial, middle, and late stages of fermentation, which essentially have different fermentation conditions, are performed under the same conditions. do.

[Purpose of the invention]

The present invention eliminates the drawbacks of the conventional composting method and apparatus as described above, and eliminates the shortcomings of the conventional composting method and equipment by performing appropriate turning times in each of the initial fermentation, middle fermentation, and late fermentation steps in a horizontal box-shaped fermenter, and generating heat during each fermentation step. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for rapidly producing a uniform and aerated compost by simultaneously destroying solids by cutting and dispersing microorganisms, as well as a device for use in this method. It is.

[Structure of the invention]

In the present invention, the material to be processed in a horizontal box-shaped fermentation tank is divided into three parts, an early part, a middle part, and a late part, from the input part side to the takeout part side. In this method, two fin conveyors having cutback blades that face each other in the longitudinal direction and rotate in opposite directions are arranged so that each opposite end moves up and down, and each other end is fixed so that a cutback machine installed on a trolley can be moved. When the machine is loaded and moved toward the loading section, only the fin conveyor on the unloading section of the machine is lowered, and when moving toward the unloading section, the fin conveyor on the loading section side is lowered.
1.- is lowered and moved over the tank while rotating the fin conveyor to remove the latter part of the material to be treated.

A method of composting by increasing the number of turns using a turning machine in the middle stage and early stage, and a method of composting by increasing the number of turns by a turning machine in the middle stage and early stage, and rotating in opposite directions on rails installed longitudinally at the top of a horizontal box-shaped fermenter. A plowing-type composting device equipped with a reverse-moving reversing device used for composting, in which two fin conveyors are movably mounted on a cart so that each opposite end moves up and down and the other end is fixed. It is.

The composting method of the present invention will be explained in more detail.

Microorganisms that are involved in the decomposition and stabilization of organic matter in industrial and domestic waste such as municipal waste, agricultural waste, and farmed animal manure are aggregations of microorganisms that originally originate from soil, water, and the atmosphere. Decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms proceeds aerobically in the presence of oxygen, and proceeds anaerobically in the absence of oxygen.

In order to carry out aerobic high-temperature fermentation of waste, the present invention includes: 1. Injecting waste from one side of a horizontal box-shaped fermenter, moving a cut-back machine that performs cut-back by rotation of a fin conveyor above the fermentation tank; By turning the switch, air is introduced into the waste, the water contained in the waste is evaporated by the heat generated by fermentation, and the decomposed organic matter gases such as carbon dioxide gas generated by fermentation are dissipated while being disposed of. In the so-called plowing composting method, which composts waste, the fermentation stage in the fermenter is roughly divided into three stages, and the first stage (initial stage) is when waste has just been input and decomposition by microorganisms is progressing. In the second stage (middle stage), the moisture content is 50 to 50%, where decomposition by microorganisms has progressed to some extent.
The 40% portion and the third stage (late stage) are the portions with a moisture content of 40% or less where fermentation by microorganisms has sufficiently progressed. In the early stage, the number of turns is increased, approximately 5 to 9 times, in the middle stage, 2 to 7 times, and in the latter stage, 1 to 3 times.
The regulations shall be determined as appropriate, taking into account the amount of waste used, the type and amount of waste, etc.

To carry out the method of the present invention, two longitudinally opposed fin conveyors, each rotating in opposite directions, are moved on rails installed at the top of the fermenter, each end of which moves up and down, and each end of which rotates in opposite directions. A turning machine installed on a trolley so as to be fixed is used.

This device will be explained with reference to Figure 1.

(11 is a rectangular trolley, and has wheels (3) at its four corners that can be moved by riding on rails (2) installed above the fermenter. Two fin conveyors +41. Opposing ends (51, (
51 is the elevator 161. (6) so that it can be raised and lowered, and the other end +71. +71 is fixed to the trolley. 2
The fin conveyors (41, (4) have turning blades QO at equal intervals around them, and these fin conveyors are rotated in opposite directions by conveyor motors (81, (81), respectively.

The truck (3) is driven by a travel motor (9).

Since the turning machine of the present invention has the above-described structure, it can be moved from any location in the fermenter to the input section or the take-out section while turning the device.

Next, examples of the present invention will be given.

〔Example〕

Waste is input from one side of a horizontal box-shaped fermentation tank with a length of 50 m, a width of 2.5 m, and a height of 2 m.The fermenter is filled with waste, and the cut-back machine is moved to the processed material removal section of the fermenter (120 minutes). Then, the fin conveyor on the take-out side of the turning machine is lowered by operating the elevator motor (see Figure 2), and the fin conveyor is turned by operating the conveyor motor and the blades scoop up the material to be processed. While rotating in the direction, the travel motor is operated and the workpiece is turned and moved on the rail toward the input section. It takes 120 minutes to move to the waste input section of the fermenter (see the entrance in Figure 2). After that, the fin conveyor on the input section side of the cut-back grain is lowered, and the cut-back machine is moved on the rail to the take-out section side (see Figure 2). This movement takes about 30 minutes to reach the initial part (see Figure 2). After that, the belt conveyor on the unloading section side of the turning machine is lowered, and the cutting machine is moved to the input section side in about 30 minutes (see the entrance in Figure 2). After moving to the input section (see Figure 2), lower the fin conveyor on the input section side of the turning machine and move the turning machine in the direction of the unloading section (see Figure 2). It takes about 60 minutes to cut back to the middle part (see the entrance in Figure 2). After that, the compost is lowered down the conveyor on the take-out side of the turning machine, and the turning machine is moved to the input part of the fermenter over a period of about 60 minutes while turning the material, and the composting operation is completed (see the opening in Figure 2).

〔Effect of the invention〕

According to the present invention, the water content on the waste input section side is high, and the raw material, which is undecomposed organic matter, is turned over many times, so that active microorganisms can spread and the layers are evenly permeable.
With good air circulation, high-temperature aerobic fermentation takes place actively, and the decomposition of organic matter in waste through fermentation progresses rapidly in the early stages. Therefore, the generation of bad odors, which is one of the disadvantages of composting, is reduced.

In addition, in the latter stage when the fermentation process is slow, the number of turns is small, so it is possible to prevent the temperature of the processed material from decreasing due to contact with the outside air due to turning. Therefore, the action of microorganisms is sufficiently carried out even in the later stages.

Moreover, since the initial fermentation efficiency is high, it has the effect of shortening the number of days required for composting.

Figure 3 is a graph showing the measured changes in moisture content and temperature in the treated material over time when it was composted using a conventional turning machine and when it was composted by the method of the present invention. It comes out.

In the figure, - indicates the temperature ("C) of the method of the present invention, - indicates the same moisture content, -x- indicates the temperature ("C) of the conventional method, and -0- indicates the same moisture content.

As is clear from Figure 3, in the case of the composting method according to the present invention, heat generation is noticeable immediately after the start of the process, fermentation takes place actively and is completed in a short period of time, and the moisture content decreases, making composting difficult. Completed in a short period of time. Therefore, it is efficient and generates little odor.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a front view of the cutting machine of the present invention in operation, Fig. 2 is an explanatory diagram of carrying out the method of the present invention, and Fig. 3 is a change in the temperature and moisture content of the material to be treated in the fermenter. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a comparison between the method of the present invention and the conventional method. In the figure, (1): Trolley (2): Rail (31: I of the trolley (4): Fin conveyor (5)
): Lifting end of fin conveyor (6): Elevator (7): Fixing part between fin conveyor and truck (8): Conveyor motor (9): Truck running motor QOI: Cut-back blade 9
・Applicant: Ishibashi Seisakusho Co., Ltd. (1 person) Agent: Masu Kobori (2 persons)

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. The material to be processed in the horizontal box-shaped fermentation tank is divided into three parts: an early part, a middle part, and a late part, from the input part side to the Kameyama part side.
Two blades are provided on the rails installed in the longitudinal direction of the same tank, and have turning blades facing each other in the longitudinal direction and rotating in opposite directions.
A fin conveyor is mounted on a trolley so that each opposite end can move up and down, and each other end is fixed so that it can be moved. Descend only the fin conveyor on the Kameyama side,
When moving toward the take-out section, only the fin conveyor on the input section side is lowered, and the fin conveyor is moved over the tank while rotating, and the latter section, middle section, and early section of the material to be processed are cut back by the cut-back machine. A composting method characterized by carrying out each process an appropriate number of times. 2. For the material to be processed in the fermenter, first lower only the fin conveyor on the side of the material take-out part of the fin conveyor having the turning blades of the cut-back machine from the material take-out port of the fermenter, and while rotating. The machine is moved while switching back to the waste input section of the fermenter, then only the fin conveyor on the input side is lowered, and the machine is moved while rotating while switching back and forth between the initial and middle stages, then the fin conveyor is switched and input is carried out. Claim 1 describes the method of moving the machine while switching back to the loading section, then switching the fin conveyor to move the machine while switching back the initial section, and moving the machine while switching back to the input section by switching the rear fin conveyor. the method of. 3. Two fin conveyors with cut-back blades that face each other in the longitudinal direction and rotate in opposite directions are mounted on rails installed longitudinally on the top of a horizontal box-shaped fermenter. Each opposite end moves up and down, and each other end 1. A composting device comprising a movable turning machine installed on a trolley so as to be fixed.