JPS5925121B2 - How to burn solid oil - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This invention burns solid oil at a relatively low fuel temperature, produces less noise, soot and nitrogen oxides during combustion, achieves complete combustion, and is easy to operate. The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for dispersing and atomizing solid oil using an oil-in-water emulsion.

Normally, solid oil has difficulty flowing at room temperature, so in order to burn it, it is necessary to heat the transfer system to the combustor to a high temperature (for example, the transfer temperature is room temperature for kerosene/A heavy oil, B- 20-60℃ for C heavy oil, 1 for asphalt
00-150°C).

In addition, in order to carry out spray combustion, combustion must be carried out by heating to a temperature of 150 cst or less (for example, room temperature for kerosene/A heavy oil, 60 to 100°C for B-C heavy oil, and 200°C or higher for asphalt). Moreover, even when burned in this manner, it is difficult to achieve complete combustion by observing the formation of soot and smoke, and therefore, a method of burning the solid matter as it is is generally used. Conventionally, asphalt l
When performing any spray combustion, the transfer viscosity is 500 cP or less (temperature is 100°C or more), and the kinematic viscosity during spraying is approximately 50 cS.
It was heated and burned to a temperature of 200° C. or lower (temperature of 200° C. or higher).

However, such heating is difficult with ordinary steam heating, and heating methods such as electric heating have been used. This had many deficiencies in terms of fuel handling, equipment repair, maintenance, and economy, as well as in terms of flammability. In addition, it had many drawbacks such as noise during combustion and generation of soot and nitrogen oxides.

Therefore, this invention aims at reducing the spray particle size (
50-150μ), extremely small particle size (usually 1
20μ), we discovered the necessity and scope of converting it to an oil-in-water emulsion, and used an emulsion manufacturing machine (for example, an agitator, an ultrasonic mixer, etc.) to heat a solid oil with a predetermined viscosity at a predetermined temperature. A surfactant solution is used to form an emulsion, which is then combusted through a predetermined fuel dispersion device (pressure spray, medium spray, dripping, etc.).This combustion method uses solid oil or The composition of the emulsion fuel is the ratio (wt%) of the oil component of the fuel material: water and, if necessary, alcohol: surfactant. teeth,
An oil-in-water emulsion having a required viscosity of 95-10:5-90:0.001-10, preferably 80-20:20-80:0.001-5 is prepared. However, for the effect of reducing nitrogen oxides (NOx), it is preferable that the moisture content is 20% by weight or more. The solid oil created in this emulsion is composed of coal tar, asphalt, pitch, wax, paraffin, wood wax, fats and oils, and substances whose main components are approximately 10,000 CP at room temperature.
J)). It is an oily substance that has a high viscosity and is difficult to flow. The liquid oils that are partially mixed include kerosene, light oil, and heavy oil (A, B
, C) is an oily substance made of naphtha and substances mainly composed of these and having a viscosity of approximately 10,000 CP or less at room temperature.

As the alcohol, a monohydric or polyhydric alcohol having 8 or less carbon atoms (for example, methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, glycerin, etc.) is used.

Examples of surfactants include anionic surfactants (fatty acid salts, higher alcohol sulfate ester salts, alkylbenzene sulfonates, naphthalene sulfonic acid formalin condensates,
dialkyl sulfosuccinates, etc.), cationic surfactants (polyoxyethylene glycol alkyl amines, alkylamido amines, alkyl amines, imidazolines,
aminated lignin, quaternary ammonium salts, etc.), nonionic surfactants (polyoxyethylene glycol alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene glycol alkyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene glycol fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid esters, etc.) are selected from various surfactants.

In addition, the emulsion contains gelatin, casein, gum arabic, sodium alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, starch, polyvinyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene, polyacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, polyethylene as stabilizers as necessary. Imide etc. are used. Next, aspects of the invention will be described based on examples.

As shown in this example, when solid oil or a fuel material in which a portion of liquid oil is mixed is mixed, the weight ratio of oil component:water and/or alcohol:surfactant is adjusted to the above-mentioned ratio. This led to widespread conversion to oil-in-water emulsion fuel.
As shown by the combustion results of combustion method (1) () () (), this method can exhibit the good characteristics described in the purpose of the header.

Preparation sample of emulsion fuel▲1-1 3 parts of surfactant polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl sodium sulfonate was dissolved in 100 parts of water, and 200 parts of this surfactant aqueous solution was heated to 60 to 80°C.
Straight asphalt (penetration 80-10
0) Gradually add 800 parts to obtain a viscosity of 4000 cP/30
An oil-in-water emulsion with an average particle diameter of about 6 μm was obtained.

Boiled sample 1-2 Dissolved in 100 parts of water and 2 parts of surfactant polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether at 60-90°C.
600 parts of straight asphalt (penetration 50-200) heated to 80-120°C was gradually added to 400 parts of this activator aqueous solution heated to 80-120°C while stirring with a mixer as before to obtain a viscosity of 75 cP/ 22℃, average particle size 3
An oil-in-water emulsion of approximately μ size was prepared.

Trial U1-3 300 parts of this surfactant solution was prepared by dissolving 2 parts of surfactant polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether in 100 parts of water and heating it to 90°C. Add 700 parts of straight asphalt (penetration 150-200) heated to ℃,
After the addition is complete, continue stirring at 90'C for 10 to 20 minutes, then stir with a mixer in the same way as sample ▲1-1 until the viscosity is 1.
An oil-in-water emulsion having a temperature of 70 cP/22° C. and an average particle size of about 2 μm was obtained.

Sample ▲1-4 400 parts of an aqueous surfactant solution prepared by dissolving 3 parts of an alkylamine surfactant in 100 parts of water and heating it to 40 to 80°C was stirred with a mixer as in Sample ▲1-1. ,1
600 parts of Prone Asphalt (penetration: 30-50) heated to 00-150°C was gradually added to give a viscosity of 60 cP/
An oil-in-water emulsion with an average particle size of about 3 μm was prepared at 25° C.

Sample ▲1-5 5 parts of surfactant polyoxyethylene alkyl ether was dissolved in 100 parts of water and heated at 80±5℃.This surfactant aqueous solution and straight asphalt heated to 100±5℃ (penetration 150 to 200) was continuously pumped using each pump at a total flow rate of 20 k9/min so that the surfactant solution: straight asphalt = 30 parts: 70 parts, and the viscosity was 230 cP. /27°C oil-in-water emulsion was prepared.

Sample ▲1-6 Dissolve 5 parts of nonionic surfactant and 1 part of polyvinyl alcohol in 100 parts of water, heat to 60~9°C, use this surfactant aqueous solution as component s, and add asphalt (penetration: 8
0 to 100) to 100 to 50 parts of heavy oil A (sulfur content 0.
77%) 0 to 50 parts were mixed and heated to 80 to 120°C.The fuel material, which is a mixture of asphalt and heavy oil A, was used as the F component, and the ratio of the S component:F component (abbreviation S/F) was 3.
5 parts to 37 parts: In the range of 63 parts to 65 parts, five types of samples ▲1-6a-e were prepared as shown in the table below.

Sample ▲1-7 An aqueous solution of 3 parts of surfactant (polyoxyethylene alkyl ether) and 1 part of sodium alginate dissolved in 100 parts of water was used as the S component, and 100 parts of No. 2 for heating pavement tar was mixed with A.
The F component is a mixture of 10 parts of heavy oil, and the S component is 70 parts.
Heat the F component to ~90°C and 100 to 120°C, and prepare an oil-in-water type with a viscosity of approximately 200 cP/30°C in the same manner as Samples 1 to 6 at a ratio of s component: F component = 30 parts: 70 parts. An emulsion was prepared.

Sample ▲1-8 Dissolve 3 parts of surfactant polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl sodium sulfonate in 50 parts of water and 50 parts of ethylene glycol, heat to 60 to 80°C, and prepare 400 parts of this surfactant aqueous solution. While stirring at 3000 rpm with a mixer, 600 parts of straight asphalt (penetration 150-200) heated to 100-120°C was gradually added to form an oil-in-water with a viscosity of approximately 50 cP/35°C. A droplet emulsion was prepared.

Sample ▲1-9 Asphalt emulsion 1 produced in sample ▲1-1
00 parts was heated to 20 to 30°C, and 5 parts of methanol was added to prepare an oil-in-water emulsion having a viscosity of 1800 cP/25°C.

Sample 1-10 2 parts of surfactant polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ether was dissolved in 70 parts of glycerin and 30 parts of water, and 300 parts of the surfactant solution was heated to 60 to 90°C and stirred with a mixer. Straight asphalt heated to 100-120℃ (penetration 200-300) 70
0 parts were gradually added to prepare an oil-in-water emulsion with a viscosity of 450 cP/35° C. and an average particle size of about 3 μm.

Sample ▲1-11 Dissolved in 100 parts of water at a ratio of 5 parts of surfactant polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, 40 to 9
While heating to 5°C and stirring 150 parts of the heated surfactant aqueous solution with a mixer at a rate of 3600 rpm,
To this, 500 parts of an oil-in-water emulsion obtained by gradually adding 850 parts of straight asphalt (penetration 150 to 200) heated to 80 to 100°C was taken, and this was mixed at 90°C with a mixer. Straight asphalt (penetration 1) was added to this while stirring at 1000 rpm.
50-200): A heavy oil (sulfur content 0.77%) -70
parts: 500 parts of the mixture at a ratio of 30 parts, 80 to 500 parts
The mixture was added gradually at 100° C. to prepare an oil-in-water emulsion containing 92.5% by weight of oil.

Sample stone 1-12 Dissolved in 100 parts of water at a ratio of 0.02 part of surfactant polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl sodium sulfonate,
This heated surfactant solution 6 is heated to 60 to 80°C.
While stirring 00 parts with a mixer at 2500 rpm, add straight asphalt heated to 80-120°C (penetration 150-200): heavy oil A (sulfur content 0.770!) = 90 parts:10 parts mixture 400
An oil-in-water emulsion having a viscosity of about 15 cP/18° C. was prepared by gradually adding 50% of the mixture.

Sample ▲1-13 Using the same method as sample ▲1-1, surfactant solution 800
part and straight asphalt (penetration 80-100) 2
An oil-in-water emulsion having a viscosity of 4 cP/13° C. was prepared.

Boiled sample 1-14 Add surfactant (polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (abbreviation: HLB) to 400 parts by weight of water.
) = 20) and 8 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol (saponification degree 88-90) were dissolved, and this surfactant aqueous solution was heated to 80 ± 5 ° C. While stirring with a mixer, 95 ± 5 Coal tar heated to 15,000 °C
cP/20°C) 600 parts by weight was gradually added until the viscosity was 9.
At 0 cP/20° C., an oil-in-water emulsion with an average particle size of about 4 μm was obtained.

Boiled sample 1-15 In 700 parts by weight of water, 1 part of surfactant (polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ether, HLB = 17) and 7 parts of polyvinyl alcohol (saponification degree 88 to 90) were dissolved.
While stirring this surfactant aqueous solution heated to 00 to 90°C with a mixer, 300 parts by weight of paraffin (melting point 428 to 44°C) heated to 800 to 90'C was gradually added to the solution to determine the viscosity. An oil-in-water emulsion of 5 cP/20° C. was obtained.

Combustion method (2) Combustion was carried out using a cooling furnace type air spray combustion device shown in Figure 1, using 80% of the asphalt emulsion fuel of sample boil 1-5.
Heating to 0~95℃, combustion oil amount 20±3t/hour, burner oil pressure 4~7kg/Cr/i, combustion air temperature 280℃
As a result of combustion under conditions of ~350°C, the excess air ratio (oxygen concentration in combustion exhaust gas measured with an oxygen analyzer) was 1.10 ~
Even at 1.30am, there was no soot and smoke and the combustion was complete.

Nitrogen oxide (NOx) (NX-1 manufactured by Dynascience)
30 model) was 220 to 250 PPM. 8
Sample ▲1
As a result of combustion of five types of asphalt emulsion fuels -6a-e, as shown in Table 2 below, it was found that the fuels burned sufficiently and completely at the same fuel temperature as C heavy oil, that is, about 80 to 100 degrees Celsius. I was able to do that.

Next, the cooling furnace type air spray combustion apparatus (FIG. 1) used in the above combustion method G) and G) will be explained.

In the figure, oil-in-water type asphalt emulsion fuel passes from a fuel tank 1 through a fuel strainer (80 taylor mesh) 2, is pressurized by a spray pump 3 to a predetermined spray pressure, and then is heated to a fuel heater 4 from room temperature to 80 to 95 The temperature is raised to 0.degree. C., and the fuel is fed under pressure to an air atomizing burner 6 via a fuel flow meter 5.

On the other hand, the compressed air 7a for spraying is supplied to the cooling furnace 15 from the compressed air 7.
The air is sent to the burner through an atomizing tube air preheater 10 installed in the flue.

In addition, the combustion air 7b is passed from the compressed air 7 through the pressure reducing valve 13, and then through the combustion tube air preheater 8 installed in the flue of the furnace. and supplied for combustion. Here, the asphalt emulsion fuel is atomized together with the atomizing compressed air 7a, and the combustion continues as the combustion air is supplied. The combustion gas passes through a furnace with 12 water-cooled walls through which hot water of 30 to 70°C passes around the four circumferences, and then to a combustion tube air preheater 8 installed in the flue.
Then, heat is exchanged in the atomizing tube air preheater 10, and the air is discharged into the atmosphere from the flue.

The cooling water of the water-cooled wall 12 is sent from the cooling water 11, passes through the water-cooled wall 12, and is discharged 14 as hot water of 50 to 70°C.

...In the uncooled furnace type air spray combustion apparatus shown in Fig. 2, four types of asphalt emulsion fuels of samples ▲1-6a-d were used in the same way as A heavy oil as shown in Table 3 below.
It was possible to achieve sufficient and complete combustion by spraying the fuel at a fuel temperature of about 50 to 100°C.

The combustion results are compared with the combustion results of only A heavy oil and are shown in Table 3. Similar to the combustion method described above, in an uncooled furnace type air spray combustion device, sample ▲1-J jar emulsion fuel and sample boiled asphalt emulsion fuel 1-13 were heated under the conditions shown in Table 4 to produce soot. Complete combustion was achieved without any occurrence of

As shown in the table above, the asphalt emulsion fuel of sample ▲113 with a low oil content was also able to be completely combusted.

Next, the uncooled furnace type air spray combustion apparatus used in the above combustion methods I[[) and (IV) will be explained.

In the figure, the oil-in-water type asphalt emulsion fuel passes through a fuel strainer (80 taylor mesh) from a fuel tank 1, is pressurized by an injection pump 3 to a predetermined spray pressure, and is then heated to a fuel heater 4 from room temperature to 80 to 80 ml. The temperature is raised to 95° C., and the fuel is fed under pressure to an air atomizing burner 6 via a fuel flow meter 5. On the other hand, the compressed air 7a for spraying is sent from the compressed air 7 to the air atomizing burner 6, and the combustion air 7b is sent to the burner wind box 91fC via the compressed air 7-9 pressure reducing valve 13 and is supplied for combustion. .

Here, the asphalt emulsion fuel is atomized together with the atomizing compressed air 7a, and is atomized into the uncooled furnace 16 (four-round firebrick wall structure), where combustion is continued by being supplied with the combustion air 7b.

The first feature of the present invention is that less soot is generated.

The particle size of asphalt emulsion dispersed in water is measured using a microscopic photograph and is about 1 to 20 μm, which is less than 1/10 of the normal spray particle size of 50 to 150 μm. . In this way, the fine particles of solid oil dispersed in water facilitate complete combustion,
It is thought that the generation of soot and smoke is reduced. The second feature is that the fuel can be transferred and combusted by heating at a relatively low temperature (usually 100°C or less).

The fluidity of this emulsion fuel, unlike oily substances (such as heavy oils A, B, and C), hardly changes depending on the temperature; This will vary depending on the mixing ratio with the liquid, so if this configuration is selected under appropriate conditions, sufficient transfer, spraying, and dispersion will be possible even at room temperature.

The third feature is that it can flow even at room temperature, so it is easy to transfer fuel at room temperature.

The fourth feature is that there is less noise during combustion.

In general, when oily substances with a high calorific value are combusted, the entire body turns into flames and combusts explosively after being sprayed, but in the case of emulsion fuel, the water film on the surface of the emulsion fuel particles increases as the temperature rises, and the particles combust sequentially. This is thought to be for the purpose of The fifth feature is that less NOx is generated.

This is because the oil-in-water emulsion fuel, in which the oil component is atomized and dispersed in water, undergoes rapid expansion due to heating during spray combustion, which further refines the dispersed particles. The water gas reaction shown in the equation makes it possible to remove local high temperature parts, making the flame temperature uniform, lowering the flame temperature due to the endothermic reaction of water, and reducing N by the water gas.
NOx is reduced by the reducing action of Ox.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is an illustrated mechanical diagram of a cooled furnace type air spray combustion apparatus, and FIG. 2 is an illustrated mechanical diagram of a non-cooled furnace type air spray combustion apparatus. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Fuel tank, 3... Injection pump, 4... Fuel heater, 6... Air spray burner, 7... Compressed air, 7a... Compressed air for spraying, 7b. ...Air for combustion.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 In the fuel composition of solid oil such as asphalt, (a) an oil whose main component is solid oil as a dispersed phase is 95 to 1
0% by weight, preferably 80 to 20% by weight, (b) water and alcohol as necessary as a continuous phase, 5 to 90% by weight;
% by weight, preferably 20 to 80% by weight, (c) a surfactant for preparing an oil-in-water emulsion, 0.001 to 1
An oil-in-water emulsion fuel containing at least 0% by weight, preferably 0.001 to 5% by weight, of the above-mentioned components is prepared to provide good dispersion and dispersion of solid oil even at temperatures below 100%.
A solid oil combustion method that enables spray combustion and complete combustion with low pollution.