JPS59224699A - Recovery of disaccharide from bulb plant - Google Patents

Abstract

Process for the recovery of disaccharides from disaccharides containing tuberous plants by mechanically reducing the tuberous plants to a mush, extracting the reduced material with water of less than 60 DEG C, subjecting the extract first to an ultrafiltration and then to a demineralisation and finally concentrating the obtained solution. In the process also mangels having a sugar content of 6-12% by weight can be used as starting material.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to monodecaccharide-containing tuberous plants (tuberous p.
The present invention relates to a method for recovering trisaccharides from trisaccharides (Lant) by first ultrafiltering and then deionizing an aqueous disaccharide solution.

The jtk juice obtained by extracting the cut daikon radish with hot water at 35-80℃ is extracted inside a steel pipe.
A cell surrounded by a canal of tissue
J, S, IIl to pass through the J Han tube in a turbulent state for continuous filtration! The diffusion method for external filtration is
n-uiSCn Tpcl 1 time 1 () old 1! ” Volume 4,
81-87 (1957). In this method, all the colloidal material is retained within the cellophane tube without occluding the membrane, and is finally forced out of the cellophane tube. The sugar solution containing all the salts is passed through a sterile membrane and removed through a small opening in the steel tube section.

This so-called sterile, dilute sap can be made completely free of all salts by means of cation and anion exchange devices, so that a solution completely corresponding to the purified sap is obtained. By processing in this way, sugar that does not contain the by-product molasses is recovered. Ordinary molasses accounts for over 176 of the sugar from sugar beet,
Its quality is inferior to sugar.

The separately extracted colloidal product contains more valuable proteins than molasses, glutamic acid, threonine, proline and phenylalanine.

Hitherto this known method has not been used on an industrial scale.

However, as the sugar industry that recovers sugar from sugar beets is constantly faced with increasing energy and labor costs, the following aspects of known methods have been examined to facilitate more costly development: (a) As the sugar content decreases after a long F-eel period,
Is it possible to find a solution to the limited storage quality (k+:+:1+iB qualities) of Yatodai J for 2 to 3 months?

(l)) It is possible to more economically extract sugar from lumpy plants, especially sugar beet.

(C) Is it possible to separate the extract and pulp more efficiently?

(rl) Can contaminants be removed from the sugar solution so that 1,+1 production by crystallizing the sugar from the sugar solution ltk is unnecessary?

Regarding point j) above, for example, by blowing cold air on the cut humpberry quince and/or drying it and treating the radish for a period of 8 to 9 months, Proposals have been made for a long time to improve the preservation quality of. However, none of these proposals has resulted in a solution that is acceptable from an industrial and economic point of view.

Regarding point (IJ) above, it is an established practical method to cut washed sugar beet into small pieces (ossette) and extract the small pieces with hot water. This step of the process is important for sugar loss balance. Common practice is to perform countercurrent hot water extraction. Sugars, which are present in dissolved form in the fluid of sugar beet cells, can escape from the cells only when the protoplasm with a semipermeable membrane is denatured or when the cells are mechanically opened. be able to. If sugar beets are crushed in any way, the sugars present in the cells will be eluted from the destroyed cells during hot water extraction, as well as all kinds of undesirable substances present in the cells. . Examples of such substances are proteins, salts, gums and polymers. This creates more problems in subsequent processing than when extracting cossets, so today only cut sugar beets are still used for extraction. When sugar beets are cut, only a few cells are destroyed, leaving the majority undamaged. Extracting sugar from intact cells requires denaturing and opening the cells at high temperatures. Such structural changes are also referred to as plasmolysis. Several phenomena appear depending on the operating temperature. 60℃
In this case, the protoplasm dies after atrophy, but when rapidly heated with '/fit:, denaturation occurs quickly (J-ro0), and most of the proteins return to their original state. My eyes are fixed.

During extraction, the sap is first washed out from the damaged cells. This causes a lot of colloidal material to elute. .

During the denaturation of the beet protein, hydration water is released, which causes the release of liquid from the inside of the cut hump beet.

Isutouda・``The form dissolved in the cut object of unon/
The majority of the sugars are stored in close-knit, narrowly branched channels that can be used for the movement of substances, after the sugar beet's cellular tissue has been denatured. For this reason, this extraction method is called the ``diffusion method'' in the 2-modified sugar beet tissue (J). Fluid exchange occurs as the sugar solution flows out. Small ions and molecules of compounds other than sugars therefore move into the sap more rapidly than larger ions and molecules. The behavior of cations also depends on the size of anions. With respect to the electronic neutrality of anions, anions can only diffuse such that the diffusion potential is greater than the potential resulting from charge separation. It retards the rapid movement of the alkali metal ions themselves.

For Pramorinse, cut sugar beets at 75%
It is desirable to heat at ~80°C as quickly as possible. This prevents the sugar present from being converted by microorganisms and resulting in sugar loss.

At such high temperatures, the cellular structure cellulose remains largely unchanged, but pectin swells and may even be destroyed over time. When the pectin content of the extract sap is high, processing of the sap becomes even more difficult. In addition, because pectin is converted,
High temperature causes structural changes in cut sugar beet products at the same time.

Therefore, the squishability of the cut radish is deteriorated, and the capillary system in the cell tissue of the cut radish is closed by the swelling process. As the narrow passages become smaller and more or less closed, the sugar extraction efficiency is reduced and diffusion losses become more severe.

So - what about C extraction? SI pH is not optimal.

Regarding point (11) above, the extract and valve can be separated (1).In order to get a good separation, the valve is squeezed at the end of the TJ process, but as explained in point (b) above. , ΦΦ, which is present in the tissues of the radish, can no longer achieve optimal separation in terms of suppressing the extraction of the sugars still present here.

-1 Regarding the series of points (1''), it is necessary that the water used for extraction be as pure as possible. In particular, water does not affect the purification of the sap, contains soluble substances, and must not contain -C. In particular, water with a content J of alkaline metal salts is disadvantageous. The reason for this is that such salts suppress the crystallization of polyester sugars, thereby increasing the yield of undesired molasses.

To achieve optimal crystallization of sugar during further processing, the crude liquor is heated to 85° C. and mixed with excess slaked lime.

The free acids present form insoluble salts with slaked lime as well as many other contaminants, such as protein aggregates.

Some of the lime forms carunum monozalacarate;
Other parts will dissolve. The sticky precipitate is not filterable. For this purpose, carbon dioxide and water vapor are introduced to decompose carunium monozalacalate and form insoluble carbonate by the dissolved lime. The carbonate produced can be filtered.

After two rounds of saturation and filtration, a thin sap with a sugar content of approximately 15% by weight is obtained. This sap is subjected to a multi-stage process to produce a saturated solution containing 85% sugar.
) Concentrate under vacuum until j crystallizes out. To obtain a product with a sugar content of approximately 100%, "Mass Quit" is separated from the alkaline mother liquor by centrifugation, IRE
The process must then be repeated several times using the mother liquor, which is an alkaline liquid, until the molasses remains as an undesired by-product.

In the present invention, the above-mentioned disadvantages can be solved by mechanically dividing the disaccharide-containing white lumpy material into a thick porridge (
m u : + ll), and this subdivided substance is f
We have found that this can be solved by extracting 1 kL with water at a temperature lower than iO<0>C, first ultrafiltering this extract, then -C desalting, and concentrating the resulting solution.

By simply subdividing the lumpy 41+'i product into a thick porridge, the sugar present in 1.1 can be extracted by diffusion, which is necessary in the case of truncated tutdyneinone, without the need for extraction. The sugars present in dissolved form (r) in the cells of clumping plants can be
-9-(
It can be washed out.

(i + I t: Since water with a lower temperature is used, non-sugar components are extracted to a lesser extent than in the case of hot water extraction as explained in point 1 () of the second series.For this reason, the second series of Several purification operations can be omitted.

Mechanical preparation of Koiwa porridge can be carried out, for example, by grating using a grater, a centrifugal pump with an open blower, or a vibrating mill, which are commonly used in the Barei/Yo industry. It is preferable to use the grater mentioned above.

After subdividing the hump beets, the beet juice and beet pulp are separated. This can be done more efficiently than known methods. The reason for this is that during the subdivision of clumpy plants, almost all the cells are opened and no degeneration of unopened cells occurs at high temperatures. A suitable separation method is as follows.

a. Use of a centrifugal sieve with a rotating basket capable of washing out cell fluid i'-1; b. Use of a vacuum band filter; C. Use of a solid ball decanter with a scroll.

The product solution is then ultrafiltered, leaving all colloidal material and undissolved components in the retentate. The permeate contains more sodium and potassium salts than the thin sap produced by classical methods. The reason for this is that most of the potassium and sodium salts that end up in the sugar in the classical process end up in the permeate in the process of the invention. To remove these salts, it is necessary to introduce the permeate -', i□ -1, into an exchanger.

First, the size of the liquid that exists within the subdivided substance
It is preferable to separate the components from <+< and then extract with water at a temperature below 10°C.

The time between the contact stations in extraction 111 is 1!2 hours or more, but the extraction is instantaneous at the time of the first contact with water, so the contact time shown in 2) is required: It is.

Furthermore, how much water do you use for extraction? (1) Selection is made so that the sugar content of the sugar solution to be prepared is 12-IIIrl'1ffi%.

Another important advantage of the present invention is that the permeate obtained by carrying out ultrafiltration, ion exchange and concentration is pure (1), and that the crystallization can be carried out in multiple stages to obtain nearly pure beet sugar. There is no need to do this, and saccharide is obtained as a by-product at the end. Concentrated solutions can be concentrated and/or cooled to saturation to crystallize out the sugars present in the solution, but this step is obviously unnecessary for purification.

The delivery of pure concentrated sugar syrup is also important for economic reasons. The reason for this is that many industrial uses of sugars may start with concentrated solutions.

Another advantage is that in the method of the present invention, it is not necessary to convert a substance foreign to sugar to carry out a specific reaction, and therefore there is no need to remove the substance foreign to sugar after the completion of this specific reaction. be. That is, the process of the invention is carried out without adding any reactants.

”Besides the dual advantages, the present invention also has other important advantages:
Zunawara uses mangel instead of so-called hump radish (
It has the advantage that it can be used as a starting material.

For many years now, beet sugar has been extracted from radish with a sugar content of 16-19% by weight by extracting the radish with water using the method described above, then roughly removing the pulp.
The product is treated with lime and carbon dioxide to precipitate pectin and albumin, after which the precipitate is removed and the resulting sap (thin sap) is concentrated by evaporation to crystallize the sugars from the saturated solution. -C is recovered by separating the crystallized sugar. .

Now 1" 1: When recovering sugar, the sugar content is (j ~ 12
The fact that only 1rcj@% of mangel can be used as a starting material is based on economic reasons and process logic.
Since then, I couldn't think of anything. That is, when processing mangel, significantly more pulp is produced than when processing hump beet. ) was expected to happen.

Compared to the root of the Japanese radish, the root of Mangel contains much more sodium, a lot more potassium, a little more magnenut, and a little less carunium. Therefore, the conversion of K + Na to Mg→[:a is significantly larger than in the case of hump beet. Detailed data on this is available at l
-Madelingen van 1Ic1.1n
st,il,uut voo+! 1uik+! r
biel: enteclt j, llergen
op Zo+or Netherlands, September 1940 and rf) e onder in Volume 9 of 1939 of the same society.
scheiding van 5uikerbie-t
enrassen op grond van m1n
erale samenstellingvan 1o
af en wortel J (Pl,ll,, v
An Ginneken).

As explained above in point (d) above, in the methods practiced to date, the presence of a large number of sodium and potassium ions in the sugar-containing extract is extremely detrimental to the economics of the method. It's a profitable thing.

Moreover, high potassium content promotes the production of large amounts of molasses.

However, the advantages of using mangel are as follows: 1) When using sugar beet as a starting material, it is necessary and common to pay for the supplied beet based on the sugar content; When mangel is used as the starting material, the price of the supplied beets is determined by weight. That is, the yield of mangel per unit surface area kneeker is significantly higher than the yield of beetroot per unit surface &f kneeker, so the variation in sugar content becomes less important; 2) mangel as starting material for recovering beet sugar; By using it, processes in sugar mills can be better streamlined. This principle 111 is
This is because mangel can be stored for more than 7 months, whereas radish can only be stored for 2 to 3 months. The "work season" will be extended from about 3 months to about 7 to 1 (j) months.

In this regard, it is important to explain the differences between sugar beet and mangel.

The god of both Beatri is Beat Betaburkaris (lI
+qtavul)4aris) is super thick. Several species have been developed over the last decade through mutation from this original beet, and their properties determine the final use. The two aspects, namely the yield per surface area at r111 (H) and the sugar content, are more or less incompatible.

Mangel or maBold has the highest yield of beets per unit surface area and the highest yield of sugars per unit surface area, but ``the sugar content per beet is low, so a large amount of pulp is obtained as a by-product.'' . In most cases, these beet species mature very slowly, so they have many leaves at harvest time.

These beet species utilize water supplied to the soil better than other beet species. These beet species are therefore better resistant to long drying periods. When using the same amounts of water and nutrients, these beet species produce more dry matter than sugar beet.

However, these beets are not suitable for sugar recovery by known methods. The reason for this is that the amount of bulbs obtained per unit weight of beet is significantly higher than when sugar beet is used as the starting material, and the sugar content per unit weight of beet is extremely low.

Although sugar beet has a high sugar content, the amount of beets per unit surface area is lower than that of mangel. The amount of sugar beet leaves at harvest time is significantly lower than that of the beetle, which is in the original crop.
'j' Without a1 recovery, sugar beet is more suitable than mangel. The reason for this is that the amount of pulp recovered per beat of m-heavy sugar is small and the amount of sugar recovered is large.

A fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described.

-Blade groove! '' The mangel was washed and then finely divided using a grater such as that used in the Jaleyo Starch-Tl industry. The grated product obtained in this way is Zunawaji”j
I':'Nagayu is suitable for countercurrent continuous multi-stage cleaning operation1)
Flushing with 81° water and then separating the valve and liquid was accomplished using a solid ball decanter with scroll. Use 3 such decanters in series, and remove $1 from the last decanter after 3 mouths. li
L and dry monster quality: 3! The pulp that had been centrifuged for IR1 until the arsenic content was removed was taken out. This last decanter was fed with the already part 1:ia sugarized bulb from the second stage decanter mixed with 10°C pure water.

This operation was carried out in a self-flow manner, so there was a minimum amount of water wall. This amount adds 3% of the drying pulp from the 3rd stage to the drying material.
If it is known that it can be easily centrifuged down to 5% by weight, it can be calculated by allowing some loss of sugar in the pulp.

The same operation was repeated three times. Cell sap was obtained from the first stage decanter and used as feed material for ultrafiltration.

The first stage was fed with thick porridge from the grater mixed with diluted cell sap from the second stage.

A permeate and a retentate were obtained in ultrafiltration.

The retentate contained protein, pectin and gum. The retentate was further purified, for example, by introducing the permeate, which was mixed with the obtained desaccharified valve and sold as livestock feed, into an ion exchanger and treated with a decolorizing adsorbent.

In this way, Hei's extremely pure sugar syrup was perfectly suitable for human consumption.

Example 2 The thick porridge from the grater of Example 1 was desugarized and dehydrated by multistage countercurrent washing with centrifugal sieves.

The 1ζ, desweetened pulp was then further squeezed in order to adjust the moisture content and thus bring the sugar loss to an economical level.

The cell sap, thus (1) and slightly diluted, was treated as described in Example 1.

Example 3 Using a grater such as the one used in the Halicone Starch Industry, 1 to 2 pieces of IflflOkg mangel was divided into thick 1" 1r porridge. This thick porridge was passed through a centrifugal separator to make 4" thick mangel. The pulp was directly separated into 100 kg of pulp and 100 kg of cell sap.Then, the pulp was washed with 390 kg of 1]1 water to desugar the pulp as much as possible. External filtration was performed as long as possible.
ration) Before, water at 1r℃! 1flkl<
was added to dilute 89 klZ of the retentate from the first ultrafiltration, which was desugarized to remove most of the sugar. The final infusion i ((liquid must have contained 1% by weight of sugar). The weight iO [1 kg of permeate or filtrate thus purified must contain 97% by weight of sugar (by optical polarimetry) and 13
．． It contained 4 (w/w)% dry matter.

Added sugar content is 5.4 (Ill/l1l) on dry matter basis
)%Met.

This purified liquid juice was then sequentially desalted using a cation exchange resin and an anion resin. This purified sap was almost colorless and contained only 5 (W/I'l)% non-sugar substances on a dry matter basis.

The sap was concentrated in an evaporator to a dry matter content of 7] (1'l/W) %. The white sugar obtained by crystallization was of excellent quality and was not inferior to other granular forms of 17j.

Example 4 Cutting a 450 kg mangel into a maximum size of 3 cm using a cutter
subdivided into small pieces. The pre-sliced pieces were fed into a homogenizer via a screw pump to grind the beets into a thick porridge.

Then this J1°3°11. J Nagayu was treated as described in Example 3.

Example 5 600 kg of grated thick, long, and zunawachizuri (Example; At this time, the PAL buoy body was made to flow counter-currently to the liquid tank 1.

The pulp in the final stage was deflated and sipped using 235 kg of 9°C water. The centrifuged pulp from the second stage was desugarized using the centrifuged liquid from the fourth stage.

This was done in the third stage. The centrifuged liquid was directed to the centrifuged iJX+ pulp from the second stage, and the pulp from the third stage was directed to the 1114 stage.

The centrifuge mixture and pulp coming from the third stage were dewatered in the second stage.

′! Aliquots from the IS 2 stage were combined with 1 undiluted cell i'fk from the 1st stage. In this way, a slightly diluted -C cell sap (520 kg) was obtained. The i'llj juice was subjected to ultrafiltration and tested for protein, gum and pectin.

Rats were treated as described in Example 4.

In this case as well, sugar granules with good quality similar to those in the previous Sijeong Example were obtained.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. In recovering trisaccharides from disaccharide-containing lumpy plants by first ultrafiltrating and then ion-exchanging a trisaccharide aqueous solution, the said lumpy plants are mechanically subdivided and concentrated. 3 from a blocky plant, characterized in that it is boiled, the subdivided material is extracted with water at a temperature below 60° C., the extract is first ultrafiltered and then desalted, and the resulting solution is concentrated. How to recover sugars. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein most of the liquid present in the grated plant block is extracted and the liquid is extracted with water at a temperature of 10°C or less. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the extraction is carried out with water at a temperature of 10°C or less for a contact time of 0.5 hours or less. 4. The extraction is carried out using an amount of water such that the sugar content of the produced sugar solution is 12 to 14% by weight.
3. The method according to any one of 3 to 3. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein mangel having a sugar content of 6 to 12% by weight is used as the blocky plant.