JPS59223503A - Pneumatic tire - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To suppress fretting and improve durability, by specifying twisting of wires which form a steel cord of a tire so as to permit rubber to sufficiently enter a space between twisted wires. CONSTITUTION:Nine element wires 2 are wound around a central layer of a core strand formed by twisting four element core wires 1 to form an intermediate layer, and fourteen element wires 3 are wound around the intermediate layer to form an outside layer. Therefore, a total number of the element wires is 4+9 +14. Further, the whole is reinforced by a steel cord consisting of element wires having substantially equal diameters. With this arrangement, a free space in a high proportion may be defined, thereby permitting rubber to sufficiently enter the space. Accordingly, when the steel cord is used in a tire, a sufficient anti- separation strength may be obtained, and a totally well-balanced characteristics may be obtained as to anti-fatigue performance, generation of rust and fretting, etc. as a tire cord.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] This invention relates to pneumatic tires for automobiles.

More specifically, the present invention relates to improvements in steel cords used as reinforcing materials for automobile pneumatic tires. In particular, the improvement of the present invention resides in the structure of the steel cord, which is structured so that rubber can penetrate and fill the gaps between the steel cords in order to improve the corrosion resistance of the steel cord.

In recent years, as automobiles have become faster due to improvements in automobile performance and the expansion of expressway networks, steel cords have come to be widely used as reinforcement materials for automobile tires that can withstand high speeds. When steel cord is used as a side reinforcement material for large radial tires installed on large buses and large trucks, due to the high hardness of the steel filament, part of the cord may be damaged due to the fretting phenomenon caused by contact between the filament and the soil. The filament surface may be cut, or the filament surface may wear out, forming an irregular uneven surface on the contact surface, which becomes an entry route for water that has entered through scratches on the side of the tire, causing rust on the steel cord. However, there was a problem in that the running durability of the tire decreased.

Conventionally, in order to increase the strength per unit cross-sectional area of a steel cord used as a tire reinforcing material, a three-layer steel cord of 3×9×15 as shown in FIG. 1 has been used. The steel cord in Figure 1 has three core wires 1
, a middle layer consisting of 9 Chumai lines 2 , and an outer layer consisting of 15 exterior lines 3 . The wires are closely spaced or the spacing between the strands is very close.

Therefore, since the wires (filaments) are in contact with each other, the above-mentioned problem occurs.

As a method to solve this problem,
The invention described in the publication is introduced. For example, in a steel cord with a 3+9+15 structure, in order to prevent rubber from entering the cord, this method creates gaps by thinning out the number of wires in the core layer, intermediate layer, and outer layer of steel structure 1 to 1. However, it is possible for rubber to enter into this gap, and its configuration is 2+7+12 structure. However, this steel structure has the following drawbacks. That is, (1) the number of wires in the cord structure is reduced because the strands are thinned out, and as a result, the strength is reduced by that amount. ■The production weight of Steel Two 1~ decreases, the production base per hour decreases, and productivity becomes a problem. Above ■■
Due to these disadvantages, it is necessary to increase the number of cord ends during tire production, and as a result, the gap between the cords decreases as a secondary phenomenon, resulting in a tendency for the peel resistance to decrease. It is.

The object of the present invention is to reduce the fretting phenomenon between the filaments of a steel cord as a tire reinforcing material, and to provide a pneumatic tire with excellent running durability.

That is, in this invention, nine wires are wound around a core wire made of four wires twisted together to form an intermediate layer, and 14 wires are further wound around the intermediate layer to form an outer layer. . This pneumatic tire has a 4+9+14 structure and is reinforced with 1° steel cords, with all wires having approximately the same diameter.

This figure shows an example of the cross section of the steel cord of the present invention, in which nine central American wires 2 are wound around the outside to form an intermediate layer, and 14 outside wires 3 are further wound around the outside to form an outer layer. to form a steel cord as a whole.

In this case, the spacing between the Chumai wires constituting the intermediate layer and the spacing between the exterior lines constituting the outer layer are as follows, since the thickness of each strand constituting the steel cord of the present invention is approximately the same.
A free space is inevitably formed, and the rubber enters this space.

Next, the present invention will be explained in detail based on examples.

Example (]) Wire for steel cord First, the wires shown in Table 1 were created.

Steel cords shown in Table 2 were made and their physical properties were measured.

Group A is a code with improved rubber penetration of 3+9+15X0.22, A-1 and A-2 are comparative example codes (JP-A-54-50640), and (A-5 is a control). In both cases, the strength is low because the number of wires has been thinned out from the roll to Con1. The code used in this invention is 4 + 9 + l4x0.22 of A-4, and A
The free space ratio is larger than the -5 code.

In addition, the productivity of the code was determined by the ratio with Con 1 Herol, but it is proportional to the ratio of strength. However, when cords with different wire diameters are used, productivity tends to decrease as a matter of course.

In addition, group B is Ficimen 1-2 with a diameter of 0.175.
Additional thin wires are tightly wrapped around 5 to 27 cords at short pitches. This is to give the code more stable structural characteristics.

(3) Pneumatic tires Next, use B-4, -8, -9 and -1O codes for the carcass to make 1000R2014P R tires in Table 2.
Made with the number of ends listed. Among the results of the drum test, the strength retention rate is shown in Table 3.

Table 3 Note) Test stabbing: Internal pressure 6 kg/an” load J I S
120% 45km/t I Stop measurement after driving 1 time in 7 directions under the above conditions.

As shown in Table 3, in the steel cord of the TB-1 tire, the free space of the outer layer wires was too large, causing a so-called offset phenomenon inside the cord, and causing fretting between the outer layer wires. Ideally, it is considered that an unbalanced phenomenon that cannot occur occurs somewhere in the longitudinal direction of the cord, causing fretting. Also, in the ■3-2 cord, four of the core wires were cut at right angles to the wire axis at a point just above the maximum width of the tire, and of course it became impossible to measure the strength of the wires and the core was cut, so the surrounding As a result of being squeezed around the wire, the strength tends to decrease.

Moreover, the strength of the wires in each layer varied greatly, resulting in an unstable situation. B-2 coat is Utility Model No. 56-10309
It is known as the code developed by No. 3.

On the other hand, in the pneumatic tire TB-3 of the present invention, the wires in each layer fatigue evenly, there is little variation, and the tenacity retention rate is high. One of the reasons is that the code structure is 4+
Since the wire diameters of the 9+14 wires are almost the same, there is no deformation, and an ideal cross-sectional structure that is stable in the longitudinal direction can be maintained compared to other cord configurations, making it superior in this respect. Next, the coat was loosened from each tire and observed under a microscope for the occurrence of rust and fretting. The results are shown in Table 4.

Table 4 As shown in Table 4, "In the tire TB-3 of the present invention, neither the flexoching phenomenon nor the occurrence of rust was observed in the core layer, middle layer 11 (1), and outer layer.

The pneumatic tire of this invention has the above structure, that is, 4+9
In order to use a steel cord with a structure of +14, the strength of the cord is the same as 3 + 9 +15, and the strength of the cord is the same as 3 + 9 + 15.
Even though the number remains the same and the cord productivity is the same, the peel resistance when used as a tire is sufficient compared to this.
Furthermore, when used in tire cords, it has well-balanced and excellent characteristics in terms of fatigue resistance, rust formation, and overall fretting phenomenon, and has other features such as the wires that make up the cord fatigue evenly.

Moreover, it goes without saying that the steel coat 1- of the present invention can be appropriately used as a tire reinforcing material in the carcass part, part of the chaver, and part of the bell 1.

4. Description of the Drawings FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a conventional tire steel cord, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a tire cord of the present invention.

1: Core wire 2: Central American wire 3: Outer wire Patent applicant Toyo Rubber Industries, Ltd.
1゜Indication of Voluntary Procedures Amendment 1, Matter A 11 1988 B 62)”j2
, Name of the invention pneumatic tire 3, Relationship with each thing to be corrected 1 person Special πF 8i 1 person 1-1 Tobori, '11, Nishi-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka Prefecture] 17th, 18th month (3
1/l) Tosho-j to Wangye Stock] (Representative Akane Okazaki Masaaki 4, Agent 5!i (1 person 1 Akiyama Nishi 1 person 11J1 Hori 1-J'-L
,'l 25 Old 3 Q 3'jj Full text in the specification OJ, Hi Fig. 3.

6. Inner correction -- Akira
11 Kawa 1, Name of the invention (air tie) 7 2. Claims (1) Core 1 containing four strands twisted and separated - winding nine strands around the center layer of the land ( J is the middle layer, 14 strands of wire are wound around the middle layer of the middle layer, and the outer layer is 4→-9-1-14. The diameter is almost the same.
Pneumatic tie ＼7° (2) Reinforcement of the carcass of pneumatic tie 17 with steel rod (characteristic δ′ [Claim 1
L! Air tie J7゜(3) Steel structure 1-1- is connected to air tie ＼7゜(3)
-Hun 7- Resilience Rrj used as a reinforcement moon J This range Air tie \7゜ (4) Spool = 1-1~ is air tie \7 Bell 1
4Ji A'l Claim 1 used as a reinforcement of ~
The diameter of the wire of the air tie ＼7゜(5) steel wire is 0.15～
The air tie according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 11 (d) having a range of 0.25111 m.

The present invention relates to an air tie 17 for an automobile. History 3■L
, < relates to the improvement of the steel needle 1-1 as a reinforcing member forming the air tie \7 for automobiles. In order to improve the corrosion resistance, rock contact, and fatigue resistance of the steel steel sheet, the invention has a structure in which rubber can penetrate and fill the gaps between the steel sheets. It is located in the groove of 1-D.

In recent years, as automobiles have become faster due to improvements in automobile performance and the expansion of the expressway network, C-street I- has been used as a reinforcement shrine for tie-hiki 7 as a small automatic tie-off that can withstand eight speeds.
It is widely used. Large buses and large (
・Large Rashishi that can be taken on the rack/Retai λ7
J3, E's r + li strength (Δ doji (If you use Subur needle 1-do, the hardness 1 quality of the wire is
, 1° may cause part of the cord to break when the strands come into contact with the soil floor due to the knopping phenomenon, or the surface of the strands may be worn out and the contact surface may be damaged. By forming a regular uneven surface, the effective area of steel T, J-1 is reduced, resulting in low strength ■, F, and hearth 1-4! There are 641 cases where a serious failure occurs. Also ゛-1-
I looked at the light 111 on the screen 1--2 1-- and saw where the water entered from the crack inside the tie 171 or from the scratch on the nod part of the tie 171. ``I had a problem with Hisatake decreasing.

Traditionally, Thailand 17? In order to increase the strength per cross-sectional area of the steel structure 1-, which is often used in steel structures with a strength of 4A, the following values are shown in Fig. 1: 31-9 + 1
! '5's 33-layer floor unit is used up-C
There is. 1 Steel needle 1-(ma,;)・; line 1 in Figure 1
The core consists of 3 trees, 1~land middle layer, base 1'3
i! Intermediate layer J3 consisting of 9 pieces of 2 and 1 of 33
From the outer hVi consisting of 55 wires (t1 and C to I, between the strands between each layer, or between the M-connecting wooden wires in the same layer, or between 1 and 1 element 1+i) If the spacing is very close (1, therefore, the phase, 1), the strands of strands (the neuramentons are in contact, 4, b -, 1"C) will cause a problem.

How to solve this problem
The defense described in Publication No. 1-506'I0 is introduced.

This method can be used, for example, for the 3-l-9-t1b structure
- In order to prevent rubber from entering the inside of the steel cord, the number of strands in the center layer, intermediate layer, and outer layer of the core 1 to run 1 of the steel cord must be thinned out. Due to the gap formed, during this time! It: It is possible for rubber to enter i (, i's (to 1 or 2 +
7-1-121f4 construction etc. are described. However,
This steel structure has the following drawbacks:

J4T straw, ■ -1-de after thinning the strands. The production limbs of f-runi 1-de decrease and the production per hour is N1 or similar, production ↑1
1 becomes a problem.

Due to the drawbacks of ■ and ■ above, Tie X/4l-ill
: In ll'j, there is a gap that increases the number of endings of ]-do, and as a result, secondary phenomena-(' ]
The gap between -1 and 11 is reduced and the peel resistance is 11 (]
This causes the 1ffi direction of .

This invention utilizes steel as a reinforcing material for tie X7.
The purpose of this invention is to reduce the fretting phenomenon between the individual strands of strands of 1-I-, so that all the strands behave uniformly, and to provide air tie hair with excellent running durability.

In other words, in this invention (31, 4 cable wires are combined in J proportions, 9 cable wires are connected around the center layer of the core 1 to land, and the middle intermediate layer η is connected by δ). Furthermore, 1) 1/I wooden thread lines were made into an outer layer around the middle layer in item 11 with 5δ I pieces,'
I 1-9-L 1 'I 4c, and the air ties (7) are reinforced with steel rods having the same diameter (i≦).

Figure 2 shows an example of the [01 side] of the spool 2J-1- of this defense. Wrap 9 wooden wires 2 around L) to form an intermediate layer, then wrap 14 ropes 3 around the outside of A to form an outer layer with a sling, and coat the entire steel coat. 14 will be formed.

', 'E aj, the interval between the 1j and 11 strands of the middle layer and the interval between the strands of the outer layer are approximately equal to the thickness of each of the 14 strands of the steel cord of this invention. Same - (Because of this, a free space between f and b is formed, and the rubber invades this space.
·be.

It should be noted that the wrapping wire wound around the steel sheet may be wound as desired depending on the purpose, as in the past.

Next, this invention will be explained in detail based on examples.

Example 1゜ ■Spool D-1-D clear mist 5;j First, the strands shown in Table 1 were prepared.

(Ijuji Makoto) □(.

Table 1 ■ Spool 1 - Make the spool 1-1 in Table 2 and measure each physical property.

△Kurrep in Table 2 is △-5) 3 +9-1-1
5X0.22 l-2" with improved rubber penetration.
1, △-1, △-2 are comparative examples (1!
506/IQ) TJ-do (, (Δ-5 is -1-1-1-1) because of the b' elemental line.)
Since it was thinned out from 1-R, its strength is low. Code number used in this defense, l, △-4 4-to 9 +14 x○, 2
2te-a-) (, free space compared to =1-t of Δ-5: ¥
It's human. The productivity of the cord is expressed as a ratio to the control, and it is proportional to the strength ratio. However, if a cord with a different wire diameter of 4'' is used, naturally the bamboo production tends to decrease.

In addition, the 13th group has a cable wire diameter of 0.17 tj21)
27 The j of the wooden cord is wrapped tightly with a thin wire or a short big wire.
Rir.

This [;1 code is further stabilized (j4) Blue Q:j
This is for the purpose of increasing tj.

C group 4; L O, -1-de 1 with a wire diameter of 15 mm
7. Blasphemy! , ]] group has a wire diameter of 0.25 mm.

(Tsujisada) Table 2-3 Table 2-1 (N-Sat) -+ -Toguji includes Notsvinck wire. zu.

'-1 ~ Cattle production ('1 index is Δ-55, 13-/I, C-
2. Compare D-2 with the index T OO and C's 1! , = There is a thing C.

] - Corrected table 2 of layer core circumference of each layer.
If we increase the number of ends to 1, the strength per 2.5 cm width is approximately 3240 kg, / 2.5 cm, and in [-t] such as △-1, the strength is lower and the number of ends is lower. Therefore, the distance between 1-t and 1-t (-1-t space) or t! 3: Rinari, for this reason] - Master of Do,
Because the lower level's power is reduced, the power of the four powers is low.

However, the cited Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 54-50640 has some unexpected defects. Even if +3 is in 13 crew 1, the tendency is the same as tJ.
, conventional 3 +9 +1541+f spool -1-
Compared to 1-1, it is more powerful, peeling 1, and the number of ends are not inferior, and the productivity of =1-do is not only not affected by 1, but in particular, the free space ratio for 4Y people is reduced by 1q. J, T, C
Group, 1 Crew, 1 Nid3 Ite, as well, C
-3,D -3(D''-de) provides a large free space ratio.

Next, we will take an example of 1~tubing rubber that has been covered with a steel plate.

1 ~ Tubing rubber compounding example Natural rubber ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・
... 100 Heavy items! -1Δ” ・・・・・・・・・
・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ c) J5/``
)0 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・
・・・・・・ 7 Stearic acid ・・・・・・・・・・
・・・・・・・・・ 11 ~ Limethyl dihydre () Quinone hand combination ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・
2SiOz・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・
・・・・・・・・・ 8a.

Resorcinol ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・
・・・ 2.55 Melamine derivative ・・・・・・・・・
・・・・・・ 2.5 Punodenic acid copal 1− ・・
・・・・・・・・・ 2.5 parts by weight d3 ・・・・・・
.........
j3■ Air tie A7゜Next, r3-1.3-2.13-3 and l:3-/l
=I-(・using carcass l00OR2014
1- River tie 1/2] (produced with the number of 1-nds listed).

The relationship between the strong retention rate and the coefficient of variation of the strong retention rate is shown in Table 3.

(Tie tIN ('l
, respectively +13-'I, r13-2, rB
Take -3, +13-/1.

(Next page below L) 3rd person (note) Tes i-row i'1: Internal pressure 61tQ/
cm2 weight JI3 120% speed /45km/H Above article I! l l; 7 no j k operation 17ti roasting (stop measurement.

Standard Iij deviation coefficient of variation - - The white rain space was filled with people, causing a so-called off-centering phenomenon inside the dome, which caused the rutting of the outer layer cable line of the soi N. It is thought that the fretting occurred somewhere in the longitudinal direction of the 7.
The four wires of the cable wire in the center layer are cut at right angles to the wire axis from the maximum width of tie
It is impossible to measure the strength of Shichirun 1 Noi 1/ Because the core broke, the surrounding wire A7 tends to wrinkle, and the strength of the wires in each layer is extremely low. The situation is unstable due to uneven lightning. 13-2-Ll-
Do is Jima n! It is known as the code devised by Ib 6-103093.

On the other hand, Tonozat Akira's! 1 Adventure Quiri 71 D-
3. The wires in each layer fatigue evenly: There is little variation and the strength retention rate is low. One of the closed mines [, 1, the configuration of the needle 1-de is 449-1-1/I, and the diameter of the cable wire forming the IM of this = 1-de is +J: i + c times- However, compared to other configurations, it has an ideal cross-sectional structure that is stable in the longitudinal direction. For this skewer, look at the strength retention rate and coefficient of variation of the strands of each layer in Table 3. It can be said that there is little and is stable at a high level.

Next, we removed the -1-de from each tie 17 and observed the fretting phenomenon under a microscope, and the results are shown in Table 4.

(Ijujisada) '1゜Table 4 As shown in Table 4, the tie A7'r 13 of this invention
In the case of -3, no rusting phenomenon or rust was observed in the center layer, middle layer, and outer layer.

Air tie t/IJ of this invention, L crystal i: lj4 construction,
Lee: So, the steel structure is 4+9+14; in order to use i-do, the chord strength is 3+9-1-15.
The number of C ends is the same, f, 21-de production 1.
Although 1 is the same, compared to this, -C tie has sufficient peeling resistance when applied with 1 knot, and Iζ tie,
i7" - fatigue resistance, rust light - 1, fretting phenomenon, etc., are well-balanced and better than the special contract, and the cable wires that make up the second I-do are evenly distributed. It has many characteristics such as being tiring.

Embodiment 2 This embodiment is an example in which a spool 1-de is used for the rotation. The tie 171 noise used is not shown in Figure 33.
1R22.5 Boukope tie-7 and it's a pass.

In the figure, 4 is 1-red, 5 is bell 1-. 6 is a carcass ply, 7 is a tire L-bar, and 8 is a bead knee 17. The codes used are B-1, 13-2, B-3, and
B-/I group ゛ symbol -1- code to carcass
-Used for bars.も[-bar is 1 to tsupin ni 1-
9417 circumferential direction (J30
The angle of inclination (=J) is shown in Figure 3, which shows a cross-sectional view of the tie (7). -J 1~Lee Is, ni゛-
``Toy'' nearby or J, bending over a severe row I'
I gave it a good rating.

J3, +3-1, +3-2. 13-3 and 13-4 paste loop symbol "-1-"
Cl-1-3, T Cl-1-/I and J.

(Next page below) To Table 15 1 Ram jsu 1 ~ Song Air LI: April (su, /C1112 Hayamaro: 25kn+, /I+ - Load: 210% This drum test, B-1 tie\7 In this case, the lack of peeling strength in Table 2 is reflected in b, and the bridge between the cord and rubber layer of the bar is small. Tie 7j, [3-2] - probably because of its high bending rigidity, saw cracks occurred at the upper end of the chamber and grew outwards from tie 7, resulting in -1. B-4 was also the same (
It was one block and one direction. B-34,1: As shown in Table 5, the longest running distance is shown in Shinoku.The failure condition is that the dest row 1 is too severe (Tie 1) and the internal temperature rises for a long time. As it lasted for a long time, Inno-Rhino-
? It becomes viscous and the flow of soil causes 4 swells and stops.
, -1 From this result, the present invention] 3-3.

Example In this example, ′! This is a death 1-shi version of the state used for the bell 1 to layer of 1'''Ki Tie\I.Tie\7'' Noise 14
, ' B OR20's tie nine was prepared and comparisons were made between the Examples and Comparative Examples. For the carcass ply, use -1-do 4M construction of △-4 in Table 2, belt 1iW
The 21-does are △-1, △-2, A-33, and 8- in Table 2.
4. Five types of ties A7 were made using the []-to structure of A-5. The tie S7N O, respectively -[13E-
1, rBE-2, TBE-3, -r-+3
13 -4, -■' B E -E5 and J. In addition,
The number of ends in one layer of bell 1 of the carcass ply and each cord structure is the number of ends in Table 2, but the angle 1σ of bell 1 to layer
is as follows (゛There is.

Carcass ply 90゜This 5-type tie (7:, 1 in the I-D Tsuba area)
] Table 6 shows the results of the driving test 1~.

(Hereafter on the next page) (Table 5) This tie I7 was recovered and, in detail, Nl111 was found in Table 7. 1゜ Table 7 1゜ From this result, tire N O, l' B [-1, T
F3 [= 4. of Δ-1 and Δ-2 used for -2. ]i
<t-, -, 1-do (is earth I-number U I) Because there is a reversal due to lack of -1 bridge, △ was used for tie 17NO, -1'r3L-3.
-3 type 1-l' L: L, cracks are likely to occur or grow at one end of the shell I. Thailand\7
One of the types of I△-1 used for NO, TBE-/l]
-1・ is t＼rut※M: Is it difficult to generate cracks in the part? - 1g of rubber (acceptance is 41%!) -1 - Rubber interface or 1g breaks down inside the container.

In this three examples (4+9+1 of this defense on the hill)
7'I side j notice sujiru m1-1-" iJ carcass ply, boo L-bar, 7\/shi l-M used, ij'
A”1. ``l)l It is a way to demonstrate the Fil-kai.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 (,j, IUi of conventional tie-nosteel I-do
Figure 2 is a side view of the tie A711-1 of this defense.
Figure 31. J, this excuse air tie\7 'I 'I
1/2 of R22,5 (su i [+i figure (ru)ru. 1... Cable line of central layer 2... Cable line of middle layer 3.
...Outer layer wire 55...Hell 1-6...Carcass ply 7...Cheer 1-Bar agent Patent attorney
Man! L11 Taiho

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) 9 wires are wound around a core wire made of 4 wires twisted together to form an intermediate layer, and 14 wires are further wound around the intermediate layer to form an outer layer 4+9+1
A pneumatic tire reinforced with steel cords having a construction of 4 and having approximately the same diameter of all wires. (2) A pneumatic tire according to claim 1, in which steel cord is used as a reinforcing material for the carcass. (3) A pneumatic tire according to claim 1, in which a steel coat is used as a chafer reinforcing material. (4) A pneumatic tire according to claim 1, in which a steel cord is used as a reinforcing material for the belt.