JPS5921715A - Polyester type fiber capable of deepening color - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:The titled fibers, having specific discontinuous recesses on the surfaces thereof, with little embrittlement, and capable of not only reducing the specular reflection but also promoting the light absorption into the interiors thereof without requiring a special additive. CONSTITUTION:Polyester type fibers having 5-100, based on 10 square micrometers on the surfaces thereof, oblong discontinuous recesses (discontinuous crackings) in the fiber axial direction having 0.1-2mu, preferably 0.15-0.8mu, length, 0.01-0.4mu, preferably 0.02-0.3mu, width and 0.1-0.6mu depth, and capable of deepening the color thereof. The fibers are obtained by heating polyester type fibers in an alkaline aqueous solution, e.g NaOH, containing a carrier, and hydrolyzing the surfaces of the fibers.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a polyester thread fdli K which can be deep-colored, that is, has improved color development. Polyester fibers are widely used due to their excellent physical properties and easy care properties, but their major drawbacks include difficulty in dyeing and poor color development.

Poor color development, that is, poor clarity and depth of color compared to wool, silk, and acefoot, is due to the fact that polyester fibers are generally dyed with disperse dyes that are poor in pt1'ψJ ('1□). The refractive index of polyester fiber is about 1.7, which is extremely high compared to other fibers, and the difference in refractive index with air is large, 41'V, #(ff). This is due to the fact that the fibers are manufactured using the melt spinning method, so the surface is extremely smooth, making it difficult to penetrate at 0° (φIF).

Conventionally, with the aim of improving the coloring tendency of polyester fibers, one approach was to reduce the difference in refractive index between air and I:TV at by adding a compound with a low/Iil near V to the fiber surface.
There is no known way to increase the amount of light incident on the inside of the R-tail (
For example, rJ: lr\Kokai No. 53-411192) has problems in terms of durability and 4iy color fastness.

Another method has been proposed in which the surface of the fiber is 111, which involves spinning a polymer containing a glue sol and eluting the surface with alkali treatment, etc., to form a fine and complex uneven shape on the surface. Using the method described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 54-120728, or by adding aluminum oxide-containing silicon oxide, polymerizing and spinning, and eluting the surface with alkali treatment, etc.
The method described in JP-A-56-79714, in which fine irregularities are formed on the surface with discontinuous vertical grooves in the fiber axis direction, or the method described in JP-A-56-79714, or the method of applying an alkali metal hydroxide solution to polyester fibers. Examples include the method described in JP-A-56-144269, in which the material is post-dried and then reacted in a steam atmosphere to form irregular irregularities consisting of ridge-line convex portions and arc-shaped concave portions. Possible 0 However, in the case described in JP-A-54-120.78, silica sol or the like is added during spinning.

As a result, pressure increases, filter clogging, mouthpiece stains occur, fuzz is generated, and the durability of the mouthpiece and guides deteriorates. In addition, in order to form fine irregularities, the surface layer of the fiber must be treated by elution with a solvent that is soluble or decomposable for the synthetic wire or fiber. For example, in the case of polyester fiber, alkali winding treatment is performed, but The weight loss rate is limited to about 5%, and the fibers have the disadvantage of becoming brittle if treated with a high weight loss rate to improve the feel.

Even in the case described in JP-A-56-79714,
It has the same drawbacks as above, and also has a yellowish color tone.

Furthermore, even in the case described in JP-A-56-144269, the embrittlement of the fibers is not significant because it is necessary to perform a 5% or more atomization treatment while the fiber surface has uneven concentrations of alkaline compounds. be.

In terms of effectiveness, if there is only an uneven shape, it will have the effect of reducing specular reflection, but it will have little effect on promoting light absorption into the fiber, and if there are only indentations and even minute unevenness, Light absorption into the fiber is still insufficient.

The present inventors have developed a method that does not require any special additives, does not cause fiber embrittlement, and not only reduces specular reflection on the fiber surface, but also promotes the penetration of light into the interior of the fiber, increasing the amount of absorbed light. As a result of intensive research in order to obtain a fiber surface that has a specific discontinuous recessed portion, it was discovered that the surface of a polyester fiber with specific discontinuous recesses has the above characteristics, and the present invention was completed. 5 to 10 square micrometers of fiber surface surface
100 fibers horizontally elongated in the axial direction, length 0.1 to 2 micrometers, width 0.01 to 0.4 micrometers,
The present invention is a polyester fiber capable of becoming deep-colored, characterized by having four discontinuous sections with a depth of 0.1 to 0.6 micrometers.

In the above four discontinuous parts, when the light penetrates into the cracks,
The reason why light that is incident at right angles to the fiber axis cannot escape outside the crack is because it is absorbed into the interior of the fiber without specular reflection, leading to deep coloring of dyed products. It can be assumed that this is because it is reliably absorbed.

The length of the crack is preferably 0.1 micrometer or more and 2 micrometers or less, more preferably 0.1 micrometer or less.
If it is 5 micrometers or more and 0.8 micrometers or less and less than 0.1 micrometers, the deep coloring effect will decrease,
If it exceeds 2 micrometers, cracks tend to become continuous, leading to a decrease in fiber strength.

The width of the crack is preferably 0.01 micrometer or more and 0.47·r chromator or less, and more preferably 0.02 micrometer or more and 63 micrometer or less.

Depth is the vertical distance between the top of the crack and the deepest part of the crack, and can be measured from an electron micrograph of the cross section of the fiber, but it is 0.1 micrometer or more 0.6
Q is preferably less than 1 micrometer, and if it is less than 1 micrometer, the deep coloring effect will not be sufficient, and 0.6
If it exceeds a micrometer, it will lead to a decrease in fiber strength.

The number of cracks is preferably 5 or more and 100 or less per 10 square micrometers; if it is less than 5, no deep coloring effect can be obtained, and if it is more than 100, there is a strong tendency for continuous cracks to form, which may lead to a decrease in fiber strength. Maneku.

Polyester fibers having such a surface can be produced by, for example, adding a carrier to polyester fibers and heating them in an alkaline aqueous solution such as caustic noda, so that the fiber surface is free from hydrolysis.
obtained by doing.

The carrier used in the present invention refers to carriers that have been conventionally used for dyeing polyester fibers, such as methylnaphthalene, chlorobenzene, 〇-phenylphenol, butyl benzoate, benzyl benzoate, methyl lithylate, and salicylic acid. Examples include benzyl and diphenyl ether.

The amount of carrier used in the present invention is related to the shape, texture, and bath ratio of the polyester fiber, but generally
3~s o g7Q, preferably 2~20 jJ
/Q.

In the present invention, the amount of alkali used to hydrolyze the surface of polyester fibers, such as sodium hydroxide, is generally 0.5 to 6
0 fi/(t, more preferably 1 to 50 l
/Q.

In the present invention, in order to promote the hydrolysis reaction on the surface of polyester fibers and reduce the amount of alkali such as carrier and sodium hydroxide used, quaternary ammonium, which is conventionally used in alkali reduction processing of delicate polyester fibers, is used. It is preferable to use a cationic compound such as a salt.

The polyester fiber of the present invention can be used, for example, in JP-A-54-
Publication No. 120728 and It':? Opening/closing 56-79714
The surface morphology is different from that disclosed in the above publication, and the fiber has an excellent deep coloring effect when dyed without embrittlement of the fiber.

In the present invention, polyester fibers include terephthalic acid or its ester-forming derivative as a dicarboxylic acid component, and a glycol selected from ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, etc. or an ester-forming derivative thereof as a glycol component. The main target is polyester.

The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples.
0 f//1 SDYK1125 (Quaternary ammonium salt compound manufactured by Ichiba) 0 to 2 g/Q, 130°C in a bath of sodium hydroxide 2.277/it at a bath ratio of 1:20
The sample was treated with water for 45 minutes, soaped with anionic activator 217 at 100°C for 20 minutes, and washed with water and dried. Next, Llia, nix Black Fi'B-FS (manufactured by Mitsubishi Kasei, disperse dye) 15% oJ, Toho Sol) TD
(Toho Chemical, dispersion leveling agent) 0.59/2, Ultra M
T$170 (manufactured by Miheijima Chemical, PHW4* agent) 0.5j
The dyeing was carried out at 135° C. for 60 minutes in a dye bath with a j/Q ratio of 1:60, followed by reduction washing, water washing and drying according to conventional methods.

The reflectance of these dyes at 460 nm was measured using a free-standing self-recording spectrophotometer. The optical density e (K/S l) was calculated and compared using the Kuperkamunk equation.The fiber surface condition was determined from the microscopic photograph of the cicada.Table 1 As is clear from the figure, a deep black color was obtained in the example of the present invention. This also matched the visual perception.

Example 2 A knit using polyester wild silkworm yarn was prepared using benzyl lyrilate IU y/It, esterase SP (Tokai Seisaku Yusaka No. 4)
class ammonium chlorine compound) 21//l.

The anionic activator 2,97
Soaping was performed at 1100° C. for 20 minutes, followed by washing with water and drying. Then as a dye (~MiketonPoly
ester 0racle BF (Mitsui Toatsu disperse dye) 25/, owf, fBI Terasil N
avy Btue BG (Disperse dye manufactured by Ciba Geigy) 13
The dyeing was carried out at 0°C for 60 minutes, followed by reduction washing, washing with water, and drying according to conventional methods.

These dyes (A1480 nm, (B) 6
The reflectance at 20 nm was measured and the negative value was calculated. The shape of the fiber surface was also observed using scanning electron micrographs.

The results are summarized in Table 2.

As is clear from the results in Table 2, a deep-colored chromatic dyed product was obtained in one example of the present invention. This result was in good agreement with visual perception.

Example 5 During polymerization of polyester, 3% heavy liquid of silica sol with a particle size of 10 to 20 millimicrons was added to ethylene glycol.
A polymer was obtained. This polymer was spun and drawn to obtain a yarn of 75d156f.
Created in a tlk'.

This knitted fabric was immersed in a 4% by weight caustic soda solution at 95°C.
Alkaline reduction was performed at a weight loss rate of 5z.

This is referred to as Comparative Example A10.

When a polyester polymer was synthesized, 5% by weight of aluminum oxide-containing silicon oxide having an average primary particle size of 50 millimicrons was added to ethylene glycol to obtain a polymer.

This polymer was spun and stretched to 75d/16
A thread of f was obtained.

A silk fabric was made using this thread. 4% by weight of this material
It was crushed in a caustic soda solution and subjected to alkaline weight loss at 95°C with a weight loss rate of 5.3%. This is referred to as ratio 12-monbetsu A11.

A silk fabric was made using Polynis Doyle's 75r1156f Regierer yarn. Kasei Soda 80J
It was immersed in a bath containing il/R and squeezed with a mangle to impregnate the weight of the dough to 95%. This was dried at 110°C for 5 minutes and then heat treated in saturated steam at 150°C, resulting in a weight loss rate of 5.2z.
I obtained a knitted fabric. This is called Comparison Number 12.

A silk fabric was created using 75 d/36 f polyester Regilla Tamashii. This knitted fabric is made of caustic soda 2.
2 f/Q, O-phenylphenol 10 g/Q.

Lauryldimethylbenzylammonium chloride 2
The knitted fabric was immersed in a bath containing J//m and treated at 150°C to obtain a knitted fabric with a weight loss rate of 4.7%. This is referred to as lateral bending 16 of the present invention.

These four types of silk are part 1. Dianix Black
After dyeing at 130° C. for 60 minutes in a dye bath of k FB-F, 815 orf at a bath ratio of 1:60, it was subjected to reduction washing, washing with water, and drying.

Table 3 summarizes the surface conditions of the fibers observed under an electron microscope and the ni/S and tear strength of these dyed products.

From the results shown in Table 3, the length of the transverse barb in the fiber direction is 1 pm or more2.
It was found that discontinuous cracks of pm or less, width u, (Jlltnl- or more U, 47zm or less, integrity U, 1μFJI or more and 0.6μm or less) have a remarkable effect on deep coloring.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. 5 to 1 per 10 square micrometers of fiber surface
00 fibers m ll1lt horizontally long and length 01~
1. A polyester fiber capable of becoming deep-colored, characterized by having discontinuous recesses of 2 micrometers in width, 0.01 to 0.4 micrometers in width, and 01 to 0.6 micrometers in depth. 2. The fiber according to claim 1, having a length of 0.15 to 0.8 micrometers. The fiber according to claim 1 or 2, having a width of 0.02 to 0.3 micrometers.