JPS591849B2 - Earth retaining structure for trench excavation - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides an earth retaining system for preventing earth and sand from collapsing on the side walls of a trench when excavating a trench for burying water, sewage, gas, etc. piping, telegraph and telephone cables, power transmission lines, etc. Regarding the structure.

Recently, in the trench excavation process, in order to prevent landslides on the side walls of the trench, guide grooves 2 are provided on both left and right sides of the inner wall of the partially excavated trench 1, as shown in FIG. The pillars 3 are erected facing each other, and the spacing is maintained with the supporter 4.
One side end of the earth retaining support plate 5 is inserted into the guide groove 2 on the one 4J1.0 side of the opposing support pillars 3 and press-fitted into the soil, and the next support plate 5 is inserted into the other side end of the earth retaining support plate 5, respectively. The guide grooves 2 are fitted, and the pillars 3 are erected facing each other, and the spacing is maintained by the supports 4. From then on, this assembled earth retaining structure is installed in the groove 1.
As the trench is excavated deeply, it is further pressed into the soil, and the earth retaining support plate 5 is fitted between the guide grooves 2 of the support column 3 to extend it upward. An earth retaining method is being used in which the structure is assembled and connected in sequence.

However, when the pillars 3 in the earth retaining structure are erected facing the inner wall of the trench 1 and when pulled out from the soil, a hanging bracket is attached to the top and a hanging bracket is attached to the back of a packet such as a backhoe. It is very time consuming as it has to be hoisted up using a cable hook.

In addition, when press-fitting into the soil, the hanging hardware must be removed and a protective plate 6 shown in chain lines must be fitted to the top to prevent damage caused by pressing the top directly with the packet.
Furthermore, this protection plate 6 connects the earth retaining support plate 5 to the guide groove 2 of the support column 3.
It gets in the way when it's inserted in between, so it's hard to remove it.

Therefore, the protective plate 6 must be fitted each time the support column 3 is press-fitted into the soil, and must be removed each time the earth retaining support plate 5 is fitted between the guide grooves 2, which is very time-consuming.

Furthermore, since the protective plate 6 and the hanging hardware are heavy, a great deal of effort is required to install and remove them, and since they are frequently installed and removed, they are easily lost and require careful storage. It is.

Furthermore, since the earth retaining structure is press-fitted into the soil as the trench 1 is deeply excavated as described above, the supports 3 on both side walls of the trench 1 are press-fitted alternately.

At this time, even if the horizontal supporter 4 stretched between the pillars 3 that are press-fitted alternately is in a free and expandable state, both ends are connected to the pillars 3 with pins, so this pin connection part 4
If a load is applied from above to a, the pin may not rotate smoothly and the pin connecting portion 4a may be damaged.

Also, pillar 3 is built completely vertically, which means it is a trench.
It is usually tilted slightly to the left or right.

Therefore, if the supporter 4 is press-fitted into the soil in this state, a horizontal load will be applied to the pin joint portion 4a of the supporter 4 from the left and right directions, which may cause damage.

Further, since it is difficult to keep the supports 4 in a horizontal state due to the alternating press-fitting of the supports 3 into the soil, the supports 4 are usually inclined to some extent.

Therefore, the tensile force supporting the opposing columns 3 is greatly reduced, and in the event of soil collapse, the pin joint portion 4a will receive the soil load applied to the earth retaining support plate 5, causing the pin to rotate and the supporter 4 to rotate. There is a risk that the earth retaining structure will collapse because it will not be able to support the earth and sand load if it jumps up.

Furthermore, when the earth retaining support plate 5 is inserted between the guide grooves 2 of the support columns 30, it must be lifted using a hanging rope provided on the back of a packet such as a backhoe. (not shown) must be inserted and fixed, and after inserting the earth retention support plate 5 between the guide grooves 2, when press-fitting it into the soil, press the top of the earth retention support plate directly with a packet such as a backhoe. To avoid damage, after removing the hanging metal fittings, insert the bar 9 protruding from the lower surface of the protective material 8 shown in chain lines into the support plate connection hole 7 and place the protective material 8 on the top of the earth retaining support plate 5. Must be.

Furthermore, when pulling out the earth retaining support plate 5 from the soil, the protective member 8 must be removed and the hanging fitting must be reattached to the support plate connection hole 7.

Therefore, installation and removal of the hanging fittings and installation of the protective material 8,
It takes time and effort to remove.

Moreover, since the protective material 8 (ri) cannot be fixed to the top of the earth retaining shoring board 5, when pressing the earth retaining shoring board 5 into the soil, if it is pressed with a packet such as a backhoe, the bar protruding from the bottom surface of the protective material 8 9 may move back and forth and left and right within the supporting plate connection hole 7 and cause abrasion, resulting in damage.

The present invention has been made in order to solve the problems of the conventional earth retaining structure, and aims to provide a safe earth retaining structure that does not require much labor, has good workability, and is less prone to damage or collapse. It is something.

An embodiment of the earth retaining structure according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In FIG. 2, the support 31 has a support main body 3a provided with guide grooves 2 on both left and right sides into which the side ends of the earth retaining support plates 5 are inserted.
The grooved engagement member 10 (ri) is formed by fixing the grooved engagement member 10 (the grooved members 11 are placed back to back on the front of the ri column body 3a with a required interval left and right). A groove 12 is formed between the two grooved members 11 in a fixed manner, and pin holes 13 are bored at regular intervals in the vertical direction of the opposing bottoms of the two grooved members 11.

A pin 14 is attached to the upper end of this grooved engagement member 10 by penetrating the bottom sides of the groove members 11 on both sides, and this pin 14 is used as a support shaft between the pins 14, that is, between the groove members 11. Groove 12
A shaft bearing part 16 protruding downward from the middle of one side edge of the column top protection plate 15 is supported on the pin 14 in the inside, and the column top protection plate 15 is rotatably connected. A hanging fitting 17 bent into a channel shape is rotatably connected and supported by curls 18 at both ends thereof.

19/ri This is a stopper for the column top protection plate 15 fixedly installed on the front surface of the upper end of the grooved engagement member 10.

a supporter 4 that connects the pair of opposing supports 3';
' has a turnbuckle or jack in the middle to make it expandable and retractable, and both ends have flat plate-shaped ends with curved peaks and a pin hole 20 in the center, as shown in Figure 3a and b. A flanged rod 22 integrally provided at the base end of the metal part 21 is removably and slidably inserted into the rod 22 and fixed with a pin 23, and a rod 22 with a flange is provided on both sides of the base end so as to sandwich the end metal part 21. A rubber 24 is fixed as an elastic member with bolts 25 and nuts 26.

This supporter 4' has its end hardware 21 at both ends fitted into the groove 12 of the grooved engagement member 10 of the opposing support column 3', and its tip abuts against the column body 3a and is engaged with the grooved engagement member. Pin hole 13 and end hardware 2 at required height of member 100
The pins 27 are inserted into the pin holes 20 of 1 to connect the opposing support columns 3', and the rubber 24 on both sides of the base end of the end hardware 210 is inserted.
is in contact with the front surface of the grooved engagement member 10.

The diameter of the pin hole 13 is made larger than the diameter of the pin 27 so that no force is applied from the support 3' side.

In Figure 2, the earth retaining support plate 5' has a plurality of vertical circular connecting holes 8', four in this example, drilled at regular intervals in the left and right direction from the top to the bottom. A pair of opposing protrusions 28 are provided on the inner surface of the intermediate portion of the hole 8'.

The protection member 6' placed on the top of the earth retaining support plate 5' is rotatably provided on both left and right sides with rotating shafts 30 that support the hanging fittings 29 through the front and back surfaces, and also has hooks for the hanging fittings 29. The pin 29a is made removable.

In addition, the protective material 6' has vertical connecting holes 3 at regular intervals in the left and right direction so as to match the connecting holes 81 of the earth retaining support plate 51.
A groove 32 is provided at the upper end of each connecting hole 31 to accommodate a handle of a rod to be described later.

Connecting hole 31 of protective material 6' and connecting hole 8 of earth retaining support plate 5'
The lower end of the rod 33 inserted into the earth retaining support plate 5
A pair of protrusions 2 provided opposite to each other on the inner surface of the connecting hole 8'
A locking metal 34 that engages with the rod 33 is integrally provided.
A handle 35 is provided at the upper end of the handle 35 in parallel with the locking metal 34.

The handle 35 (/'i) is made by bending the bar material into an arc shape and symmetrically bending it in two shapes toward the inside at both ends thereof, and inserting both ends into the through hole 36 that is horizontally penetrated through the upper end of the rod 33. The groove 32 at the upper end of the connection hole 31 of the protection member 61 that accommodates the handle 35 is aligned with the direction perpendicular to the protrusion 28 in the connection hole 8' of the earth retaining support plate 5'. There are no irregularly shaped grooves in the front and back, with semicircular large diameter and semicircular small diameter grooves.

The earth retaining structure according to the present invention configured as described above is used to prevent earth and sand from collapsing on the inner wall of the trench when excavating a trench for burying water, sewage, gas, etc. piping, telegraph and telephone cables, power transmission lines, etc. To use this construction method, first rotate the support plate top protection plate 15 at the upper end of the opposing supports 3' connected by the supporter 4' as shown in FIG. At the same time as protecting the top of the support column 3', the hanging fitting 17 is rotated upward, and a hook of a hanging rope attached to the back of a packet such as a backhoe (not shown) is hung on the hanging fitting 17, and the supporter 4' is attached to the top of the supporter 4'. Lift up the supporting column 3' that faces the wall, rotate the rear hanging bracket 17 placed on the inner wall of the excavated groove 1' downward, and press the top of the supporting column 3' with a packet to create the fifth column.
Build it as shown in the diagram.

At this time, since the top of the support 3' is protected by the protection plate 15, it can be safely press-fitted into the soil without being damaged.

Next, in order to fit one side end of the earth retaining support plate 5' into the guide groove 2 on one side of each column 3', the column top protection plate 15 is reversed as shown in FIG. It abuts and locks on a stopper 19 fixed on the front, and opens the upper end opening surface of the column 3'.

One side end of the earth retaining support plate 5' is connected to the guide groove 2 on one side of the support column 3'.
Before inserting the earth retaining plate 5' into the earth retaining plate 5', a seventh
As shown in the figure, place the protective material 61 on the connecting hole 8' and connect the connecting hole 31.
the rod 33 is inserted into the connecting holes 8' and 31, rotated 90 degrees, and the locking metal 34 at the lower end is engaged with the lower side of the pair of opposing protrusions 9 in the connecting hole 81, Top handle 3
5 to the front side and lay it down, and insert the groove 3 at the upper end of the connecting hole 31.
2, the rod 33 does not rotate, and the earth retaining support plate 5' and the protection member 6' are coupled and fixed.

The earth retaining support plate 5' and the protection member 61, which are integrally formed, are connected by a pin 29a on which the hanging fitting 29 provided on the protection member 6' is hooked.
Hang the hook f of the suspension rope W attached to the back of the packet of a backhoe, etc., and lift it up, and fit one end of the earth retaining support plate 5' into the guide groove 2 on one side of the support column 3/ as shown in Fig. 5. .

Then, the hanging fitting 29 is hung by removing the pin 29a and rotating it downward.

In this way, the upper surface of the protective material 6/ has no convex objects and becomes flat, so by pressing the upper surface of the protective material 6' with a packet such as a backhoe, the earth retaining support plate 51 can be safely pressed into the soil. Moreover, when the earth retaining support plate 5' is press-fitted into the soil, the protective material 6' is completely fixed to the earth retaining support plate 5' and stands as one piece, so that the connecting holes 8', 3
1 and the rod 33 will not be damaged by abrasion.

Next, the opposite support column 3', which is connected to the other side end of the opposing earth retaining support plate 5' by the next supporter 4', is lifted in the same manner as above, and the guide groove 2 on one side of the support column 3' is lifted up. 5, and press the top of the column 31 to erect it into the inner wall of the groove 1.

The earth retaining structure of the present invention assembled and used in this manner is further press-fitted into the soil as the trench 1 is deeply excavated. Since the column top protection plate 15 and the protection material 61 are placed,
As mentioned above, even when pressed with a packet such as a backhoe, the top can be safely pressed into the soil without damaging the top.

At this time, the opposing supports 3' are press-fitted into the soil alternately, so the supports 4' are alternately inclined as shown by the chain lines in Figure 3, but the grooved engagement members of the opposing supports 3' are 10 grooves 1
Since the ends of the end metal fittings 21 at both ends of the supporter 4' that are in contact with the front side of the supporter 4' in the supporter 2 are curved, the pin hole 13 of the grooved engagement member 10 is larger than the diameter of the pin 27. Since the pins 27 of the end metal fittings 21 have a large diameter and are loosely engaged with each other, no load is applied to the pins 22, and the end metal fittings 21 rotate smoothly.

Moreover, a rubber 2 which is an elastic member is provided on the front surface of the grooved engagement member 10.
4 are in contact with each other, the load applied to the supporter 41 can be absorbed by compression of the rubber 24.

Therefore, the opposing supports 3' can be pressed into the soil smoothly and easily, and even if the supports 4' are tilted alternately, the supports 3' can be easily pressed into the soil.
’ will not be damaged.

In addition, in press-fitting the opposing supports 3' into the soil,
When the supporter 4' is tilted to a certain angle, the inclined portions of the chevron-shaped surfaces of the end fittings 21 at both ends come into contact with the front of the support main body 3a, and the supporter 4' is stabilized without tilting any further. Since the pin 27 receives the load from the ' side, no load is applied to the pin 27, so that the pin joint between the supporter 4' and the support column 3' is not damaged.

Furthermore, the end hardware 21 at both ends of the supporter 4' is inserted into the groove 12 of the grooved engagement member 10 of the opposing support column 31 to restrain movement in the left and right direction, so that the support column 3' is inserted into the soil. Supporter 4' does not wobble in the left and right direction when press-fitting.
Since no horizontal load is applied to the single pin joint, there is no chance of damage.

Further, as described above, the supporter 4' has its end fittings 21 at both ends in contact with the opposing support columns 3' to keep the distance constant, and the pin connection part does not receive any load. Even if -4' is tilted to some extent, the tensile force supporting the support column 3/ will not decrease much, and in the event of a landslide, the pin 2γ will rotate due to the earth and sand load transmitted from the support column 3', causing the supporter -4' to jump up. do not have.

Therefore, the earth and sand load applied to the earth retaining support plate 5' can be sufficiently supported.

When backfilling the excavated trench 1, first, the top protection plate 15 of the support column 3' is turned over and abutted against the stopper 19 as shown in FIG. 6, and the upper opening surface of the support column 3' is opened.

The seventh
Stand it up as shown in the figure, attach a pin 29a to the upper end of the removable hook, hook the hook f of a hanging rope W attached to the back of a packet such as a backhoe onto the pin 29a, and pull it up. The earth retaining support plate 5' can be pulled out from the soil together with the protective member 6' and removed from between the guide grooves 2 of the support column 3'.

Therefore, there is no need to remove the protective material or attach hanging fittings to the connection holes of the earth retaining support plate, as is the case in the past, and the workability is extremely good.

If necessary, when separating the earth retaining support plate 5' and the protective material 6', pull up the clap 35 at the upper end of the rod 33 from inside the groove 32.
When the rod 33 is rotated by 0 degrees, the locking metal 34 at the lower end of the rod 33 is disengaged from the protrusion 28, so that the retaining plate 5' and the protection member 6' can be easily separated by pulling up the rod 33.

After removing the earth retaining support plate 5', rotate the top protection plate 15 and place it on the upper end opening surface of the support column 3' as shown in Fig. 4. At the same time, the hanging fitting 1γ is rotated upward and pulled up, and the hanging fitting 17 is hooked to the end of a hanging rope attached to the back of a packet such as a backhoe. can be carried outside the building.

In the above embodiment, the stopper 19 of the column top protection plate 15 is fixedly installed on the front surface of the upper end of the grooved engagement member 10 of the column 31, but this stopper 19 allows the column top protection plate 15 to be turned outward. As shown in Fig. 6, the top protection plate 1 of the column is simply supported horizontally, even without the stopper 19.
5 is inclined downward and comes into contact with the front surface of the grooved engagement member 10 and stops, so it is not necessary to have the grooved engagement member 10.

Furthermore, the hanging fitting 17 of the column 31 is not limited to the one shown in the figure, but any shape or structure can be used as long as it does not interfere with rotating the column top protection plate 15 and placing it on the upper end opening surface of the column 3'. It could be something like that.

Further, the rubbers 24 on both sides of the proximal end of the end hardware 21 of the supporter 4' are vertically provided, as shown in FIG. 8a.

It is also possible to cut out the upper and lower ends of the base end of the end hardware 21 as shown in FIG.

Further, rubber 24 is provided as an elastic member, but the rubber 24
The material is not limited to , but any material that can absorb the load, such as springs and hydraulic equipment, may be used.

Further, although the connecting hole 8' of the earth retaining support plate 5' is penetrated from the top to the lower end, it may be a connecting hole with a bottom that does not penetrate through the earth retaining plate 5' and extends to the top.

Furthermore, the connecting hole 8' and the connecting hole 31 of the protective member 6' may have a rectangular cross section.

Furthermore, the groove 32 at the upper end of the connecting hole 31 of the protective member 6' is not limited to the above embodiment, and the groove 32 at the upper end of the rod 33
It may be changed as appropriate depending on the shape.

For example, as shown in FIG. 9a, a slit 38 is provided on the upper end surface of the rod 33, and the lower end of the handle 39 of the T-shaped plate is disposed within this slit 38 and pivoted with a pin.
Correspondingly, a large-diameter semicircular groove may be formed at the upper end of the connecting hole 31, and an irregularly shaped groove 32a formed by extending a rectangular groove may be provided on one side of the semicircular groove.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 9, the lower end of a square bar-shaped handle 40 is disposed in a slit 38 provided at the upper end of the rod 33 and pivoted with a pin, and the upper end of the connecting hole 31 corresponds to the pusher 40. An elongated groove 41 may be provided on one side of the circular groove 32b, and an inclined groove 42 may be provided in a direction perpendicular to this elongated groove 41.

In the case of such a combination of the handle 40, the elongated groove 41, and the inclined groove 42, the rod 33 is rotated, and the handle 40 is folded down as shown by the solid line and housed in the elongated groove 41, so that the rod 33 does not rotate and its The locking metal 34 at the lower end engages with the lower side of the protrusion 28 in the connecting hole 8', so that the retaining support plate 5' and the protection member 6' are connected and fixed, and the handle 40 is inserted into the elongated groove 41.
Pull up the rod 33 from the inside, rotate the rod 33, and fit the handle 40 into the inclined groove 42 as shown by the chain line.
Since it is shown that the latch 34 at the lower end is completely disengaged from the protrusion 28, the latch 34 will not get caught on the protrusion 28 when the rod 33 is pulled up from the connecting holes 8', 31. .

Therefore, the rod 33 can be safely removed from the connecting holes 8' and 31 without damaging the locking metal 34 or the protrusion 28, and the earth retaining support plate 5' and the protection member 6' can be separated.

As detailed above, in the trench excavation earth retaining structure of the present invention, the support top protection plate and the hanging hardware are rotatably and removably attached to the front upper end of the support, so the support can be press-fitted into the soil. At this time, by rotating the protection plate and placing it on the top opening of the column to protect the top of the column, the top of the column can be safely press-fitted into the soil without damage. By opening the support plate, the side ends of the earth retaining support plate can be inserted into the guide grooves on both the left and right sides of the column without any problem, and conversely, it can also be pulled up.

Furthermore, when pulling out the support from the soil, by rotating the hanging bracket upwards, you can easily hook it and pull it up, making it easy to pull out the support from the soil. By rotating downward, there is no problem in press-fitting the support into the soil.

Therefore, unlike conventional methods, it is necessary to attach a protective plate to the top of the support each time the support is pressed into the soil, or to remove the protection plate from the top of the support each time the earth retaining shoring board is pressed into the soil or pulled out. There is no need to attach a hanging bracket to the top of the support each time the support is inserted or pulled out of the soil, and there is no need to remove the hanger when press-fitting the support into the soil. Since both the protection plate and the hanging metal fittings are rotatably and detachably attached to the top of the support, there is no risk of them being lost.

In addition, in the earth retaining structure for trench excavation of the present invention, opposing columns are press-fitted alternately, and even if the supports connecting the opposing columns are tilted, the ends attached to both ends of the supports may be tilted. The curved tip of the metal fitting comes into contact with the column, the elastic members on both sides of the base of the metal piece come into contact with the column, and the pin that connects the metal piece and the column loosely fits into the pin hole on the column side. Since no load is applied to the pins, the spacing between the supports can be kept constant and the supports can be smoothly and easily pressed into the soil without damaging the pin joints between the supports and the supports.

In addition, when the supporter tilts to a certain angle when press-fitting the support into the soil, the sloped parts of the chevron-shaped surfaces of the end hardware on both sides will come into contact with the supporter, and the supporter will not tilt any further and become stable.
In this state, the load on the column side can be supported reliably.

Furthermore, even if the supports are set somewhat similar, the spacing between the opposing columns is maintained constant, so in the event of a landslide, the earth retaining structure can sufficiently support the earth and sand load applied to the earth retaining shoring plates, and the earth retaining structure will not collapse. There is no.

Furthermore, the earth retaining structure for trench excavation of the present invention can be easily connected and fixed by placing a protective material on the top of the earth retaining support plate when it is pressed into the soil, and moreover, the upper surface of the protective material can be connected and fixed. The members do not protrude in any way.

Therefore, by pressing the upper surface of the protective material, the earth retaining support plate can be safely press-fitted into the soil without damaging each member.

In addition, when removing the earth retaining shoring board from the ground, the removable hook can be attached by pulling up the rotatable hanging fitting provided on the protecting material without removing the protective material or attaching a separate hanging fitting. Since the earth retaining support plate can be pulled out from the soil together with the protective material just by inserting it, it has excellent effects such as extremely good workability.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a conventional earth retaining structure for trench excavation, Fig. 2 is an exploded perspective view of an earth retaining structure for trench excavation according to the present invention, and Fig. 3 shows a coupling structure between a column and a support. ri cross-sectional plan view, b is a side view, Fig. 4 is a perspective view showing the state of the upper end when the support is erected and pulled out from the soil, and Fig. 5 is the assembly of the earth retaining structure for trench excavation according to the present invention. A perspective view showing the state. Figure 6 is a perspective view showing the state of the upper end of the support when the earth retention support plate is inserted into the guide groove of the support pillar and pulled up. Figure 7 is a perspective view showing the state of the upper end of the support support plate. Figure 7 is a protective material attached to the top of the earth retention support plate. Fig. 8 is a perspective view showing a fixed and suspended state, and Fig. 8 shows another example of the coupling structure between the column and the support, 8 is a cross-sectional plan view, b is a side view,
FIGS. 9a and 9b are perspective views showing a partially modified example of the means for coupling and fixing the earth retaining support plate and the protective material, respectively.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A grooved engagement member is fixed on the front side of a column main body having guide grooves on both left and right sides, and a hanging fitting and a protection plate on the upper surface of the column body are rotatably supported at the upper end of the grooved engagement member. A plurality of pairs of supporting columns are placed facing each other at regular intervals, and between each set of opposing supporting columns, a supporter with a curved tip and an elastic member attached to both ends is placed. The end hardware is inserted into the groove of the grooved engagement member of the column and comes into contact with the column body, and is pivoted to the grooved engagement member with a pin, and the elastic members at both ends are attached to the front surface of the grooved engagement member. An earth retaining structure for trench excavation consisting of both ends of an earth retaining support board that abuts on the guide grooves on both the left and right sides of the pillar body and has protective members equipped with rotatable hanging fittings removably fixed to the top. .