JPS59168859A - Respiration apparatus having high frequency respiration - Google Patents
Respiration apparatus having high frequency respirationInfo
- Publication number
- JPS59168859A JPS59168859A JP1852184A JP1852184A JPS59168859A JP S59168859 A JPS59168859 A JP S59168859A JP 1852184 A JP1852184 A JP 1852184A JP 1852184 A JP1852184 A JP 1852184A JP S59168859 A JPS59168859 A JP S59168859A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- breathing
- air
- steam
- conduit
- valve
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
- A61M16/14—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours by mixing different fluids, one of them being in a liquid phase
- A61M16/16—Devices to humidify the respiration air
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0096—High frequency jet ventilation
Abstract
(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた
め要約のデータは記録されません。(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は、呼吸気源−気管と噴出口とを結ぶ呼吸気導管
中に給湿装置および呼吸気加熱装置を有し、呼吸気導管
中の高開閉数弁による制御により高頻数呼吸を有する呼
吸装置に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention has a humidifying device and a respiratory air heating device in the respiratory air conduit connecting the respiratory air source - trachea and the air outlet, and is controlled by a high opening/closing valve in the respiratory air conduit. The present invention relates to a breathing apparatus having high frequency breathing.
高頻数呼吸（ＨＦＪＶ ）における重大な問題は、呼吸
気の給温および温度の制御である。患者に供給されるガ
ス混合物は、２つの分流、即ち高い初圧下にノズル捷た
はカニユーレにより吹き込壕れる呼吸気（ジェット呼吸
）と噴射作用により吸い込まれる添加ガスから成る。こ
の場合、高頻数呼吸では呼吸気の流れ中にガス圧衝撃が
生成される。A critical issue in high frequency breathing (HFJV) is the supply and temperature control of the breathing air. The gas mixture supplied to the patient consists of two sub-streams: the breathing air which is blown into the nozzle or cannula under high initial pressure (jet breathing) and the additional gas which is sucked in by means of the jet action. In this case, high-frequency breathing generates gas pressure impulses in the respiratory air flow.
ヒトに使用するための呼吸または人工呼吸を支持するだ
めの公知の装置は、気管の１ｌＱｂに対して平行に配置
されている細い噴流管を有する。Known devices for supporting breathing or artificial respiration for human use have a narrow jet tube that is placed parallel to 11Qb of the trachea.
この噴流管に、制御装置を経て呼吸気が加圧力下に供給
される。気管内に向けられた噴流は、肺を膨張させる。Breathing air is supplied to this jet tube under pressure via a control device. Jets directed into the trachea inflate the lungs.
噴流管の開口の範囲内でその側方に、気管壁中湿分の供
給管が設けられでいる。該供給管力・ら、湿分が呼吸気
噴流の噴射作用により吸い込まれる。湿分は、噴霧され
た水、湿り空気または蒸気として供給される（百ドイツ
国特許出ｊ頭公開第２６０３０６３号明細書）。In the area of the opening of the jet tube and to the side thereof, a supply tube for moisture in the tracheal wall is provided. From the supply tube force, moisture is sucked in by the jet action of the respiratory jet. Moisture is supplied as atomized water, moist air or steam (DE 2603063).
この場合噴霧された水は、その蒸発熱により患者の体を
所望でない方法で冷却する。湿り空気は、呼吸気噴流に
より湿分が減少し、従って所望の高い湿度に達する事が
出来ない。蒸気を直接に気管中へ導入する場合、蒸気温
度は高い危険をもたらす。In this case, the sprayed water cools the patient's body in an undesired manner due to its heat of evaporation. The humid air loses moisture due to the respiratory jet and therefore cannot reach the desired high humidity. If steam is introduced directly into the trachea, the steam temperature poses a high risk.
高頻数呼吸を有する公知の強制呼吸装置では、酸累・空
気のミキサとして形成された呼吸気源は呼吸気導管によ
り第１の熱交換器、電磁弁および第２の熱交換器を介し
て噴出口と接続されている。噴出口は気管中に配置され
ている。配量ボノゾは、逆止弁を介して電磁弁と第２の
熱交換器との間の呼吸気導管に接続されている。In known forced breathing devices with high-frequency breathing, the respiratory air source formed as an acid-air mixer is routed by a respiratory air conduit through a first heat exchanger, a solenoid valve and a second heat exchanger. Connected to the spout. The spout is located in the trachea. The dosing bonozo is connected via a check valve to the breathing air conduit between the solenoid valve and the second heat exchanger.
該ポンプは、液状の水の所定の流れを呼吸気導管中へ送
入する。電磁弁は、制御装置により高開閉数制御される
。この場合、該電磁弁は、噴出口に呼吸気源から３，５
パールまでの圧力下の呼吸気衝撃を送る。その途中で、
この呼吸気は第１の熱交換器中で予熱され、電磁弁の後
方で必要な水分量が与えられ、引続き第２の熱交換器中
で添加された水が蒸発するまで加熱される。The pump delivers a predetermined flow of liquid water into the respiratory conduit. The solenoid valve is controlled at a high opening/closing frequency by a control device. In this case, the solenoid valve connects the ejection port with 3,5
Send a breathing air shock under pressure up to the pearl. On the way,
This breathing air is preheated in a first heat exchanger, provided with the required moisture content after the solenoid valve, and subsequently heated in a second heat exchanger until the added water evaporates.
噴出口から出た後、呼吸気は体温を有しかつ湿分て飽和
されているべきである（ Ｒｅ５ｐｉｒａｔｏｒｙＣａ
ｒｅ 、１９８２年１１月、Ｖｏｌ、２７．６α１１、
第１３８６〜１３９１ペーノ）。しかしこの目的は、圧
力下の呼吸気中に添加された水が第２の熱交換器中で蒸
発するので達成さ′ｈない。何故なら室温に予熱する際
平衡条件に基づき呼吸気は膨張後過小の湿分を含有する
か、もしくはより高い温度に予熱する場合湿分は所望の
方法で増加するが、同時に温度が計容しえない方法で上
昇するからである。さらに、第２の熱交換器の空所によ
り、電磁弁によりつくられる高頻数呼吸気衝撃を補整し
、そルによりその作用が不所望に変化する緩衝容積が生
じる。After leaving the vent, the respiratory air should have body temperature and be saturated with moisture.
re, November 1982, Vol. 27.6α11,
1386-1391 peno). However, this objective is not achieved since the water added to the breathing air under pressure evaporates in the second heat exchanger. This is because, under equilibrium conditions, when preheating to room temperature, the breathing air contains too little moisture after expansion, or when preheating to a higher temperature, the moisture increases in the desired way, but at the same time the temperature is too low. This is because it rises in an impossible way. Furthermore, the cavity of the second heat exchanger creates a buffer volume that compensates for the high frequency respiratory impulses created by the solenoid valve and thereby undesirably alters its action.
本発明の課題は、呼吸気のための給湿装置を備えた、高
頻数呼吸を有する呼吸装置であって、その後方で呼吸気
は膨張した状態で３７℃の温度および高い相対湿度を有
しかつ患者にとり呼吸気衝撃の強さを著しく損なう事な
く利用出来る呼吸装置ｆ：Ｊ是供する串である。The object of the invention is a breathing apparatus with high-frequency breathing, which is equipped with a humidifier for the breathing air, behind which the breathing air has a temperature of 37° C. and a high relative humidity in the expanded state. Moreover, this is a breathing device f:J that can be used by the patient without significantly impairing the strength of the respiratory shock.
この課題は本発明によれば、給湿装置が、水の供給され
る蒸気発生装置であり、呼吸気加熱装置と噴出口との間
の蒸気導管を介して呼吸気導管に接続されていて、その
際制御装置が高開閉数弁と関連して蒸気発生装置を作動
する事により解決される。According to the present invention, the humidifying device is a steam generator supplied with water and is connected to the breathing air conduit via a steam conduit between the breathing air heating device and the spout, This is achieved by the control device operating the steam generator in conjunction with a high opening/closing valve.
不発明の実施においては、蒸気発生装置の種々の形態が
可能である。これは加熱された細い蒸気蛇管、および水
導管を介して接続された、水の供給される配置ポンプで
あってもよく、その場合このポンプは制御装置により高
開閉数弁と関連して作動するか、もしくは水の供給され
る圧力容器および接続されたオン・オフ弁であってもよ
く、その場合この弁は制御装置により高開閉数弁と関連
して作動する。Various configurations of the steam generator are possible in the implementation of the invention. This can be a water-supplied pump connected via a heated thin steam duct and a water conduit, in which case the pump is operated by a control device in conjunction with a high switching valve. Alternatively, it may be a pressure vessel supplied with water and a connected on/off valve, which valve is then operated by a control device in conjunction with a high switching frequency valve.
本発明で得られる利点は殊に、少なくともそこに存在す
る圧力および相応に高い温度で呼吸気導管中へ噴射され
た水蒸気により放圧後３７℃の患者の所望の温度におけ
る高い相対湿度が得られる点である。呼吸気の給温およ
び加熱のために調達すべきエネルギーの主要部分がこの
処置方法では水蒸気によりもたらされるので、ガス混合
物をこの３７℃に加熱するために、はんのわずかな伺加
的呼吸気加熱導管しか必要でない。このため、わずかな
内容積およびわずかな流動抵抗の呼吸気加熱装置の幾何
学的設計が出来るので、呼吸気衝撃はわずかに減衰され
るにすき゛ない。呼吸気導管中の個々の気体衝撃のがス
混合物量の短い滞留時間は、再凝縮を妨げる。場合によ
って生じる部分凝縮は混合物を、放圧後わずかな小滴分
の新たな蒸発のために十分な熱エネルギーが利用できる
程度に加熱する。The advantages obtained with the invention are, in particular, that at least the pressure present and the water vapor injected into the respiratory conduit at a correspondingly high temperature result in a high relative humidity at the desired temperature of the patient of 37° C. after depressurization. It is a point. Since the main part of the energy to be procured for warming and heating the breathing air is provided by water vapor in this treatment method, a small additional amount of breathing air is required to heat the gas mixture to this 37°C. Only heating conduits are required. This allows a geometrical design of the breathing air heating device with a small internal volume and a small flow resistance, so that the breathing air shock can be damped slightly. The short residence time of the gas mixture volume of the individual gas impulses in the breathing air conduit prevents recondensation. The partial condensation that may occur heats the mixture to such an extent that, after depressurization, sufficient thermal energy is available for further evaporation of the few droplets.
本発明の実施例は図面に示されており、次にこれを詳述
する。Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and will now be described in detail.
呼吸装置は、図面に示された、呼吸気用高圧部と図示さ
れていない噴出１］５と結合された添加ガス部（患者系
）とから成る。The breathing apparatus consists of a high-pressure part for the breathing air, shown in the drawing, and an additional gas part (patient system) connected to a jet 1]5, not shown.
高圧下の呼吸気は、呼吸気源ｌから呼吸気導管２中へ導
入され、次いで高開閉数弁３．１乎吸気加熱装置４およ
び噴出口５を貫流する。ここで、呼吸気は放圧さハ、−
６で示した患者の方向に吹き込１れる。Breathing air under high pressure is introduced into the breathing air conduit 2 from the breathing air source 1 and then flows through the high switching frequency valve 3.1 through the intake air heating device 4 and the outlet 5. Here, the breathing air is released, -
The air is blown 1 in the direction of the patient indicated by 6.
高開閉数弁５の開閉は、制御装置７により行なわれる。The high opening/closing number valve 5 is opened and closed by a control device 7.
呼吸気加熱装置４と噴出口５との間で８で蒸気導管９は
呼吸気導管２に接続され、該蒸気導管により水蒸気発生
装置内に生１〕だ水蒸気は制御装置７により、高開閉数
弁３に依存して制御されて、吹き込捷オＬる。A steam conduit 9 is connected to the respiratory air conduit 2 at 8 between the respiratory air heating device 4 and the spout 5, and the steam produced in the steam generator by the steam conduit is controlled by a control device 7 to control the steam at a high opening/closing frequency. It is controlled depending on the valve 3 to control the blowing direction.
第１図は、細い蒸気蛇管１０（０，３〜１．５ｚｎｍの
内径を有し、通常外部から加熱される金属管）および配
量ポンプ１２から成る蒸気発生装置を示す。蒸発すべき
水は土工で供給され、配量ボノゾ１２（制御装置７から
制御される）から、水導管１３を通って蒸気蛇管１０中
へ圧入され、そこで蒸発し、水蒸気となって蒸気導雷９
を通って呼吸気導管２中へ吹き込捷れる。ここで、呼吸
気加熱装置手中で加熱された呼吸気に混入する。FIG. 1 shows a steam generation device consisting of a thin steam coil 10 (a metal tube with an internal diameter of 0.3 to 1.5 znm, usually externally heated) and a metering pump 12. The water to be evaporated is supplied by an earthwork and is forced from a metering bonozo 12 (controlled by a control device 7) through a water conduit 13 into a steam pipe 10, where it evaporates and becomes water vapor in a steam conductor. 9
The air is blown through the respiratory air conduit 2. Here, the breathing air is mixed with the heated breathing air in the hand of the breathing air heating device.
第２図は、１１で水が供給される圧力容器ｌ＋、および
接続されたオン・オフ弁（Ａｕｆ −Ｚｕ −Ｖｅｎｔ
ｉｌ ） １５から成る蒸気発生装置を示す。圧力容器
１４中で連続的に水蒸気が発生し、該水蒸気は次いで制
御装置７により高開閉数弁３に依存して制菌されるオン
・オフ弁１５により、蒸気導管９を通って呼吸気導管２
中へ吹き込１れる。FIG. 2 shows the pressure vessel l+ supplied with water at 11 and the connected on-off valve (Auf -Zu -Vent
il) shows a steam generator consisting of 15. Water vapor is continuously generated in the pressure vessel 14, which is then passed through the steam line 9 into the respiratory air line by means of the on-off valve 15, which is controlled by the control device 7 in dependence on the high switching frequency valve 3. 2
It was blown inside.
蒸気発生装置中で発生し、呼吸気導管２中の呼吸気の圧
力でこの中へ吹き込まれる水蒸気は、呼吸気導管２中に
存在する圧力に適合されて、たとえば１６０℃の温度を
有する。この場合、該水蒸気は、噴出口５の背後で蒸気
混合物の放圧後、３７℃の温度で所望の高い相対湿度を
表わす、水量を含有する。供給された呼吸気と水蒸気と
で形成される混合物温度は、所望の３７℃よりほんのわ
ずか低い。従って、呼吸気加熱装置手中で、こルを達成
するために、はんのわずかな火力が必要であるにすぎな
い。呼吸気導管２中のガス混合物の短い滞留時間は、不
利な水の４月凝縮をもたらさない。The water vapor generated in the steam generator and blown into it at the pressure of the breathing air in the breathing air conduit 2 has a temperature of, for example, 160° C., adapted to the pressure present in the breathing air conduit 2. In this case, the steam contains an amount of water which, after depressurization of the steam mixture behind the outlet 5, represents the desired high relative humidity at a temperature of 37.degree. The temperature of the mixture formed by the supplied breathing air and water vapor is only slightly lower than the desired 37°C. Therefore, only a small amount of heat is required to achieve this in the breathing air heating device. The short residence time of the gas mixture in the breathing air conduit 2 does not lead to unfavorable water condensation.
図面は、蒸気発生装置の異なる本発明の実施例を示すも
ので、第１図は蒸気蛇管中で水蒸気の発生する呼吸装置
の高圧部を示す略図であり、第２図は圧力容器中で水蒸
気の発生する呼吸装置の高圧部を示す略図である。
２・呼吸気導管、３ 高開閉数弁、４ 呼吸気加熱装置
、５・・噴出口、７ 制御装置、９ ・蒸気導管、１０
・蒸気蛇管、１１−・蒸気発生装置、１２・・・配量ポ
ンプ、■３・・水導管、］、４・・圧力容器、１５・オ
ン・オフ弁The drawings show different embodiments of the present invention of steam generators; FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a high-pressure part of a breathing apparatus in which steam is generated in a steam coil, and FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing steam in a pressure vessel. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the high pressure part of the breathing apparatus where . 2. Respiratory air conduit, 3. High opening/closing frequency valve, 4. Respiratory air heating device, 5.. Jet outlet, 7. Control device, 9. Steam pipe, 10.
・Steam serpentine pipe, 11-・Steam generator, 12・・Distributing pump, ■ 3・・Water conduit, ], 4・・Pressure vessel, 15・・On/off valve
Claims (1)
湿装置および加熱装置を有し、呼吸気導管中の高開閉数
弁による制御により高頻数呼吸を有する呼吸装置におい
て、給湿装置が水の供給される蒸気発生装置（１１）で
あり、呼吸気加熱装置（４）および噴出口（５）との間
の蒸気導管（９）を介して呼吸気導管（２’）Ｋ接続さ
れていて、制御装置（７）が旨開閉数弁（３）と関連し
て蒸気発生装置を作動する事を特徴とする、高頻数呼吸
を有する呼吸装置。 ２ 蒸気発生装置が加熱された細い蒸気蛇管（１０）お
よび水の供給される、水導管を介して接続された配量ポ
ンプ（１２）であり、その場合該ポンプは制御装置（７
）により冒開閉数弁（３）と関連して作動する、特δ］
−請求の範囲第１項記載の高頻数呼吸を有する呼吸装置
。 ３ 蒸気蛇管（１０）が０３〜１．５ｍｍの内径を有す
る金属管である、特許請求の範囲第１項または第２項記
載の高頻数呼吸を有する呼吸装置。 ４、蒸気発生装置が、水の供給される圧力容器（１４）
および接続されたオン・オフ弁（１５）であり、その場
合該オン・オフ弁は制御装置（７）により高開閉数弁（
３）により作動する、特許請求の範囲第１項記載の高頻
数呼吸作用を有する呼吸装置。[Claims] 1. Respiratory air source - A humidifying device and a heating device are provided in the respiratory air conduit connecting the trachea and the air outlet, and high frequency breathing is achieved by controlling a high opening/closing valve in the respiratory air conduit. In this breathing apparatus, the humidifying device is a steam generator (11) supplied with water, and the breathing air is supplied through a steam conduit (9) between the breathing air heating device (4) and the spout (5). Breathing device with high-frequency breathing, characterized in that the air conduit (2') is connected to the air conduit (2') and the control device (7) operates the steam generator in conjunction with the on-off valve (3). 2. The steam generator is a heated thin steam coil (10) and a metering pump (12), which is supplied with water and is connected via a water conduit, in which case the pump is connected to a control device (7).
) operates in conjunction with the opening/closing valve (3), the special δ]
- A breathing apparatus with high frequency breathing according to claim 1. 3. A breathing apparatus with high frequency breathing according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the steam serpentine tube (10) is a metal tube with an inner diameter of 0.3 to 1.5 mm. 4. A pressure vessel (14) where the steam generator is supplied with water
and a connected on/off valve (15), in which case the on/off valve is controlled by the control device (7) to be a high opening/closing valve (
3) A breathing apparatus having a high-frequency breathing action according to claim 1, which operates according to the method of claim 1.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19833308819 DE3308819A1 (en) | 1983-03-12 | 1983-03-12 | VENTILATOR WITH HIGH FREQUENCY VENTILATION |
| DE3308819.5 | 1983-03-12 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS59168859A true JPS59168859A (en) | 1984-09-22 |
| JPS6319188B2 JPS6319188B2 (en) | 1988-04-21 |
Family
ID=6193266
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1852184A Granted JPS59168859A (en) | 1983-03-12 | 1984-02-06 | Respiration apparatus having high frequency respiration |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS59168859A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH661210A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3308819A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2542204B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2136298B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE454951B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020039724A1 (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2020-02-27 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Humidification device and respiratory humidifying air blower equipped with same |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3401849A1 (en) * | 1984-01-20 | 1985-07-25 | Drägerwerk AG, 2400 Lübeck | VENTILATOR WITH HIGH FREQUENCY VENTILATION |
| DE4300880C2 (en) * | 1993-01-15 | 1996-03-21 | Draegerwerk Ag | Ultrasonic nebulizer with dosing unit |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3434471A (en) * | 1966-04-06 | 1969-03-25 | Smithkline Corp | Therapeutic intermittent positive pressure respirator |
| CH489758A (en) * | 1968-04-25 | 1970-04-30 | Badertscher Hans | Water evaporator |
| GB1294808A (en) * | 1971-08-19 | 1972-11-01 | Philips Electronic Associated | Temperature-controlled gas humidifier for a medical ventilator |
| DE2516496C3 (en) * | 1975-04-15 | 1978-03-23 | Draegerwerk Ag, 2400 Luebeck | Device for humidifying the breathing gas |
| DD139795B1 (en) * | 1978-12-04 | 1980-11-26 | Klaus Dipl Ing Dr Rer Nat Jehmlich | VENTILATOR WITH DEVIATION DEVICE |
| FI66753C (en) * | 1979-01-05 | 1984-12-10 | Taisto Haekkinen | RYTMISERINGSVENTIL FOER ANDNINGEN AVSEDD FOER RESPIRATOR ELLERFOER ANNAN UPPLIVNINGSANVAENDNING LAEMPAD ANORDNING |
-
1983
- 1983-03-12 DE DE19833308819 patent/DE3308819A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1983-10-31 CH CH588083A patent/CH661210A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-11-21 SE SE8306413A patent/SE454951B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1984
- 1984-02-06 JP JP1852184A patent/JPS59168859A/en active Granted
- 1984-02-20 GB GB08404441A patent/GB2136298B/en not_active Expired
- 1984-03-06 FR FR8404163A patent/FR2542204B1/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020039724A1 (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2020-02-27 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Humidification device and respiratory humidifying air blower equipped with same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE8306413D0 (en) | 1983-11-21 |
| FR2542204A1 (en) | 1984-09-14 |
| GB2136298A (en) | 1984-09-19 |
| GB8404441D0 (en) | 1984-03-28 |
| SE8306413L (en) | 1984-09-13 |
| SE454951B (en) | 1988-06-13 |
| FR2542204B1 (en) | 1986-09-26 |
| GB2136298B (en) | 1986-05-14 |
| CH661210A5 (en) | 1987-07-15 |
| JPS6319188B2 (en) | 1988-04-21 |
| DE3308819A1 (en) | 1984-09-13 |
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