JPS59156613A - Method and machine for manufacturing or machining gear - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method and a machine for the production and processing of teeth of straight or helical gears, as defined in the preamble of claim 1.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Machines for machining, in particular fabricating or grinding, teeth of spur gears are already known. This machine is equipped with a gear-like rotating tool that meshes with the workpiece teeth at a bearing angle greater than 35°. The Saranico (1) tool is formed in a hyper7+roid shape or a shape similar thereto, and has at least the same width as the work tooth (West German Patent Application Publication No. 2,516,059).

The object of the invention is to improve the working capacity of machines of this type.

The gist of the machine of the present invention that solves this problem is as described in claim 1. The term "frictional flank" means a cutting flank of a tool that does not have a cutting edge or the like. In short, all tools with particulate working surfaces, e.g. abrasive stones, as well as tools for electrolytically or electroerosively or electrochemically cutting materials belong to this category (e.g. shaving cutters do not belong to this category). do not have).

The machine of the present invention is a single-screen grinding machine, in other words, it is a machine of the type in which only one tooth surface of all the tool teeth or workpiece teeth comes into contact with each other during machining. The advantage of this machine is that it allows a cutting feed that allows the axial spacing between the tool and the workpiece to be kept constant without having to take account of changes in tooth inclination.

Another object of the present invention is to reliably prevent erroneous tooth flank contact during machining.

The machine of the present invention that solves this problem is obtained by adding the second claim to the first claim.

Various embodiments of the machine according to the invention are possible.

For example, according to claim 3, friction wheels or friction discs or the like can be used for the guide gear, and their manufacture 6J is relatively simple. Care only needs to be taken that these have the correct transmission ratio.

In another embodiment of the invention, a gear is used for the guide wheel, as described in the fourth aspect of the patent claim. In this case as well, it is sufficient to simply match the transmission ratio. There is no need to match the meshing pitch of the tool/work pair and the meshing pitch of the guide gear pair. On the contrary, it is more effective if the meshing pitches of both sides are different. This is because even if there is a pitch error caused by the machine, it is compensated for.

If the machine according to the invention is used for mass production, a separate machine can be used for machining the respective right flank or left flank of the workpiece tooth. Since both machines are then generally inserted into one machine chain, this does not increase the overall machining time and, on the other hand, makes the machine simpler, cheaper and less prone to breakdowns. With the configuration described in claim 5, equipment costs are reduced as a whole.

Various embodiments are proposed for this purpose, but the embodiment according to claim 6 is particularly advantageous.

Further advantageous embodiments are described in claim 7. According to this embodiment, there is no need to consider the meshing between the teeth of the tool and the teeth of the workpiece, and second, the radial feed during machining can be performed only once or in stages.

As a result, it is possible to effectively eliminate periodic (wavy) deviations in the tooth profile that occur in the tooth height direction, or deviations in the tooth profile that may be caused by protruding grains.

Another important embodiment is set out in claim 8. This embodiment likewise serves to improve processing quality.

For simple and inexpensive adjustment in the circumferential direction, the embodiment according to claim 9 is advantageous.

The embodiments according to claims 10 and 11 serve for simple operation for adjusting the tool relative to the workpiece, in particular for automatic machining termination.

The embodiment described in claim 12 is an effective embodiment. This is because cutting feed can be performed without changing the axis spacing.

The embodiment described in claim 13 is also an effective embodiment. This is because an effect similar to that of a tensile test stand can be obtained. Torsion springs offer the possibility of controlling the contact pressure of the tooth flanks to be machined and optionally make replacement of the tooth flanks flexible.

The quality of the workpiece, especially in relation to periodic deviations of the workpiece tooth flanks, is further improved.

The retrofitting of the machine according to the invention is simplified by the embodiments set forth in claims 15 and 16. In that case,
A replacement wheel is a gear or friction wheel mounted on a bearing for easy replacement, similar to a replacement gear on a lathe. It is also possible to use known exchange gear systems in this connection.

In order to simplify the adjustment of the workpiece/tool tooth flanks to the two guide gear tooth flanks or to have the possibility of automating this adjustment,
The embodiments described in Claims No.]-7 are useful.

In order to avoid undesirably changing the tooth surface contact in the machining method using the machine of the invention and to ensure that the switchable latch according to claim 17, if present, functions reliably, the patent The embodiment according to claim 18 is useful.

Claim 19 indicates an advantageous further embodiment of the invention, in which the working surface, in particular the friction surface in the case of a friction wheel or the tooth surface in the case of a gear wheel, is provided with a wear-resistant material, for example titanium nitride or It can be coated with hard chromium or the like or a plastic phase with good sliding properties. Also advantageous is the coating material Oz1, which is wear-resistant and at the same time has good sliding properties.

A further advantageous embodiment is shown in claim 20. As a protection device, a casing surrounding the guide wheels may be provided, or a plate for deflecting flying objects and chips may be inserted between the guide wheels and the workpiece pair. A combination of both may also be used.

The gist of the method of the present invention is as described in claim 21. Advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention are described in patent claims 22 and 23, with which the quality of the processing is further improved.

In the embodiment described in claim 24, the direction of rotation is changed in order to replace the contacting tooth surfaces, and at this time, the sliding direction of the tooth surfaces relative to each other in the tooth height direction is also changed. In other words,
Depending on which spindle of the tool/workpiece pair is the driven spindle, the relative movement takes place from the tip to the root or vice versa ("push" or "pull").

According to the embodiment described in claim 25, there is no need to switch the rotation direction, and the machining time is shortened depending on the case, but the machining accuracy is not as high as when the rotation direction is switched depending on the case. It's not good. In addition, according to this embodiment, when high machining accuracy is desired, the deflection of the teeth must be taken into consideration.

Another advantage of the invention is that the contact between the right and left workpiece tooth flanks and the corresponding tool tooth flanks is achieved more quickly and precisely than in known machines, and independently of the varying tooth thickness of the workpiece teeth and the wear of the tool teeth. Obtained regardless of state.

The front position of the workpiece tooth relative to the tool tooth groove can be easily positioned.

The preselected quantity is received by the workpiece tooth surface in a very precise and time-independent manner. ” - The above also applies to the time of repair using a repair vehicle.

A particular advantage of the invention is that the machining allowance is predetermined. Machining costs no longer depend solely on machining time. Moreover, the tools are protected. This is because the tooth surfaces do not come into contact during starting and braking.

In the device according to the invention, the machining process is not interrupted, so that the pressure of the tool tooth on the workpiece tooth is approximately equal to the machining pressure. the"
2. Even in the deceleration machining state, tooth surface contact is not interrupted.

The present invention operates with so-called one-sided contact. In other words,
Only one side of the interlocking teeth makes contact.

However, the entire transmission consisting of the tool tooth and the guide tooth meshes with both tooth flanks in contact, in other words, when the tool tooth is in contact with the right tooth flank, for example, the guide tooth is in contact with the left tooth flank. death,
or vice versa. Therefore, separation of the tooth surfaces due to vibration or other influences is reliably prevented. As a result, the cutting feed is carried out simply by reducing the shaft spacing and, because of this, without the special movements required during play-free movement of the guide wheel. On the other hand, due to the one-sided flank contact of the tool tooth, the tooth flanks of the tool tooth can be machined in contact with essentially a large part of the tooth flank.

In the present invention, the concept of "reversible motor"
If two machines are provided for machining tooth flanks on one side in each case, this includes one motor rotating in one direction of rotation and the other motor rotating in the opposite direction of rotation. In that case, it is assumed that the motor is switched depending on the conveyance of the workpiece.

The guide gear pair must have as large a meshing contact surface as possible. The limit of possible modification of the teeth is up to a point where the tooth tip of the guide gear becomes significantly thinner.

It is often the case that one tooth flank of a workpiece has to be cut more or less than the other tooth flanks. In such a case, the machine of the present invention adjusts the cutting allowance for each tooth surface.

The present invention is not limited to external gears, but can also be applied to internal gears.

Next, the present invention will be specifically explained with reference to the illustrated embodiments.

One coaxial work gear 2 (hereinafter simply referred to as the work) and one guide gear 3 arranged coaxially on the work spindle 1 constitute a battleship.

The workpiece gear 2 and the guide gear 3 are fixed to the workpiece spindle 1 so as to be non-rotatable, non-axially movable and replaceable. A toothed tool 6 (hereinafter simply referred to as tool) and a guide gear 7 are fixed to the tool spindle 5 in a manner that is likewise non-rotatable, non-axially movable and replaceable. The tool 6 has a frictional machining surface, that is, a frictional tooth surface, and meshes with the teeth of the workpiece 2. The guide gear 7 and the guide gear 3 mesh with each other. The axis of the work spindle 1 and the axis of the tool spindle 5 intersect with each other at a distance. The so-called intersection points 8 (common vertical lines) are located inside the workpiece/tool pair, for example in the center or inside the guide gear pair, or in their vicinity, for example between the workpiece/tool pair and the guide gear pair. Ru. This machine uses the so-called plunge cut method. In short, the tooth flanks of the workpiece teeth can be machined, for example, cut, without vertical sliding of the tool relative to the workpiece. Therefore, the pitch cylinder of the tool must mesh with the pitch cylinder of the workpiece in an eyfroid fashion. Furthermore, the tool teeth must contact the entire width of the workpiece teeth.

In FIG. 1, the axis intersection point 8 is located at the center of the workpiece tooth, so that the tool... A curve 9 is shown symmetrically with respect to the axial intersection point 8 . The teeth of the guide gear pair correspond to the teeth of known transmissions with crossed axes. It is advantageous if the machine is designed with a high ξ zero or similar curved shape corresponding to the position of the axis intersection, which improves the quality of the work.

FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of the engagement between the tooth grooves of the guide gear 7 and the teeth of the guide gear 3. The tooth surfaces are in contact on the left side, and there is an S crushe on the right side.

Similarly, FIG. 3 shows an enlarged view of the engagement between the tooth grooves of the tool 6 and the teeth of the workpiece 2. In this case, the tooth surfaces are in contact on the right side and there is play on the left side.

In short, in the illustrated example, the right tooth flank of the workpiece is fully machined, and the left tooth flank of the coaxial guide gear 3 guides and supports it. When machining the workpiece tooth flanks on the other side, the relative positions of the two gear pairs are exchanged, so that the tooth flanks are brought into contact on the right side in FIG. 2 and on the left side in FIG. 3. This tooth surface replacement will be explained in detail below.

FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the tool spindle 5. FIG.

The tool spindle 5 is mounted in a tool spindle head 10, part of which is shown in section. A receiver 11 is fixed in a non-rotatable and axially movable manner on the tool spindle.

A tool R6 is supported on the receiver 11, and this tool 6 is fixed non-rotatably by known means (not shown) and non-moveable in the axial direction by a wire nut 12. The tool 6 is meshed with the workpiece 2. Guide gear 7 inside the receptor
is positioned, and the guide gear 7 meshes with another guide gear 3. The guide gear 7 rotates within the receiver and is held axially by a tightening device 13 (I bolt, disk, nut) and a spring 14. A feed mechanism 15 engages on the one hand in the receiver 1 and on the other hand in the guide gear 7, which feed mechanism 15 is shown in detail in FIG. The feed mechanism 15 essentially consists of a basic body 16 and a strip 17 provided on its underside, which engages in a groove 18 provided in the receiver 11 parallel to the axis of the tool 6. A key 19 is provided on the opposite side, which engages in a groove 20 provided in the hub of the guide gear 7 at an angle to the axis of the tool. When the feed mechanism 15 moves axially, the guide gear 7 rotates relative to the tool 6. This changes the relative position of the teeth (FIGS. 2 and 3). It is advantageous if a plurality of such feed mechanisms are provided distributed around the circumference. In order to be able to move the feed mechanism, a switching ring is provided on the feed mechanism, in which a thrust bearing 22 is arranged longitudinally immovably relative thereto. This thrust bearing is partially surrounded by a switching fork 23. The switching fork is connected via a piston rod to a piston 24, which in a cylinder 25 has two chambers 26.
He is in charge of 27. This chamber 26.27 contains the control device 2
8 is optionally loaded with a hydraulic or pneumatic pressure medium via conduit 29.30.

In short, the control device 28 defines the relative positions of the tooth flanks of the tool and the guide gear, and thus the relative positions of the tooth flanks of the tool and the workpiece.

When high precision is required, it is effective to insert a large number of balls or dowels held at intervals by cages between the sliding surfaces of the feed mechanism.

The illustrated feeding mechanism is merely one example. Advantageously, a double helical gear is used and is arranged to be movable.

In that case, the shaft serves as the strip and the helical tooth serves as the key.

6 and 7 show a device for adjusting the displacement of the tooth flanks of the tool 6 and the guide gear 7 by means of hydraulic or pneumatic rotary pistons. The tool 6 is fixed non-rotatably and axially movably on a tool spindle 31, which is rotatably and axially movably supported on a machine frame 32 or a suitable slide. Rotational drive is provided via shaft 31a. A work spindle not shown in FIG. 6 may be made drivable. A cylinder 33 is rotatably but immovably supported in the tool spindle 1:'. A guide gear 7 is mounted non-rotatably and non-moveably in the longitudinal direction on the outer wall of the cylinder. The tool spindle is designed at one end as a rotating piston 34 (see FIG. 7). The travel of the feed mechanism 15 (FIGS. 4 and 5) may be limited by a Stone-Q device 95,96.

The rotary piston 34 forms, together with the inner shape 35 of the cylinder 33, two chambers 36.37 into which a bore 38.39 opens, respectively. In order to be able to supply pressure medium, the cylinder is equipped with a pin part 40, in which a supply bushing 41 is rotatably and tightly guided in a known manner. From the supply bush, conduit 4-2
．． 43 is guided to a control device 44.

The control device supplies pressure medium to both chambers 36, 37 via conduits 42, 43, supply bushes 4-1 and bores 38, 39. This drives the rotating stone,
The relative position of the tooth surfaces changes. How can you control the contact pressure on the tool tooth surface? This is because the corresponding tooth surface of the guide gear is supported by the other guide gear (second
(See Figure and Figure 3). Elements useful for supplying the pressure medium, such as pumps, filters, valves, etc., are not shown for simplicity. The control device is also well known and is not shown in the drawings. (-0) Figure 8 shows an electromagnetic drive which can be used in place of the devices shown in Figures 6 and 7. In this case, a lever 45 is provided instead of a rotating piston,
The movable member 46 is engaged with the movable member 46, and the movable member is guided so as to be movable in the longitudinal direction within the cylinder 33a.

The mover shall be controlled by two electromagnets 47,48.

Electromagnet 4-7.48 is supplied with current via a slip ring mechanism +9.

A known slider guide mechanism (dovetail groove guide or prismatic guide mechanism) 5 is provided in the tool carriage 51 to approach the tool in the radial direction.
2, and within this slider guide mechanism 52 is provided an auxiliary carriage 53 which can be guided in the radial direction relative to the workpiece 2. This auxiliary carriage is driven by an electric motor via a worm gear 55, a feed spindle 56 and a feed nut 57 fixed to the auxiliary carriage. A tool spindle 58 is rotatably and longitudinally nonmovably supported in the auxiliary carriage. tool spin 15
The tool 6 receives a tool 6 in a known manner. A guide gear spindle is rotatably mounted in a tool carriage 51 approximately coaxially or axially parallel to the tool spindle.

A rotary piston mechanism is mounted on the end face of the guide gear spindle, as described in FIGS. 6 and 7. The cylinder of the rotary piston mechanism 60 is fixed to the guide gear spindle 59. The guide gear spindle 59 is hollow, and a torsion bar spring 61 projects into the hollow portion in the axial direction. This torsion rod spring is fixed on the one hand to the tool spindle and on the other hand to the V-stone of the rotating piston mechanism. With this device,
A deviation of the tool axis relative to the guide gear axis can be made possible.

This deviation is extremely small. This is because only the radial cutting feed needs to be permitted by the torsion bar spring. The torsion rod spring provides a torque transmission between the tool spindle and the guide gear spindle and at the same time serves for the elastic contact of the tooth flanks. The radial cutting feed is controlled by an electric motor 54. The shaft 61 can also be equipped with a clutch.

The tool carriage 51 is supported in the machine frame or in a part 62 connected thereto by a circular guide 63, so that the bearing differential angle between workpiece and tool can also be adjusted by means of this. The tightening direction for fixing is not shown in the drawings.

If a torsion bar spring is insufficient due to radial displacement, a clutch 77 can be provided instead, which allows translation of the shaft. This clutch may consist, for example, of a cross-mesh clutch as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11. This cross-mesh clutch 77 essentially consists of two clutch halves 64, 65, each clutch half having an end groove 66.65 extending along its center line.
67 are set up. A cross plate 68 is inserted between the two clutch halves and is provided with a mating strip 69, 70 on each end face. The mating strips are oriented at right angles to each other and fit into said grooves. A large number of balls or rollers may be advantageously inserted between the sliding surfaces (not shown).

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, it is advantageous to design one of the guide gears as a segmented elastic gear, since the guide gears mesh without tooth surface play. An example thereof is shown in FIGS. 12 and 13.

The guide gear 71 mainly consists of halves 72,73. One half 72 is provided with a positioning dowel 74, and the other half 73 is rotatably supported on this boss 74. Both halves have identical teeth. With the teeth of both halves offset by a predetermined amount, matching holes are drilled through both halves, into which a bushing 7 of elastic material is placed.
5 or a plug is inserted. When both halves try to rotate relative to each other to eliminate the misalignment of their teeth, an elastic force acts to return it to its starting position. The half supported on the boss is held axially by a nut 76.

Resilient gears are known in various forms, in which leaf springs or coil springs are used as the elastic member.

FIG. 14 shows the working process of the method of the present invention in order. Reference numeral 80 indicates a tool tooth, and reference numeral 81 indicates a workpiece tooth space. The method of the present invention is carried out by the following steps.

a) Bringing the tool closer. Until the tool tooth 80 reaches the starting position for machining with tooth flank play in the tooth groove of the workpiece or vice versa. ~Introduction of rotational motion.

b) Adjust the tool by moving it laterally in the circumferential direction relative to the workpiece until the tooth surfaces are in contact. Cutting.

C) Radial feed, cutting.

d) Departure to position a.

e) Lateral movement and cutting until contact with the other workpiece tooth surface.

f) Radial feed, cutting.

g) Separation movement similar to a and b.

h) Machine stop and return to starting position.

Processing steps b-g may be repeated or otherwise combined.

The processing procedure described above is an example of a relatively complicated method. Relatively simple processing steps such as steps a, b, e
, h are also possible.

14 shows that repeated radial feeding eliminates wave-like deviations on the workpiece tooth surface, especially when the feeding rhythm corresponds to the wavelength of the deviation.

15 to 18 show another embodiment of the invention. Parts unnecessary for the explanation have been omitted. Reference numerals 2 and 6 indicate a workpiece and a tool, respectively, and numerals 3 and 7 indicate guide gears (see FIG. 1). The workpiece/tool pair (2, 6) and the guide gear pair (3, 7) are shown far apart for reasons of clarity, so that the workpiece spindle 1δ and the tool spindle 5 are also shown significantly longer. Reference numeral 85 indicates a drive motor. The illustrated component on the tool spindle 5 represents a feed mechanism 15 by which the tooth flank contact is exchanged from left to right tooth flank and vice versa.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 16, the tool spindle is stationary.
Ru. A switching clutch 86 is inserted into the work spindle. One motor 8 on each side of the work spindle 1
7.88 is arranged and the motor can also be connected for braking. According to the switching of the motor and the opening and closing of the switching clutch, the tooth flanks on the driving side are exchanged, and thereby, due to the play of the tooth flanks, the contacting tooth flanks are also exchanged, and even if the rotation direction is the same, This accelerates machining.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 17, only a motor 87 is provided on the left side of the work spindle, and a brake or flywheel 89 is provided on the right side of the work spindle. The driving tooth flank and thus the cutting tooth flank are exchanged depending on the direction of rotation of the motor and the opening and closing of the switching clutch 86.

Like the other drawings, FIG. 17 is only a schematic representation.

For example, the switching clutch 86 may be arranged outside the workpiece 2 and the guide gear 3. The main point is work 2 and guide gear 3.
It is possible to separate the

FIG. 18 shows an embodiment in which the tool spindle and the workpiece spindle are each provided with one switching clutch 90,91.

The work spindle is connected to a motor 85 on the left side and is provided with a brake or flywheel 89 on the other side. The tool spindle is connected to a motor 92 on the right side.

In this embodiment as well, tooth surface contact can be effectively controlled.

In FIG. 18, as an example, a friction wheel is provided instead of a guide gear. The motor is an electric motor or a hydraulic motor.

By switching the rotational direction of the motor or connecting and disconnecting the motor as shown in FIGS. 16 to 18, the switching clutch 8
By connecting and disconnecting 6, 90, 91, the tooth flanks on the driving side of the system are exchanged, and thereby also the tooth flanks on the cutting side.

In yet another embodiment not shown, the work spin 1-'
The guide gears fixed to the tool spindle and the tool spindle are designed so that they do not mesh with each other.

For this purpose, two easily exchangeable replacement gears are provided between the two guide gears, and the replacement gears mesh with both guide gears. Instead of this exchange gear, it is also possible, for example, to use exchange gear systems commonly known for lathes and milling machines.

FIG. 19 shows an embodiment for machining an internal gear. This principle can also be used in all other embodiments described for external gears.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 20, a workpiece 2 and a guide gear 3 are similarly mounted coaxially on a tool spindle 1 in parallel with each other. The workpiece and the guide gear are fixed non-rotatably, longitudinally non-movably and replaceably to the workpiece spindle by means of a clamping device (not shown). A tool 6 and a guide gear 7 are fixed to the tool spindle 5 so as to be non-rotatable and non-movable in the longitudinal direction. The tool has a frictional machining surface, in other words a frictional tooth surface, and meshes with the workpiece 2 by means of its teeth. The axis of the work spindle 1 and the axis of the tool spindle 5 intersect at a distance. A so-called bearing difference point 8 (common vertical line) is located inside the workpiece/tool pair, for example in its center, or at or near the guide gear pair, for example between the workpiece/tool pair and the guide gear pair. This machine likewise works with the so-called plunge cut method.

Portions unnecessary for explaining the present invention, such as a machine frame, a carriage, a feed drive device, etc., are not shown for the sake of simplicity.

The guide gear pair (3, 7) and the workpiece/tool pair (2, 6) are illustrated at a greater distance from each other than they actually are for ease of viewing. One spindle, for example the tool spindle 5, is connected at one end to a motor 101, for example an electric motor.

The direction of rotation of this motor can be changed by changing the polarity or by means of a transmission (not shown).

The spindle that is not connected to the motor, for example the workpiece spindle 1, is equipped with a brake 102. This brake can be connected and disconnected. The operation of this machine will be explained below.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 21, the spindle connected to the motor 101 is, for example, a tool spindle 5, which can additionally be switched between the guide gear 7 and the tool 6 and the latch 1.
It is equipped with 03.

For this reason, the guide gear and the tool can be separated from each other during operation.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 22, the spindle connected to the motor 101 is, for example, a tool spindle 5, which is additionally provided with a brake 104 or a flywheel at the end opposite the motor 101. A clutch 103 is interposed on the tool spindle 5 between the tool 6 and the guide gear.

The brake 102 ensures constant contact of the tooth flanks of the guide gear, so that the contact pressure on the tooth flanks is approximately equal to the machining pressure. It is advantageous if the tooth surface contact of the guide gear is not interrupted when the brake is released. The purpose of the brake 104 or flywheel is to increase the frictional moment of the tool spindle 5 upon disengagement of the clutch 103. According to this embodiment, the tooth surface of the guide gear and the tooth surface of the tool contact each other reliably and without play or with a small preload. The brake 104 or flywheel prevents the tool tooth flanks from undesirably separating.

The operation of the machine shown in FIG. 22 is the same as that of the machine shown in FIG.

FIG. 23 shows the processing procedure of the mechanical method shown in FIG. 22 in various states.

In each case one tooth or one tooth groove of the gear wheel involved in the machining is shown.

In Figures 23a to 23h, the right tooth surface is designated by R1.
The tooth flanks on the left side are indicated by codes.

As already mentioned, the guide gear 3 and the workpiece 2 are fixed on a common spindle l and are fixedly connected to one another. A switchable latch 103 is inserted in the other spindle 1 (FIGS. 21 and 22).

In FIG. 23, the roots of the teeth of the guide gear 7 and the tool 6 are shown connected to each other. The corners indicate that they are connected by the tool spindle 5. The two thick vertical lines within this coupling line represent the released clutch 103.

The two thick vertical lines are not shown when the clutch is engaged.

(FIG. 23a) The workpiece 2 is meshed with the teeth of the tool 6 and is clamped onto the workpiece spindle 1.

Clutch 103 is open. Drive device (motor 101
) gives a slight rotational motion in any direction. The rotation direction in this example is called "positive".

Therefore, the left flank of the guide gear 7 drives the left flank of the guide gear 3. As a result, the right tooth flanks of the workpiece/tool pair (6, 2) come into contact. The meaning is that the right tooth flank R of the workpiece 2 drives the right tooth flank R of the tool 6. The brake or flywheel 104 is activated. Tooth play exists on the opposite tooth flank of the corresponding tooth, for example tooth play A exists on the right tooth flank of the guide gear.

FIG. 23b) Clutch 103 is closed.

The axial distance between the workpiece spindle 1 and the tool spindle 5 is slightly increased, so that smooth rotational deviations or pitch deviations of the workpiece do not have a detrimental effect (such deviations are
This occurs when the minimum radius of the workpiece accidentally hits the tool in the state shown in Figure 3a, and it hits the tool during machining after the maximum half-rotation, and this causes a catch). The tooth play mentioned above increases to B.

FIG. 23c) The drive is driven in the "positive" direction of rotation at normal working speed. This brings the left tooth surfaces of the guide gears 3 and 7 into contact. (If there is a large deviation in smooth rotation, the ratio will change slightly). Work spindle brake 10
2 serves for constant contact of the tooth surfaces of the guide gear.

Figure 23d) Axial spacing is reduced. The roughness of the teeth of the guide gear decreases to C. The workpiece is cut by D. For a given - often short period of time, this minimum axis spacing is
o ''.Then the shaft spacing shown in FIG. 23a is reached.A tooth flank play occurs between the right tooth flanks of the tool/workpiece pair, corresponding to the material being cut.The drive is stopped. A brake 102 acts on the work spindle to keep the tooth surface contact unchanged.

FIG. 23e) After the tool spindle and workpiece spindle have stopped, the clutch 103 is released. The drive device is gradually rotated in the direction of rotation of °° minus '''. This results in a situation opposite to that of FIG. 23a.

23f to 23h) The next machining is performed on the opposite tooth surface in the steps shown in FIGS. 23b to 23d.

It is more effective if a controllable residual torque is maintained when the clutch 103 is released. In this way, the guide gear "slips" at the highest point of the round rotation deviation or pitch deviation.

This allows the workpiece tooth surface to be machined with a slight contact pressure.

The tool is engaged with the dressing wheel in a procedure corresponding to that of FIGS. 23a to 23h. At this time, a dressing wheel is clamped into the device instead of the workpiece.

The only important difference here is that in the procedure shown in FIGS. 23a and 23e, the tooth flanks are in contact with the clutch open and at a shorter axial spacing than in the procedure for gear machining.

With the device according to the invention, the method can be carried out without a switchable latch and without a brake or flywheel 104. However, in this case, the effect is somewhat lower than that of the above-mentioned method.

24 to 26 show diagrams of the processing procedure shown in FIGS. 23a to 23h, and the abbreviations used are as follows.

L-: Tool spin 1'''le 5 and work spin l'/l/
1 Which maximum shaft spacing, M = - Axis spacing in the machining procedure not shown in Figures 23a, 23e and 23f, 0 - Minimum shaft spacing or shaft spacing "zero", F - Release of clutch 103; G-clutch 103 closed, H=brake 102 connected, ■=ni brake 10 disconnected J-brake 104 connected - brake 104 disconnected nJ" Maximum rotation speed in one rotation direction [-positive" n2 in one rotation direction "negative" Maximum rotation speed 1+, t2=time Instead of the brake 104, a flywheel may be used.

Thick solid lines indicate the function of each member. Dashed lines indicate the beginning of each function.

FIGS. 23-26 are just one example. Needless to say, these functions are changed depending on the specific processing conditions. In particular, when machining toothed and left tooth flanks in various ways, the number of rotations, time, and axial spacing may be changed depending on the case. The same can be said about retouching. According to the invention, the actual experience of operational experiments can be taken into account in determining the final functionality of the device. For example, in FIG. 26, the axis spacing change does not have to be linear. Furthermore, the final axial spacing may vary.

FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view of the guide gears 3 and 7 that mesh with each other.

A tooth surface coating 201,202 is provided, the material of which is different from that of the body 203,204. If wear resistance is desired on the tooth surface, it can be coated with titanium nitride (TiN), or provided with a hard chromium layer, or other suitable coating. If good sliding properties are desired, a suitable material such as plastic may be coated. Furthermore, it would also be possible to coat the material with a material that is wear-resistant and at the same time has good sliding properties.

In the embodiment of FIG. 28, the meshing of both guide gears 3, 7 is protected by a protection device from dirt, such as machining chips or spray fluids. For this purpose casing 30
1 is provided, and within this casing are guide gears 3,
7 is accommodated. The housing is designed in such a way that the guide gear can be easily replaced. For example, the casing
It is formed into a shell shape with a dividing surface in a plane passing through the tool spindle and the work spindle. The cutouts for the workpiece spindle 1 and the tool spindle 5 are covered by spray plates 302, 303, which are fixed to the spindle. Instead of this, on the side opposite to the workpiece 2, a
4 may be provided. Tool 6
On the opposite side, a recess is provided in the casing for the tool spindle.

Without a casing, only one or two spray strips 305 could be fixed to the workpiece spindle 1, or possibly also to the tool spindle 5, as shown in FIG.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the basic form of the machine of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a partially enlarged view showing the meshing of both guide gears, Fig. 3 is a partially enlarged view showing the meshing between the workpiece and the tool, and Fig. 4 is a partially enlarged view showing the meshing of the work and the tool. 5 is a partially enlarged detail view of the tool spindle 1' shown in FIG. 4; FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of another embodiment of the tool spindle; FIG. Figure 7 is a sectional view taken along the line ■-■ in Figure 6, Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic drive device for adjusting the movement of the tool gear relative to the guide gear, and Figure 9 is a diagram of the tool spin building. A schematic diagram of yet another embodiment; FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a cross-mesh clutch used in the same embodiment; FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a cross plate of the cross-mesh clutch shown in FIG. Fig. 12 is a sectional view showing the elastic gear, Fig. 13 is an end view seen from the direction of arrow A in Fig. 12, Fig. 14, h
%\~ is a diagram showing the machining procedure of the tool gear, Figure 1.5 is a schematic diagram showing the combination of the tool gear, both guide gears, motor, clutch, and brake or flywheel in one embodiment of the present invention FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing another combination similar to FIG. 15, FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing yet another combination similar to FIG. 15, and FIG. FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment in which the method of the present invention is implemented using an internal gear; FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment in which the tool spindle is equipped with a motor; FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram showing the combination. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment in which the tool spindle is equipped with a clutch 103;
Figure 2 is a diagram showing a schematic diagram of an embodiment in which a tool spindle is equipped with a motor, a clutch and a brake, or a flywheel;
FIG. 27 is a partial sectional view of a guide gear according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the machine according to the invention, and FIG.
The figure is a schematic illustration of a further embodiment of the invention. 1... Work spin IS le, 2... Work gear, 3
... Guide gear, 4... Tightening device, 5... Tool spindle 6... Tool, 7... Guide gear, 8... Bearing difference point, 9... High/ξ Bolloy I' Curve, 10... Tool spindle head, 11... Receptor, 12... Tightening nut, ■3... Tightening device, 14... Spring, 15
...Feeding mechanism, 16...Base body, 17...Strip, 1
8...Groove, 19...Key, 20...Groove, 21...
Switching ring, 22... Thrust bearing, 23... Switching fork, 24... Piston, 25... Cylinder, 2
6.27...Room, 28...Control device, 29.30.
...Conduit, 31...Tool spin 1ξle, 31a...
Shaft, 32... Machine frame, 33, 33a... Cylinder, 3
4...Rotating piston, 35...Inner shape, 36.37.
... Chamber, 38.39... Hole, 4o... Pin part, 41
...Supply bushing, 42.43...Conduit, 44...
・Control device, 45...Shi-146...Mover,
47.48... Electromagnet, 49... Slip ring mechanism, 51... Tool carriage, 52... Slider guide mechanism, 53... Auxiliary carriage, 54... Electric motor, 55...
... Worm electric device, 56 ... Feed spindle, 5
7... Feed nut, 58... Tool spindle, 59
... Guide gear spindle, 60 ... Rotating piston mechanism, 61 ... Torsion bar spring, 62 ... Part, 63 ...
... Circular guide, 64.65 ... Clutch half, 66°67 ... Groove, 68 ... Cross plate, 69.70 ... Fitting strip, 71 ... Guide gear, 72. 73...half part,
74... Positioning, 75... Bush, 76.
...Natsuto, 77...Cross mesh clutch, 80...
Tool tooth, 81... Work tooth groove, 85... Drive motor, 86... Switching clutch, 87... Motor, 88...
...Motor, 89...Brake or flywheel, 90.
91...Clutch, 92...Motor, 93.94.
...Friction wheel, 101...Motor, 102...Brake, 103...Clutch, 104...Brake or flywheel, 201.202-...Layer, 203,204=
One main body, 301...Casing, 302, 303, 3
05... Spray liquid removal is a board, 304...
45)-80-

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A machine for manufacturing or machining teeth of a straight gear or a helical gear by a toothed tool having a hyperzoroid, glozoid or similar shape, the toothed tool having a frictional tooth. In the case of a type that has a tooth surface or a similar tooth surface and meshes from one tooth end surface of the workpiece to the other tooth end surface, and the workpiece and the toothed tool have a bearing difference angle, ) The toothed tool (6) and the workpiece (2) are each connected approximately coaxially to one guide wheel (3, 7; 93, 94), and these two guide wheels are in contact with each other and the workpiece It has the same transmission ratio as the tool pair (2.6), and (
(b) A machine for manufacturing or processing gears, characterized in that only the right flank or the left flank of the tool tooth, respectively, comes into contact with the workpiece tooth during the machining procedure. 2. (c) a reversible motor (101) is connected to the tool spindle (5) or the workpiece spindle (1); (d) the other spindle (5) not connected to said motor (101); or 1) is the brake, (-,, io2
) The machine according to claim 1. 3. Machine according to claim 1 or 2, in which the guide wheels consist of friction wheels (93) in contact with each other. The machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein both guide wheels comprise gears meshing with each other. 5. The machine according to claim 1, further comprising a control device for changing the relative positions of the tooth surfaces of the toothed tool (6) and the workpiece (2). 6. Claim No. 6, which is provided with a switching device capable of switching the contact of the teeth of the toothed tool (6) meshing with the teeth of the workpiece (2) from the right tooth surface to the left tooth surface or vice versa. 5
Machines listed in section. 7. The machine according to claim 5, further comprising a feed control device capable of changing the relative positions of the tooth surfaces of the toothed tool (6) and the workpiece (2) in the tooth height direction. 8. The machine according to claim 19 or 2, which is provided with a control device (15°34.61) that can change the contact pressure between the tooth surface to be machined and the tooth surface to be machined. . 97 [V-belt transmission (: +-5) or similar between each component of the tool/workpiece pair or the part connected thereto and the guide gear (3 or 7) or the part connected thereto 9. Machine according to claim 6, characterized in that it is provided with a V-belt transmission which is drivable and controllable. 10. At least one component of the tool/workpiece pair (2, 6) or a portion connected thereto, and one guide gear (
3 or 7) or the parts connected thereto, there is provided an adjustable member (45) driven and controlled by an electromagnetic device (46-50). or the machine described in paragraph 9. 11. A pneumatic or hydraulic device (40-44) between at least one component of the tool/workpiece pair and one of the guide gears (3 or 7) or a part connected thereto.
': an adjustable member (34,
35) is provided in claim 6 or 8.
Machines listed in section. 12. Machine according to claim 2, in which both guide gears (7, 3) have tooth surface play. 13. A spring is provided between at least one component of the tool/workpiece pair (2, 6) or a part coupled thereto and one of the guide gears (3 or 7) or a part coupled thereto. A machine according to claim 8. 141. Machine according to claim 4, in which both guide gears (3, 7) have a different pitch from the teeth of the tool. 15. The machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein both guide gears are exchange gears. ], 6. The machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pair of guide teeth 1j is combined with a pair of exchange wheels. 17 The spindle (5 or 1-) connected to the motor) J (]-〇l) is switched between the guide gear (7゜3) and the tool (6) or workpiece (2) i7J Machine according to claim 2, characterized in that it is provided with a locking latch (103). ]-8 The spindle (5,1) connected to the motor (101) is provided with an additional brake (]-04) or a flywheel Ij. Machines listed in section. 19 At least one working surface of at least one guide wheel is made of a material different from the material of the guide wheel body (201, 202
) is coated with the machine according to claim 1 or 2. 20, the meshing of both guide gears (3, 7) is protected by the protection device (30
3. A machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the machine is protected from dirt by means 1 to 305). 2] - A method of manufacturing or processing the teeth of a straight gear or a helical gear by using a toothed side tool having a high zerooid, globoid or similar shape, with a bearing difference angle between the workpiece and the tool, (a) The teeth of the toothed tool (6) and the teeth of the workpiece are meshed with each other with play between the teeth until the axial spacing corresponds to the start of machining, (b) The workpiece and the toothed tool Rotate (c)
The toothed tool (6) and the workpiece (2) are moved relatively until one tooth surface of the tool tooth contacts the corresponding tooth surface of the workpiece, and ←) A method for producing or processing a gear, which is characterized by moving relatively until it comes into contact with a corresponding tooth surface, and then (E) disengaging from mesh and stopping. 22. A method as claimed in claim 21, in which the replacement of the contacting tooth flanks is combined by feeding the toothed tool at least radially relative to the workpiece. 23. Claim 21, in which multiple radial feeds are performed on the same tooth surface during one contact of the tooth surface of the tooth side tool.
The method described in section. 2°Φ, workpiece and tooth 4\ to replace the contacting tooth surface
22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the rotation direction of one tool is switched. 25. The method according to claim 21, wherein the contacting screen is replaced by changing the relative speed without changing the direction of rotation.