DE19830629C2 - Tool star turret - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a tool turret according to the Preamble of claim 1.

Such a tool star is from DE 196 21 356 A1 volver known, on the previously known CNC-controlled plan turrets or boring heads cannot be adapted. The Turret spindle of this star turret could be a plan Rotating the rotating head is not suitable, however Tool slide of the facing head during the rotation controlled or regulated movement of the turret spindle len.

Controlled adjustment of the tool slide is from the DE 29 28 706 A1 known. There is a machine tool with shown a horizontally mounted swivel bracket. The Swivel bracket carries at least two processing heads, which for Face turning are suitable. For machining a workpiece a selected machining head moves to a lower position brought and fixed there. Protrudes from the processing head a drive shaft out into which the drive for the Facing head rotation is engaged. In the processing head a pull rod is arranged, the one via a gear Torque feed generated. The pull rod is from the The back of the machining head is a hydraulic front thrust device brought up to the drawbar as well is hydraulically coupled. The external feed device causes the chisel feed movement when coupled supply.

The present invention is therefore based on the problem to create a tool star turret with which a control Face turning possible by flanging a face turning head is, the drive for the feed movement of the tool sled should be easily adaptable.

The problem is solved using a tool turret solved the features of claim 1.

In at least one adapter recess of the turret a facing device with a transverse to their rotation Axially movable tool slide arranged. Here is de The housing is fixed to the turret in a torsionally rigid manner. From the case a drive shaft protrudes, which is part of a tool slide is the plan of the tool slide ver after coupling a drive unit poses. The drive shaft or its center line crosses or intersects the axis of rotation of the turret spindle.

The facing device protrudes from the adapter recess with the Facing head and the drive shaft for the gearbox the tool slide is driven out. The drive shaft is, for example, perpendicular to the facing lathe or the turret spindle aligned.

The drive shaft protruding from the housing has on her free end a take-away unit. On the latter one External drive coupled, provided the facing head is from the star revolver from a rest position to the working position pivots. By coupling the turret spindle to the Facing lathe also becomes an external stranger, for example drive brought up to the drive shaft and engaged.  

The stranger drives while the facing head is rotating drive, which is preferably a servo drive, as a regular CNC axis on the tool slide of the facing head.

The external drive for the tool slide can, for example from a handling robot to the star turret if required or brought up to the drive unit of the drive shaft become.

With star revolvers with a swivel axis for the revolver head by means of a on the base body of the star revolver stationary axle journals or axle bolts are realized, alternatively, the axis protruding from the turret tap one - also called stub axle - via a cantilever Drive unit for the adjustment drive of the tool slide take up. The drive unit, for example, coaxial with Drive shaft can be arranged includes u. a. one by means of of another external drive, longitudinally displaceable servo drive. Via the external drive, which in this case is only a short way must bridge the distance, the servo drive is connected to the drive shaft coupled. The external drive can be a be pneumatic feed unit.

The gearbox, the drive shaft and the tool slide kinematically linked, can be of several different types Gear stages exist. All gear stages are here designed a minimal game. Furthermore, almost all of the Turret spindle driven parts balanced in Ge housing of the facing device are stored and revolve.

Further refinements of the invention are the subject of the subclaims and the following description of a schematically illustrated embodiment, FIG. 1 showing a known tool star turret according to DE 196 21 356 A1, FIG. 1:

Fig. 1: longitudinal section through a known tool star turret with a conventional tool holder and a conventional stub axis;

Fig. 2: Partial longitudinal section through the entire Plandrehvor direction and other parts of the tool turret;

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section through the built in the turret part of the facing device;

Fig. 4: longitudinal section through the drive unit of the facing device.

Fig. 1 shows a tool turret in a vertical longitudinal section. Such a star turret is fastened as part of a machine tool or a machining center via a base body ( 10 ), for example to a vertical slide of a machine tool stand. In the present example, the turret ( 40 ) of the star turret is mounted on the base body ( 10 ) so that it can be pivoted through 360 °. The swivel axis ( 11 ) includes a 45 ° angle with the vertical.

The turret ( 40 ) comprises six adapter recesses ( 46 ) for tool holding spindles ( 50 ) which are arranged with the same pitch on the outer contour inclined to the pivot axis. The center lines of the tool holding spindles ( 50 ) intersect in the center of the star turret. The center lines of two opposing tool holder spindles ( 50 ) enclose a 90 ° angle.

The turret ( 40 ) lies on a flat, circular base surface ( 13 ) of the base body ( 10 ). The base surface ( 13 ) is an inclined plane, the central surface normal of which forms the pivot axis ( 11 ). In the edge region of the base surface ( 13 ) an outer centering ring ( 17 ) and a Ringzy cylinder ( 18 ) is attached one above the other. Both parts ( 17 , 18 ) grip an annular piston ( 19 ) from the outside. The outer centering ring ( 17 ) and the ring piston ( 19 ) each have a mutually facing, complementary face gear. In the direction of the pivot axis ( 11 ) see ge between the face teeth of the annular piston ( 19 ) and the base surface ( 13 ) an inner centering ring ( 42 ) is arranged. The latter is screwed directly to the spindle carrier ( 41 ) of the turret head ( 40 ). The inner centering ring ( 42 ) and the annular piston ( 19 ) also have mutually facing, complementary face gear.

The main body ( 10 ) carrying the turret ( 40 ) has three tasks, among others. First, the star turret is flanged onto the machine tool. For this purpose, it has a rear flange surface ( 12 ). Second, the base body ( 10 ) supports and guides the swiveling turret ( 40 ). Third, it contains or carries all assemblies or components that are necessary for coupling and driving the tool holding spindles ( 50 ) and pivoting the turret ( 40 ).

The turret ( 40 ) sits on the base surface ( 13 ) in the operating state. The ring piston ( 19 ) is pressed hydraulically against the outer ( 17 ) and inner centering ring ( 42 ). The face gears interlock and fix the turret head ( 40 ) axially and radially with respect to the base body ( 10 ). The face gears form a lock.

If the turret ( 40 ) is pivoted relative to the base body ( 10 ), the hydraulic oil in the ring cylinder ( 18 ) is relieved in terms of unlocking, and the ring piston ( 19 ) is also relieved of several - not shown - arranged in a circle and to the pivot axis ( 11 ) parallel hydraulic pistons pushed back. The hydraulic pistons are located in the base body ( 10 ) and in the outer centering ring ( 17 ).

In addition, the base body ( 10 ) in the center of the Basisflä surface ( 13 ) has a pivot bearing journal ( 20 ), the center line of which is the pivot axis ( 11 ). On the pivot bearing pin ( 20 ) a stub shaft ( 21 ) is attached, which carries a by means of a mut ter ( 23 ) set angular contact ball bearing ( 22 ). The angular contact ball bearing ( 22 ) limits, inter alia, the lifting of the turret head ( 40 ) from the base surface ( 13 ).

To pivot the turret ( 40 ), finely filtered gas, for example air, is injected between and between the base surface ( 13 ) and the outer centering ring ( 17 ) during and / or after unlocking. The gas flows from bores ( 14 ) which open into the base surface ( 13 ). Due to the inflowing gas, the turret ( 40 ), held by the angular contact ball bearing ( 22 ), lifts from the base surface ( 13 ) by a few μm. The gas also causes a cleaning of the bed joint between the base surface ( 13 ) and the outer centering ring ( 17 ). It displaces during the change in position of the turret ( 40 ) hydraulic oil and / or bearing oil which may have penetrated into the bearing joint, so that after the positioning of the turret ( 40 ) rests on an almost oil-free base surface ( 13 ). This significantly increases the repeatability when positioning. Furthermore, the resistance to friction in the bearing joint is reduced by the gas lift, which among other things accelerates the pivoting movement or the positioning process.

The drive gear for the swivel positioning is mainly in the base body ( 10 ). For this purpose, a hollow shaft pinion ( 30 ), mounted from the flange surface ( 12 ), sits in the base body ( 10 ). The hollow shaft pinion ( 30 ) is an externally toothed hollow shaft with a left-hand end face toothing ( 33 ). Two roller bearings ( 31 ) and ( 32 ) are located on either side of the external toothing. The outer rolling bearing ( 32 ) is mounted in the left-hand flange end of a cylinder sleeve ( 27 ), which in turn is centered in a base cover ( 26 ).

The hollow shaft pinion ( 30 ) meshes with a drive wheel ( 36 ) egg ner to the hollow shaft pinion ( 30 ) parallel auxiliary shaft ( 35 ). The latter is mounted in the base body ( 10 ) via three roller bearings. The secondary shaft end located away from the drive wheel ( 36 ) forms the driven wheel ( 37 ). The driven wheel ( 37 ), which is provided, for example, with a gear-flank involute toothing, meshes with a crown wheel ( 39 ) arranged on the spindle carrier ( 41 ). The crown gear center line corresponds to the swivel axis ( 11 ). The drive gear for swivel positioning has a total gear ratio of 6/1, ie six hollow shaft pinion rotations correspond to one crown wheel rotation.

A turret spindle ( 60 ) leads coaxially through the hollow shaft pinion ( 30 ). The revolver spindle ( 60 ), which is axially displaceable for switching purposes, has a central longitudinal bore ( 61 ) for guiding the coolant. With regard to its outer contour, it has four levels here, with each level having a separate functional area. The first functional area concerns the right spindle end. There the turret del ( 60 ) has a polygonal profile section ( 62 ) with which it sits in a drive adapter ( 73 ) with a complementary inner profile and can be moved longitudinally. The drive adapter ( 73 ) is flanged to the shaft of a drive motor, not shown. A stepped bore ( 63 ) is machined into the spindle end, which receives a cylindrical hydraulic adapter ( 74 ) via a thread. The free end of the hydraulic adapter ( 74 ) ends in the hollow shaft of the drive motor, not shown.

The next area of the turret spindle ( 60 ) is used for spin mounting in a hollow sliding piston ( 70 ). In the sliding piston ( 70 ), the turret spindle ( 60 ) is supported in an O arrangement by two roller bearings ( 71 ). The Verschiebekol ben ( 70 ) itself sits in the cylinder sleeve ( 27 ) which rigidly connects the base body ( 10 ) with the housing, not shown, of the drive motor. In the cylinder sleeve ( 27 ) are the channels ( 28 ) and ( 29 ). If the channel ( 28 ) is acted upon by hydraulic pressure, the sliding piston ( 70 ) moves together with the turret spindle ( 60 ) to the right, while it moves to the left when the channel ( 29 ) is loaded.

The third turret spindle area - seen from the right - is the section that crosses the hollow shaft pinion ( 30 ) and the basic body ( 10 ) in the area of the pivot bearing journal ( 20 ) without radial guidance. The left turret spindle area connects to it. This is offset against the third area with a six-way grooved shoulder ( 64 ). The grooves worked into the shaft shoulder ( 64 ) have a contour that corresponds to the contour of the end face toothing ( 33 ) of the hollow shaft pinion ( 30 ). By pulling back the turret spindle ( 60 ), the studs of the shaft shoulder ( 64 ) engage in the gaps in the end face toothing ( 33 ), so that the turret spindle ( 60 ) is coupled in a rotationally rigid manner to the hollow shaft pinion ( 30 ).

In the left end of the turret spindle ( 60 ), a multi-stage recess ( 65 ) is incorporated, which is used, inter alia, to accommodate a hydraulic coupling ( 75 ) and a toothed or spline toothing ( 66 ), cf. Fig. 3. If the turret spindle ( 60 ) is in its working position, that is to say shifted to the left, a coaxially arranged planar spindle ( 90 ) protrudes with its complementarily toothed right end into the toothed shaft toothing ( 66 ). The hydraulic coupling ( 75 ) connects the longitudinal bore ( 61 ) of the turret spindle ( 60 ) with a longitudinal bore ( 91 ) of the facing spindle ( 90 ). Lubricants or coolants reach the various lubrication points or the working tool cutting edge via the hydraulic coupling.

The facing device ( 80 ) sits like the normal, shown in Fig. 1 tool holder spindle ( 50 ) in Spindelträ ger ( 41 ), see. Fig. 2. in an adapter recess ( 46 ). It is arranged in the spindle carrier ( 41 ) via a two-part housing ( 81 , 82 ). The facing device ( 80 ) comprises an at the free end of the rotating facing spindle ( 90 ) arranged facing head ( 100 ) in which a transverse to the axis of rotation motor-driven tool slide ( 101 ) is mounted. A tool carrier ( 102 ) with an exchangeable tool insert ( 103 ) is mounted on the tool slide ( 101 ).

The facing spindle ( 90 ) is mounted in the housing ( 81 , 82 ), for example, via two angular contact ball bearings ( 92 , 93 ) positioned in pairs in an O arrangement. The preloads of both pairs of bearings can be adjusted using shaft nuts. The housing ( 81 , 82 ) is closed with a main cover ( 83 ) opposite the left end of the facing spindle ( 90 ).

In the area between the two bearing arrangements ( 92 , 93 ) around the facing spindle ( 90 ) is an approximately tubular formed screw wheel ( 110 , 111 ). The screw wheel ( 110 , 111 ) has in its left part ( 110 ) an external thread ( 112 ) via which it is mounted in a support flange ( 116 ) of a ring gear ( 115 ). The support flange ( 116 ) is positioned in the housing ( 81 , 82 ) via two roller bearings ( 118 ) in a floating arrangement. Its the screw wheel ( 110 , 111 ) facing bore ( 117 ) carries an internal thread, which is screwed onto the external thread ( 112 ) of the screw wheel ( 110 , 111 ).

The screw wheel ( 110 , 111 ) has a longitudinal groove ( 113 ) in the outer contour of the right part ( 111 ), into which a guide pin ( 94 ), which is fastened in the housing part ( 81 ), projects. The latter prevents the screw wheel ( 110 , 111 ) from rotating relative to the housing ( 81 , 82 ). In the interior of the right part ( 111 ), two thrust bearings ( 119 ) are arranged on both sides of a sliding flange ( 96 ). Via the axial bearing ( 119 ) the sliding movement of the screw wheel ( 110 , 111 ) is transferred to the rotating sliding flange ( 96 ). The sliding flange ( 96 ) sits on a sliding shaft ( 95 ) mounted in the facing spindle ( 90 ) in a longitudinal bore ( 98 ). It consists of a tubular section from which two arms protrude. These arms protrude through the longitudinal slots ( 99 ) incorporated in the facing spindle ( 90 ) into the area of the axial bearings ( 119 ). The arms are supported on both sides by spacers on the thrust bearings ( 119 ). The sliding flange ( 96 ) is clamped on the sliding shaft ( 95 ) by means of two setscrews which are arranged in the arms and lie opposite one another.

The sliding shaft ( 95 ), which rotates because of the bearing of the arms of the sliding flange ( 96 ) on the longitudinal slots ( 99 ) with the facing spindle ( 90 ), protrudes into the facing head ( 100 ), where there the longitudinal displacement movement in a transverse movement of the tool slide ( 101 ) to implement. The necessary gearbox is not shown.

The outer contour has an inclined surface ( 114 ) between the areas ( 110 ) and ( 111 ) of the screw wheel. On this button ( 114 ) comes a reference pin ( 88 ) when the screw wheel ( 110 , 111 ) assumes its left end position. The reference pin ( 88 ) actuates, for example, an electrical switch, not shown.

The ring gear ( 115 ) meshes with a drive shaft ( 120 ) which is designed as a pinion shaft. The drive shaft ( 120 ), whose axis of rotation in the exemplary embodiment is oriented transversely to the axis of rotation of the facing spindle ( 90 ), is seated via two angular contact ball bearings ( 121 ) aligned in an O arrangement in a tubular housing extension ( 84 ). From the housing extension ( 84 ) protrudes through a cover ( 85 ), the drive shaft ( 120 ) with a driving unit ( 123 ). The Mitnahmein unit ( 123 ) includes an Oldham coupling ( 124 ). This transverse, self-centering coupling ( 124 ) ends in a driving element ( 125 ) into which a groove with oblique flanks is incorporated.

On the cover ( 85 ), which is beveled towards the center of the star revolver, a flat leaf spring ( 86 ) is fastened in the rest position. The leaf spring ( 86 ) has a bore through which the drive shaft ( 120 ) projects. A lug ( 87 ) - as part of the leaf spring - projects into the bore of the Blattfe, which engages in a transverse groove at the lower edge of the Oldham coupling ( 124 ). The drive shaft ( 120 ) is secured against rotation when the leaf spring ( 86 ) is not loaded.

Referring to FIG. 2, the drive shaft (120) is in the extension of an example of a drive unit (130, 140) are arranged. The drive unit ( 130 , 140 ) is e.g. B. stored in the fixed center of the star turret. For this purpose, the stub axle ( 24 ) in comparison to the stub axle ( 21 ) from FIG. 1 extends out. On the stub axle ( 24 ) a cantilever arm is attached, which consists of a mounting plate ( 133 ) and an Winkeladap ter ( 134 ).

The drive unit ( 130 , 140 ) is seated on the stationary mounting plate ( 133 ), cf. also Fig. 4. The latter comprises a servo drive ( 130 ) and a lifting unit ( 140 ). For this purpose, a carrier housing ( 135 ) is screwed onto the mounting plate ( 133 ). The inner wall of the carrier housing ( 135 ) forms, together with a sealing flange ( 141 ) projecting into the carrier housing ( 135 ), a pneumatic cylinder in which an annular piston ( 142 ) can be moved. The ring piston ( 142 ) can be extended by introducing compressed air into a pressure chamber ( 143 ). When extending, several coil springs ( 144 ) arranged in the ring piston ( 142 ) - serving the return stroke - are tensioned.

An engagement shaft ( 151 ) is rotatably mounted within the annular piston ( 142 ). The engagement shaft ( 151 ) has at its upper end a spline toothing ( 153 ) via which it sits in a torsionally rigid two-part and longitudinally movable tooth coupling ( 154 ). The upper part of the tooth coupling ( 154 ) is clamped by means of an annular clamping element ( 155 ) on the output shaft ( 131 ) of the servo drive ( 130 ). The servo drive ( 130 ) is screwed directly to the carrier housing ( 135 ).

The engaging shaft ( 151 ) has at its lower end a driver lobe ( 156 ), which it couples into the driver element ( 125 ) when it extends, cf. Fig. 3. When driving the drive shaft ( 120 ), the engagement shaft ( 151 ) is supported by an axial bearing ( 152 ) on the annular piston ( 142 ).

An unlocking pin ( 145 ) is fastened in the annular piston ( 142 ) to the left of the engagement shaft ( 151 ). The latter has the task, on the one hand, to secure the annular piston ( 142 ) relative to the carrier housing ( 135 ) against rotation. To do this, it moves in the mounting plate ( 133 ) in a groove or bore. On the other hand, it extends together with the annular piston ( 142 ) and presses the leaf spring ( 86 ) against the cover ( 85 ) until the nose ( 87 ) releases the groove at the lower edge of the Oldham coupling ( 124 ).

To disengage the gas from the pressure chamber ( 143 ), for example, is released into the environment. The coil springs ( 144 ) move the ring piston ( 142 ) back upwards in the exemplary embodiment. The spring-mechanical return stroke is braked by an elastic damper ring ( 146 ).

If the tool slide ( 101 ) of the facing device ( 80 ) move, the pressure chamber ( 143 ) is supplied with compressed air. The ring piston ( 142 ) extends, shifts the engagement shaft ( 151 ) and couples the drive tab ( 156 ) without play into the drive element ( 125 ). The leaf spring ( 86 ) unlocks the drive shaft ( 120 ) via the Oldham coupling ( 124 ). The servo drive ( 130 ) sets the drive shaft ( 120 ) in rotary motion. The latter drives the support flange ( 116 ) via the bevel gear ( 115 ). The rotating support flange ( 116 ) screws the screw wheel ( 110 , 111 ) to the right, for example, whereby it also pulls the sliding shaft ( 95 ) over the sliding flange ( 96 ) to the right. The sliding shaft ( 95 ) is mechanically connected to the tool slide ( 101 ) via a gear train.

Of course, the tool slide can also be used with a manually operated feed gear or via a pneumati or hydraulic drive can be adjusted.  

Reference list

10th

Basic body

11

Swivel axis

12th

Flange surface, on the back

13

Base area

14

Holes

17th

External centering ring

18th

Ring cylinder

19th

Ring piston

20th

Pivot bearing journal

21

Stub axle

22

Angular contact ball bearings

23

mother

24th

Stub axle

26

Basic body cover

27

Cylinder sleeve, two parts

28

,

29

channels

30th

Hollow shaft pinion, gear wheel

31

,

32

Rolling bearings, inside, outside

33

Face gearing

35

Countershaft

36

drive wheel

37

Output gear

39

Crown gear

40

Turret

41

Spindle carrier

42

Inner centering ring

46

Adapter recesses

50

Tool holder spindle

60

Turret spindle

61

Longitudinal bore

62

Polygon section

63

Stepped bore

64

Wave shoulder

65

Recess

66

Spline teeth

70

Sliding piston

71

roller bearing

73

Drive adapter

74

Hydraulic adapter

75

hydraulic clutch

80

Facing device

81

,

82

casing

83

Main cover

84

Housing extension

85

cover

86

Leaf spring

87

nose

88

Reference pin

90

Facing lathe

91

Longitudinal bore

92

,

93

Angular contact ball bearings, roller bearings

94

Guide pin

95

Displacement shaft

96

Sliding flange

98

Longitudinal bore

99

Longitudinal slots

100

Facing head

101

Tool slide

102

Tool carrier

103

Tool insert

110

,

111

Helical gear; Part left; Part right

112

External thread

113

Longitudinal groove

114

button

115

Ring gear

116

Supporting flange

117

drilling

118

Angular contact ball bearings, roller bearings

119

Thrust bearing

120

drive shaft

121

Angular contact ball bearings, roller bearings

123

Transport unit

124

Oldham clutch, clutch

125

Driving element with groove

130

Drive unit, servo drive

131

Servo output shaft

133

Mounting plate, cantilever

134

Angle adapter, cantilever

135

Carrier housing

140

Lifting unit, feed unit, third-party drive

141

Sealing flange

142

Ring piston

143

Pressure chamber

144

Coil springs

145

Unlock pin

146

Damper ring

151

Engagement shaft

152

Thrust bearing

153

Spline teeth

154

Tooth coupling

155

Ring clamping element, speed sleeve

156

Driving rags

Claims (7)

1. Tool star turret, with a turret head pivotably arranged on a base body about a stationary stub axis with at least two adapter recesses for tool holders, the tool holder spindles of which can be coupled to an axially displaceable turret spindle, characterized in that

• - That in at least one adapter recess ( 46 ) a plan rotating device ( 80 ) is arranged with a tool slide ( 101 ) movable transversely to its axis of rotation, the housing ( 81 , 82 ) of which is fixed in a rotationally rigid manner on the turret head ( 40 ) and from the housing ( 81 , 82 ) a drive shaft ( 120 ) protrudes,
• - That the drive shaft ( 120 ) is part of a tool slide feed gear ( 110-119 ) which adjusts the tool slide ( 101 ) of the facing device ( 80 ) after coupling a drive unit ( 130 ) and
• - That the drive shaft ( 120 ) crosses or intersects the axis of rotation of the turret spindle ( 60 ).

2. Tool star turret according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive shaft ( 120 ) carries at its free end a driving unit ( 123 ) with a driving element ( 125 ). 3. Tool star turret according to claim 2, characterized in that a transversely movable coupling ( 124 ) is arranged in the driving unit ( 123 ) before the driving element ( 125 ). 4. Tool star turret according to claim 1 axis (21) with a pivot, which is realized by means of the basic body (10) fixed ge superimposed stub axle (24), characterized in that the protruding out of the turret (40), stub axle (24) a cantilever arm ( 133 , 134 ) carries a drive unit ( 130 , 140 ) for the adjustment drive ( 110 , 115 , 120 ). 5. Tool turret according to claim 4, characterized in that the drive unit ( 130 , 140 ) is arranged coaxially to the drive shaft ( 120 ) and from a by means of an external drive ( 140 ) longitudinally displaceable servo drive ( 130 ) be. 6. Tool star turret according to claim 5, characterized in that the external drive ( 140 ) is a pneumatic feed unit before. 7. Tool turret according to claim 1, characterized in that the adjusting drive ( 110 , 115 , 120 ) comprises at least one bevel gear ( 115 , 120 ) and a downstream helical gear ( 110 , 115 ), the screw wheel ( 110 ) on a shift shaft ( 95 ) of the tool slide ( 101 ) acts.