JPS591558B2 - Turret feed mechanism of NC automatic lathe - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a turret feed mechanism for a main-spindle moving numerical control (hereinafter referred to as NC) automatic lathe.

In general, a movable spindle type automatic lathe has cutters mounted radially around the main spindle, which are controlled by a cam fixed to the camshaft (one corresponding to each cutter), and when the camshaft rotates once, the product is manufactured. One piece is now being manufactured.

Therefore, when manufacturing different products, it becomes necessary to replace all the cam sets, which involves changing the cam design and manufacturing the cams, which is quite difficult. It takes a lot of time to replace them, which is extremely inconvenient in high-mix, low-volume production.

In order to solve this problem, we thought of using a master cam with an Archimedean curve profile, controlling the tool post while rotating the cam shaft forward and backward using an NC device, and machining various workpieces without changing the cam. However, this method has extremely poor processing efficiency.

In other words, there are structural constraints on the tool selection mechanism and constraints on the NC device that the commanded coordinate values of the NC device must always be at the same coordinate value for every tool (regardless of whether the tool force is selected or not). Therefore, a system is adopted in which only one tool is used within the same block of a Canadian program so that each tool is controlled by one control system.

Therefore, if you want to perform machining with another tool after machining with one tool, first return the tool that has completed machining to the reference position, and then cancel the selection method for this tool before selecting the necessary tool. Since the procedure for machining again is required, the NC programming becomes complicated and the machining time becomes longer.

Still, moving-spindle type automatic lathes usually process the material while supporting it with a guide bushing, and the function and accuracy of the guide bushing that holds the material is extremely important for moving-spindle type automatic lathes.

When finishing a workpiece with high precision, it is often the case that one tool performs rough machining and another tool performs finishing machining. , the gap between the guide bush and the guide bush becomes large and the guide bush cannot support it, making it impossible for the guide bush to perform its function.

High-precision finishing cannot be expected in such conditions.

In order to prevent this, machining is sometimes performed in only one step, but this has the disadvantage that the tool cutting edge wears quickly, resulting in changes in machining dimensions and deterioration of the finished surface.

The present invention was conceived in view of the above points, and each feed lever provided to control a plurality of tool slides to which bits are attached is coupled to a drive mechanism via a coupling means, and the coupling means The present invention is characterized in that the drive mechanism and the feed lever can be connected or released at any position, so that tool selection and tool selection can be freely and quickly performed at any position.

The present invention will be described below based on embodiments shown in the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a front view showing a tool rest of an NC automatic lathe according to the present invention, in which a tool frame 101 is mounted on a bed 100.

A guide bush 50 is attached to the center of the tool frame 101 and holds the material W chucked on the main shaft 51.

A locking lever (swinging tool post) 1 is attached to the lower part of the tool frame 101 so as to be able to swing around a locking lever shaft 35. 2 A turret 3 is attached.

The locking lever 1 is provided with pins 36 and 37 on the left and right sides, which are pushed up by plungers 38 and 42 to maintain the balance of the locking lever 1.

In the figure, the plunger 38 on the left side is shown in cross section, but the structure of the plunger on the right side is also similar.

A spring tube 39 is provided on the bed 100, and the plunger 3 is installed here.
Built-in spring 40 and plunger 3 with spring 400 elasticity.
8 is pressed and pushes up the pin 36.

41 is a lid supporting one end of the spring 40.

4 is a feed lever lever for controlling the turret 2, and a roller 401 provided at one end of the feed lever 4 is fixed to a locking lever with a shading tip 36.

5 is a feed lever for controlling the turret 3, and like the feed lever 4, a roller 501 provided at one end is engaged with a pin 37 provided on the locking lever 1.

6.7.8 are respectively flat 3, J16.4, Ya5 turret and flat 1
, A2 tool rests 2 and 3 are attached to the tool frame, and these tool rests are installed radially with respect to the workpiece W as shown in the figure.

9 and 33 are the feed levers that control the cutter 6, and 10 is the feed lever that controls the blade 6.
The feed lever that controls the tool rest 7, 11 is the feed lever that controls the tool rest 7.
This is the feed lever that controls the

12.13, 14, 15, and 16 are connecting means for connecting or disconnecting the feed lever with the drive mechanism to be described later. , 3, boiled 4, A5 tool rest 2, 3, 6,
Compatible with 7.8.

The connecting means 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 all have the same configuration, and the connecting means 12, 14, 15 is the first
Attached to the feed slide 17, the coupling means 13.16
is attached to the second feed slide 18.

Reference numeral 19 denotes a feed slide base, which is integrally attached to the upper part of the tool frame 2, on which the first feed slide 17 and second feed slide 18 are slidably mounted. A servo motor 21 is arranged at the end and fixed to the tool frame 101.

20 is a feed screw constituted by a ball screw, which is bearing on the feed slide base 19, and has one end connected to a coupling 40.
It is connected to the output shaft of the servo motor 21 via the servo motor 21 and is rotationally driven.

The feed screw 20 is provided with two threaded portions 201 and 202, which are configured to have opposite threads, and the female threaded nut 17L of the first feed slide 17 and the female threaded nut 181 of the second feed slide 18 are screwed into each threaded portion. When the feed screw 20 is rotationally driven by the servo motor 21, the first feed slide 17 and the second feed slide 18 move in opposite directions.

A1, j16.2 The tool rests 2, 3 are controlled by the feed levers 4, 5 as described above, but apart from this, there are also a depth of cut adjustment means 22.24 and a blade edge position adjustment means 23. which can be manually performed. It has 25.

Also, the cutting depth adjustment means 26°29.32 which can be manually adjusted in the same way for A3, A4, Ya5 tool rests 6, 7.8.
, a cutting edge position adjusting means 27, 30.33, and an adjusting means 28.31.34 capable of finely moving the cutting edge parallel to the main axis.

Since the A1 tool rest 2 and the A2 tool rest 3 have the same configuration, the A1 tool rest 2 will be described.

&11 The tool clamp 2 is attached to the tool 2 by the pin 206.
05 is rotatably attached, and the bite clamp 205
By screwing in the clamp screw 207 that is screwed into the clamp screw 207, one end of the clamp screw 207 and the cutting tool clamp 205 are set so as to press the cutting tool T1 against the turret 2.

The A1 tool rest 2 is attached to the tool holder 203 so as to be rotatable about a pin 204, and can be adjusted by the cutting edge position adjusting means 23 so that the cutting edge of the cutting tool T1 is directed toward the center of the material W.

That is, the spring 212 is inserted into the hole 210 drilled in the A1 tool rest 2.
The elasticity of the spring 212 acts on the tool holder 203 and the A1 tool rest 2 via the plunger 211,
A pin 213 attached to one end of the tool rest 2 is locked to an adjustment screw 214 screwed into the tool holder 203, thereby preventing rotation.

Therefore, by turning the adjustment screw 214 and adjusting the A1 tool rest 2, the pin 204. The position of the cutting edge is adjusted by rotating around the fulcrum.

The tool holder 203 is slidable on the locking lever 1, and the cutting tool T1 can be slightly moved toward the center of the material W by the cutting adjustment means 22.

In this case, loosen the clamp screw 215, tighten the clamp screw 216, and turn the knob 217.
The A1 tool rest 2 to which the cutting tool T1 is attached is moved by one scale □m along with the tool holder 203 by the microphone screw 218 integrated with the tool holder 203.

When the clamp screw 215 is tightened and the clamp screw 216 is loosened, the cutting tool T1 becomes 1 scale and feeds by □■i by a known differential method.

The A3 to A5 turrets also have the same configuration, and the A4 turret 7 will be described.

A4 tool rest 7 has tool holder 01 and tool slide 7
Tool post 7 to attach 04 and bite T4
Consists of 06.

The tool post 706 is integrally connected to the tool slide 704, and the cutting tool T4 is attached using a clamp screw 707 and a cutting tool clamp 708, similarly to the A1 tool rest 2.

The tool holder 01 is composed of a cylindrical portion 702 that fits into the tool frame 101 and a rising portion 703 having a sliding surface on which a tool slide 704 slides.

A hole 710 is bored in the cylindrical part 702, and a micro screw 708 is integrally attached thereto with a clamp screw 709, and the tool frame 1 into which the cylindrical part 702 is fitted is attached.
A ring 712 is fixed to the end face of 01, and a nut 714 is connected to the microscrew 708 via a thrust bearing 713.
are screwed together.

715 is a scale ring.

A square spring 711 built into the hole 710 is attached to the tool holder 70
'lThe spring force always acts on the tool frame 101 to push it to the left in FIG.
01, a ring 712 holds the support via a microscrew 708, a nut 714, and a thrust bearing 713.

Therefore, by rotating the nut 714, the tool holder 701 is finely adjusted in a direction parallel to the main axis.

A pin 719 is fixed to the rising portion 703.
is an adjustment screw 108 screwed into the tool frame 101.
and the plunger pin 107 pushed out by a spring 106 built into a hole 105 drilled in the tool frame 101, and the blade edge position adjusting means 3 is deflected from both sides.
0 is configured.

Now, by adjusting adjustment screw 108 pin 719
Since the tool holder 701 rotates around its cylindrical portion 702 via the tool holder 701, the position of the cutting edge of the cutting tool T4 can be finely adjusted to match the center of the material W.

A feed lever 10 is mounted on the upper surface 705 of the tool slide 704.
The microscrew 720 provided in the tool holder 701 is brought into contact with the microscrew 720, and the clockwise rotation of the feed lever 10 causes the tool slide 704 to slide into the holes 717, 717 of the rising portion 703 of the tool holder 701.
The cutting tool T4 processes the material W by compressing the springs 718, 718 built into the tool.

If the clamp screw 721 is loosened and the microscrew 720 is rotated by the knob 723, the tool slide 704 can be moved, so that the cutting edge of the cutting tool T4 can be finely adjusted in advance in the material radial direction.

Next, the connecting means 12.13, 14, 15.16 will be described.

The connecting means 12, 13, 14, 15.16 correspond to the feed levers 4, 5, 9, 10.11, respectively, and since they have the same structure as described above, only the connecting means 15 will be described.

The connecting means 15 includes a cylinder 151, a blanket 172,
It is composed of a connecting rod 154, and the cylinder 151 is connected to the mounting plate 1.
59 to the first feed slide 17, and a bracket 172 is fixed to the opposite side of the first feed slide 17.

A sleeve 155 is attached to the bracket 172 with a nut 156, and a connecting rod 154 is inserted into the sleeve 155.
is mounted on a bearing so that it can slide freely.

The connecting rod 154 has a flange 154a in the center and an engaging portion 158 with which the fork 153 engages.

Connection means other than connection means 15, for example connection means 14
As shown in FIG. 6, the flange 144a is provided at the center, but the engaging portion 148 with which the fork 143 engages is provided at the tip of the connecting rod 144.

Since the fork 153 is attached to a rod 152 actuated by the cylinder 151, the fork 153
is moved as shown by the arrow, and when moved to the left, connecting rod 15
4 also slides to the left, and the flange 154a and sleeve 155
The feed lever 10 is connected to the first feed slide 17 by sandwiching the pin 10a of the feed lever 10 between the end faces.

The connecting means 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 are constructed as described above, and these are connected to the connecting means 1 as shown in FIG.
2.14 to the first feed slide 17 via a bracket 173, the coupling means 15 to the first feed slide 17 via a bracket 172, and the coupling means 13.16 to the second feed slide 18 via a bracket 182. It is attached.

Similarly, the above-mentioned connecting means is an example of connecting the feed lever to one driving section, and other mechanisms may be used as long as the object of the present invention can be achieved.

Further, in the present invention, the feed slides 17, 18, the feed levers, and the connection means are arranged in relation to each other so that when the connection means 12 to 16 are operated, the plurality of tool slides all have the same coordinate value with respect to the center of the material. are doing.

Next, the operation of this invention will be described.

Although not shown, when the servo motor 21 is driven by a command from an NC device, the feed screw 20 is rotated.

As described above, the feed screw 20 has two threaded portions 201 with different twisting directions.

202 is threaded, and the threaded portion 201 moves the first feed slide 17, and the threaded portion 202 moves the second feed slide 18.
0 is rotated forward, the first feed slide 17 moves in the direction of arrow a, and the second feed slide 18 moves in the direction of arrow s on the slide base 19.

In FIG. 1, the connecting means 12.15 is in the selected state, so the movement of the first feed slide 17 in the direction of arrow a causes the feed lever 4 to move around the support shaft 62, and the feed lever 10 to move around the support shaft 62. Rotate clockwise around the center.

The rotation of the feed lever 4 is transmitted to the pin 36 via the roller 401, and the plunger 38 descends while compressing the spring 40, causing the locking lever 1 to rotate counterclockwise.
6.1 Process the material W using the tool post 2.

The feed lever moves 100 times and is transmitted to the tool slide 704 via the micro screw 720 and the spring 718°7
18 is pushed down while being compressed, and the cutting tool T4 processes the material W.

Furthermore, when the feed screw 20 is rotated in the opposite direction, the first feed slide 17 and the second feed slide 18 each move in the opposite direction,
The feed lever 4 rotates counterclockwise, and the pin 36 follows the roller 401 while the locking lever 1 rotates clockwise due to the elasticity of the spring 400.

Therefore, since the A1 tool rest 2 also rotates clockwise about the locking lever shaft 35, the amount of cut into the material W by the cutting tool T1 is reduced.

The feed lever 10 also rotates counterclockwise, the &4 tool rest 7 retreats upward by the elasticity of the springs 718, and the upper surface 705 of the tool slide 704 accurately follows the microscrew 720.

Similarly, when the first feed slide 17 and the second feed slide 18 move, the connecting means 13, 14, and 16 also move together, but the first feed slide 17 and the second feed slide 18 move to the maximum. Even if the feed levers 5 and 9 are
．． Each tool post controlled by 11 does not cut the material W.

In this way, the tool rest is controlled in the X-axis direction to make a cut into the material W, and the workpiece W is controlled in two axes directions by the headstock driving servo motor, although the material W is not shown. Machining of various shapes is performed by moving in the axial direction.

Next, a case will be described in which the A1 tool rest 2 and the Ni4 tool rest 7 are deselected and the Ya3 tool rest 6 and the Ya5 tool rest 8 are selected.

When machining with &1 turret 2 and A4 turret 7 is completed, press N.
The cylinder mechanism 12 of the coupling means 12.15 is activated by the C command.
1,151 is operated in reverse to move the forks 123,153.

As a result, the connecting rods 124, 154 move, and the feed lever 4.degree. 10 becomes free, and is no longer able to control the A1 tool rest 2 and A4 tool rest 7, and is released.

By this release, the rotating direction of the feed levers 4 and 10 is changed to 1.
Since the tool rests 2, 4 and 7 are in the retracting direction, the connecting means 12, 15 can be released at any position.

When selecting the A3 turret 6, &5 turret i, the cylinder mechanism 141,
161 to move the connecting rod 144° 164 in the axial direction by the forks 143, 163 to move the feed lever 9, 1.
a first feed slide 17 via the bins 9a, 11a of 1;
It is connected to the second feed slide 18 .

When connected, the feed levers 9 and 11 will rotate around the support shafts 63° and 65 until the connection is completed, but the direction of the rotational force is the direction that advances the A3 turret 6 and the A5 turret 8. It becomes.

As mentioned above, each turret is related to have the same coordinate values, so if you cancel A1 turret 2 and A4 turret 7, you can immediately select Ni 3 turret 6 and A5 turret 8. This eliminates the waste of first retracting to the reference position and then making a selection, as in the conventional case.

Although the present invention is constructed as described above, by utilizing the manual tool adjustment mechanisms 22 to 34 described above, simultaneous rough machining and finishing machining can be performed using separate cutting tools.

For example, if the tool T1 is used for finishing and the tool T4 is used for rough machining, the tool T4 and tool T1 should be set in different directions in the radial and axial directions of the material W so that the tool T1 immediately processes what is processed by the tool T4. and set it.

That is, after setting the cutting tool T1 according to the coordinate command values of the machine program (finished dimensions of the workpiece), loosen the clamp screw 721, rotate the knob 723, and set the cutting tool T4.
away from the center of the workpiece W, then rotate the nut 714 to move the tool holder 701 and tool T4 away from the center of the workpiece W.
1 Set it in the forward position (to the right in Figure 2).

In this state, if the tool post control mechanism is connected as described above by the connecting means 12.14 and the material W is machined by the NC command, rough machining will be performed first because the cutting tool T4 is in the lead, and at the same time, the cutting tool T1 will be used to process the material W. Finishing processing will be performed.

As a result, high-precision machining using two tools (rough machining and finishing machining), which was limited to very short workpieces with conventional moving headstock type NC automatic lathes, is now possible with the simultaneous machining method of long workpieces. It can be easily and efficiently carried out even in the case of objects.

However, when using tool T4, which has been manually adjusted in advance for rough machining, as described above, to be used alone for machining other parts, the tool can be compensated by the manually adjusted length using the tool compensation function of the NC device. good.

Further, by using a feed screw having two threaded portions with different twist directions, the following effects can be obtained.

[F] Two feed slides can be attached to the feed screw.

■ Two feed slides can be moved by the same amount at the same time with just one servo motor.

■Due to the structure of a movable spindle automatic lathe, at least two feed slides are required, but these two feed slides can be driven by a single feed screw.

(2) Furthermore, as described above, it is easy to specify the positional relationship between the feed slide, the feed lever, and the coupling means, and this makes it possible to make the coordinate values of all the turrets the same.

As described in detail above, this invention has a configuration in which all the turrets can be controlled to the same coordinate values by one feed screw, and each turret can be selected at any position by means of a connecting means corresponding to each turret. Since it can be canceled, it is easier to create NC programs than with conventional moving spindle type NC automatic lathes, and tool selection and tool selection can be freely and quickly performed at any position, improving machining efficiency. It's extremely good.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a partially sectional front view of the turret, Fig. 2 is a sectional view showing the Ya 4 turret 7, and Fig. 3 is a section taken along line III-I in Fig. 1.
II sectional view, FIG. 4 is a view of the turret seen from the back, FIG. 5 is a view showing the relationship between the connecting means 15 and the feed lever 10, and FIG.
The figure shows the relationship between the connecting means 14 and the feed lever 9.
The figure is a cross-sectional view of the Ni 2 turret 3. In the figure, 100 is a bed, 101 is a tool frame,
1 is the locking lever, 2, 3.6, 7°8 is &1~A
5 turret, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11 are feed levers, 12
, 13, 14, 15, and 16 are connecting means, 17 is a first feed slide, 18 is a second feed slide, 19 is a feed slide base, 20 is a feed screw, and 21 is a servo motor.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In an automatic spindle moving type lathe having a plurality of tool slides arranged radially with respect to the material on the tool frame and moving toward the center of the material, one servo motor fixed to the tool L/-m, It is rotationally driven by a servo motor, and the twist direction is opposite but the lead is the same.
a feed screw having threaded portions at locations; two feed slides that are screwed into the respective threaded portions and move simultaneously and by the same amount in opposite directions with respect to the tool frame by rotation of the feed screw; The same number of feed levers are rotatably provided and have the same lever ratio and correspond to each sole slide, and the feed levers are provided on the feed slide and each of the feed levers is connected or disconnected from the feed slide at an arbitrary position. A turret feed mechanism for an NC automatic lathe, which includes the same number of connecting means.