JPS59150253A - Apparatus for storing and utilizing solar heat - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make it possible to perform stable utilization of heat at a high temperature level in a solar heat storing apparatus, by using one of two hydrogen storing containers having independent heat exchangers for long-period heat storage and using the other for short-period heat storage. CONSTITUTION:The heat medium, which is heated by a solar heat collector 11, is circulated through a transporting pipe 12 by a pump 18. A heat medium in a transporting pipe 15 is heated in a heat exchanger 14, and the heated heat medium is circulated through the transporting pipe 15 by a pump 20. The excessive heat yields hydrogen gas in a heat storing device 1, and the gas reaches a hydrogen storing container 3 through an opening and closing valve 5. When the hydrogen in the hydrogen storing container 3 is saturated, the opening and closing valve 5 is closed and an opening and closing valve 4 is opened. Then hydrogen is stored in a hydrogen storing container 2 for long-period heat storing. Since the two hydrogen storing containers are selectively used as required at the time heat radiation, fluctuation in the amount of the thermal load can be quickly processed.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a solar heat storage and utilization device. Specifically, a heat storage container filled with a metal hydride as a heat storage material and equipped with a heat exchanger is connected to two hydrogen storage containers each filled with a metal hydride as a hydrogen storage material and equipped with a heat exchanger. The present invention relates to a heat storage system configured to be connected by a hydrogen transport pipe via a hydrogen transport pipe, and a solar heat storage and utilization device in which a heat exchanger of each container in the heat storage system is connected to a solar heat collection and utilization system.

In recent years, due to the tight energy supply, development of new energy sources to replace fossil fuels has been actively conducted. Among these, solar thermal energy is clean and inexhaustible, so it has been used in various ways. The disadvantage of utilizing solar heat is its dilution and discontinuity, but with regard to dilution, highly efficient collectors are being actively developed. Discontinuities require heat storage, but water is currently the only material used for this purpose, and is not suitable for long-term heat storage.

Regarding the above problem, the inventors of the present invention have already used metal hydride, which is a chemical heat storage phase, as a heat storage material, and connected a heat storage system consisting of one heat storage container and one hydrogen storage container to a solar heat collection system. proposed a solar heating and cooling heat storage device (Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 82887/1987). This device uses a chemical reaction between metal and hydrogen as a heat storage system, making it possible to store heat for a long period of time. However, it cannot be said that the heat storage is necessarily sufficient for short-term fluctuations in the amount of heat collected or fluctuations in the amount of heat load.

Also, the supply of heat medium to load heat requiring high temperature levels is not stable enough, which necessitates the use of auxiliary heat sources.

This invention relates to an improvement of the above-mentioned solar heating and cooling heat storage device, which is designed to increase the dependence on solar heat and enable stable use of heat at a high temperature level.

Thus, the present invention has a heat storage container filled with a metal hydride as a heat storage material and equipped with a heat exchanger, and a heat exchanger filled with a metal hydride as a hydrogen storage material and equipped with a cooling water injection pipe and a discharge pipe. A heat storage system comprising two hydrogen storage containers, each of which is connected to each of the two hydrogen storage containers by a hydrogen transport pipe with an on/off valve; and a solar heat collector, heat exchanger, heat load, and solar heat collector. A heat medium circulation pipe connecting the heat collector and the heat exchanger, a heat medium circulation pipe passing the heat exchanger, the heat load, and the heat exchanger of the heat storage container, and a solar heat collector and the two hydrogen storage containers, respectively. The present invention provides a solar heat storage and utilization device configured with a solar heat collection system consisting of a heat medium circulation pipe connected in parallel with a heat exchanger.

The device of this invention is equipped with two hydrogen storage containers with independent heat exchangers, one for long-term heat storage (hydrogen storage container for long-term heat storage) and the other for short-term heat storage or heat pump storage. (hydrogen storage container for short-term heat storage). Therefore, long-term heat storage means long-term heat storage that spans seasons such as spring to summer and autumn to winter. The heat storage during the CIS period is from noon to 2 to 8.
Heat storage means storage of heat for about a day, and heat pump-like use is related to short-term heat storage and means the function of raising the temperature level of the regenerated heat when using these heats to the operating temperature level.

Therefore, in the heat storage system in the device of this invention, hydrogen storage and release for long-term heat storage are performed by storing and releasing hydrogen into a hydrogen storage container for long-term heat storage, and hydrogen is stored and released for short-term heat storage or heat utilization. The storage and release of hydrogen to increase the temperature level during regeneration is accomplished by storing and releasing hydrogen into short-term thermal storage hydrogen storage vessels.

Next, the solar heat storage utilization device of the present invention will be explained using FIG. 1. The device of this invention is broadly classified into a heat storage system and a solar heat collection utilization system.

Regarding the heat storage system, a heat storage container (1) filled with a metal hydride MIEf (Ml: metal or alloy, H: hydrogen), such as CaNi5H4, which has a large hydrogenation reaction heat, is used.
Hydrogen storage container for long-term heat storage filled with metal hydrides M, 1H, M2R (M, , M3 are metals or alloys, ■ is hydrogen), which have relatively low heat of hydrogenation reaction and have excellent hydrogen storage capacity, such as IIaNi5H6, etc. (2) and short-term heat storage hydrogen storage container (3), each hydrogen storage container (2), (3)
The basic configuration includes hydrogen transport pipes (6) and (7) that connect the heat storage container (1) and the heat storage container (1) via on-off valves (4) and (5), respectively. The heat storage container (1) and each hydrogen storage container (2), (3) are provided with heat exchangers (8), (9), respectively.
A frame is connected to the container, allowing circulation of a heating medium or cooling water to exchange heat with the metal hydride in each container, and connected to a solar heat collection system.

Here, the metal hydride M- filled in the hydrogen storage container for long-term heat storage (2) and the metal hydrides M and H filled in the hydrogen storage container for short-term heat storage (3) may be the same.

There is no particular limitation on the form of the heat storage container and each hydrogen storage container. For example, the patent application filed by the inventors of this invention in 1983-145
Using the sleeve type heat pipe disclosed in No. 602,
The central hollow part may be filled with a metal hydride, or a pressure-resistant container may be simply filled with a metal hydride.

The solar heat collection and utilization system uses a circulating heat medium transport pipe surface that transports the heat energy collected by the solar heat collector (11) using a heat medium, α3, and a circulating heat transfer pipe that transfers the collected heat to the heat load zero or heat storage system. It basically consists of a heat exchanger and a heat load to be applied to the heat medium in the medium transport pipe (a).

In addition, heat loads include those for cooling (absorption refrigerators, etc.), heating, and hot water supply. Furthermore, the above-mentioned transport pipe mackerel, 03+
109 and the cooling water system transport pipe α, a pump ~Q1J for transporting the heat medium or cooling water is installed,
Also, three-way pulp for setting the route of heat medium, etc.■～■
is installed. Water is usually used as a heat medium, but if the heat load is at a high temperature, silicone oil,
Polyethylene glycol etc. are used. Although there are no particular restrictions on the solar collector, it is desirable to use a high-performance collector, such as a vacuum glass tube collector, a collector combined with a Fresnel lens, and the like.

The operation of this device will be described below.

(&)　If the amount of heat collection remains even after operating the heat load.

The above situation is a situation that usually occurs during the mid-season of sound or autumn. The heat medium heated by the solar heat collector Q◇ is circulated through the heat medium transport pipe 0 by the pump aa, and is heated by exchanging heat in the heat exchanger α→ to heat the heat medium in the heat medium transport pipe αθ. The heat medium is transferred to the pump through the transport pipe (toward).
cycle. At this time, the three-way pulp■ is the heat load Q→
The heat load system is activated by setting the heat load system to take a path through which the metal hydride MIEl is transferred through the heat exchanger (8) to the metal hydride MIEl in the heat storage container (1) to decompose it; Open the on-off valve (5) to generate the hydrogen gas (on-off valve (4) is closed) and store the hydrogen storage container (3) for short-term heat storage.
It is absorbed by the metal or alloy M inside. When the hydrogen storage in the hydrogen storage container (3) reaches saturation, close the on-off valve (5) and open (4) to release hydrogen into the metal or alloy M2 in the hydrogen storage container (2) for long-term heat storage. absorb gas. When introducing hydrogen gas into the hydrogen meter storage containers (2) and (3), connect the cooling water transport pipe (") to the heat exchanger (9) and 06.
Cooling water is circulated by pump 1 through η to suppress heat generation accompanying hydrogen absorption and to smoothly perform hydrogen absorption.

(b) When there is a temporary shortage of heat due to fluctuations in the amount of heat collected or heat load, or when the temperature level required for the operation of the heat load cannot be obtained.

When the amount of heat collected or the amount of heat load changes due to changes in day and night or the weather, there will be a temporary shortage of heat. In such a case, operate the system in the following manner.

First, the heat medium heated at the collector α° C. is pumped and sent to the heat exchanger α→ through the transport pipe a2, where it exchanges heat and heats the heat medium in the heat medium transport pipe 09.

In addition, a part of the heating medium heated by collector α→ is pumped (
I! The three-way pulp ■, (
By setting 5), the hydrogen is circulated to the heat exchanger OO of the short-term heat storage hydrogen storage container (3). Hydrogen gas is generated from the metal hydride M3H in the hydrogen storage container (3) by this heat medium, and the on-off valve (5) is opened and the hydrogen gas is passed through the hydrogen transport pipe (7).
Hydrogen gas is introduced into the heat storage container (1) and reacts with the metal or alloy Ml in the heat storage container (1) to generate heat, and this heat is used to transport the heat medium through the heat exchanger (8) to the heat medium transport pipe 09. The heat medium inside is heated, and the heat load αQ is operated by this heat medium.

In the above method, the temperature level of the heat medium that operates the heat load DI is increased due to the reaction heat generated in the heat storage container (1) due to hydrogen transfer from the hydrogen storage container (3) to the heat storage container (1). This allows it to function like a V-topomb. Therefore, it can be used in the same process as described above even if there is no shortage of heat collection, but the temperature level is insufficient to operate the heat load.

(C) When the amount of heat collected is insufficient to operate the heat load.

This is a situation that occurs during winter or summer when the conventional war load is heavy. The heat medium heated by the solar heat collector α9 is circulated by a pump through the transport pipe @ to the heat exchanger Q4, and heat is transferred to the heat medium of the heat medium transport pipe α9. In addition, a part of the heat medium is transferred from the collector αη to the three-way pulp via the transport pipe αj by the pump 191, and then is passed through the heat exchanger (9) of the long-term heat storage hydrogen storage container 2) by setting C71, and then transferred to the hydrogen storage container. The metal hydride M2H in (2) is decomposed and the generated hydrogen gas is released by opening the on-off valve (4).
The on-off valve (5) is closed] Hydrogen is introduced into the heat storage container (1) through the hydrogen transport pipe (6), reacts with the metal or alloy Ml in the heat storage container (1), and the generated heat is transferred to the heat exchanger (8). The heat load C is transferred to the heat medium of the heat medium transport pipe (c) through
Supplied to IQ and activates the heat load.

Even in this case, if the sum of the amount of heat collected and the amount of heat generated temporarily exceeds the amount of heat load due to an increase in the amount of heat collected or a decrease in the heat load, immediately close the on-off valve (4) and stop the pump. At the same time as stopping the circulation of the heat medium through the transport pipe @, the cooling water is passed to the heat exchanger αQ, the on-off valve (5) is opened, and the short-term heat storage hydrogen storage container (3) is removed from the heat storage container (1) 1-.
By introducing hydrogen gas into the hydrogen storage vessel (3), excess heat is stored in the form of metal hydride M3H. In addition, in the event of a temporary shortage of heat or temperature level, hydrogen is transferred from the hydrogen storage container (3) to the heat storage container to generate heat using the same procedure as in (b).

As described above, in the heat storage system in the device of this invention, long-term heat storage is performed by storing and releasing hydrogen in a hydrogen storage container for long-term heat storage, and the temperature level of short-term heat storage or regenerated heat during heat utilization is This can be done by storing or releasing hydrogen into short-term heat storage hydrogen storage containers. Therefore, according to the solar heat storage utilization device of the present invention, not only can the surplus heat of spring and autumn be used in summer and winter, but also the heat collection cover can be used during the day and night or due to weather changes, and short-term fluctuations in the amount of heat load can be leveled out. It becomes possible to obtain a temperature level corresponding to the temperature, and the use of an auxiliary heat source can be kept to a minimum.
In addition, by providing two types of hydrogen storage containers: long-term and short-term, long-term hydrogen storage and release can be done in the long-term heat storage hydrogen storage container, and short-term hydrogen storage and release can be done in the short-term heat storage hydrogen storage container. . Therefore, compared to a single hydrogen storage tank where hydrogen is stored and released in one container for both long-term and short-term purposes, it is more sensitive to changes in the amount of heat collected and heat load. Since it becomes possible to respond quickly, it is possible to significantly reduce the amount of thermal energy that was previously wasted.

As described above, the present invention provides a solar heat storage utilization system that has a higher solar heat dependence ratio and is more economical than conventional systems.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the configuration of a solar heat storage utilization device. (1)...Heat storage container, (2)(3)...Hydrogen storage container for long-term and short-term heat storage, (4)(5)...Opening/closing valve, (6)(7)...Hydrogen Transport pipe, (8) (9> (1
(j Q4)...Heat exchanger, (6)...Solar heat collector, υ03 (Bad...Heat medium transport pipe, α odor - heat load, αη...Cooling water transport pipe, mouth ε [191i an
・・・Pump, ■～Bad・−・Three-way pulp.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A heat storage container filled with a metal hydride as a heat storage material and equipped with a heat exchanger, and a heat exchanger filled with a metal hydride as a hydrogen storage material and equipped with a cooling water injection pipe and a discharge pipe. A heat storage system that has two hydrogen storage containers each equipped with a hydrogen storage container, and connects this heat storage container and each of the two hydrogen storage containers with a hydrogen transport pipe with an on/off valve; as well as a solar heat collector, a heat exchanger, and a a heat medium circulation pipe connecting the load, the solar heat collector and the heat exchanger, a heat medium circulation pipe passing the heat exchanger, the heat load and the heat exchanger of the heat storage container, the solar heat collector and the two A solar heat storage utilization device consisting of a solar heat collection system consisting of heat medium circulation pipes connected in parallel to the heat exchangers of each hydrogen storage container. , B Two hydrogen storage containers for heat storage, one for long-term heat storage to store and release hydrogen for long-term heat storage, and one for short-term heat storage or to increase the temperature level during heat utilization and regeneration. The device according to claim 1, which is a short-term heat storage hydrogen storage container for storing and releasing hydrogen.