JPS5895167A - Heat pump device - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to heat pump group g1, and specifically relates to a heat pump device using four-stage metal hydrogenation.

It is known that certain metals and alloys exothermically absorb hydrogen to form metal hydrides, and that these metal hydrides reversibly and endothermically release hydrogen.

In recent years, various heat pump devices using fFis based on the characteristics of gold member hydrides have been proposed.
As shown in FIG. 1, the conventional heat pump device fills a first closed container 1 with a first metal hydride MIH, and fills a second metal hydride Mtkl with a higher equilibrium decomposition pressure P than MIH in the operating temperature range. is filled into the second airtight container 2, and a communication pipe 4 equipped with a valve that can be opened and closed, such as a solenoid valve 3.
The first and second closed containers are connected to each other, and the first closed container is connected to a high temperature heating medium 5 at a temperature TH, and a low temperature heating medium 6 at a temperature TL is connected to the second closed container. The intermediate temperature heating medium 7 of temperature fTM is connected to the second sealed container in a switchable manner.

The operation of this device will be explained using the cycle diagram shown in FIG. For example, to obtain cold heat output, connect M and H to a medium-temperature heating medium with a temperature like the atmosphere (point B), MI
H is connected to a high-temperature heating medium that is a driving heat source and heated to a temperature TH, the equilibrium decomposition pressure of MIH is made higher than that of MsH (point A), and the difference in equilibrium decomposition pressure is used to absorb heat from MIH endothermically. Hydrogen is released and this hydrogen is exothermically absorbed into the M voice.

Next, the MIH is connected to a medium-temperature heating medium and cooled to a temperature IIIM, making its equilibrium decomposition pressure lower than that of Ms, (
Point D), hydrogen is released endothermically from MsH using the difference in equilibrium decomposition pressure, and this hydrogen is stored exothermically in MIH.The endothermic reaction of M and H in this hydrogen transfer process is expressed as Ms
H&: At point C), the cycle is completed as cold energy of temperature TL is obtained from the persistent low-temperature refrigerant.

To obtain thermal output, in the above cycle, a high temperature heat medium and a low temperature heat medium are used as driving heat sources, and the hydrogen storage reaction of M and H (point B) and the exothermic reaction in the hydrogen storage reaction of MtH (point D) are performed. Use.

However, in the above-described heat pump device, if the heat source temperature fluctuates easily, such as solar heat or waste heat, the device will not operate if the heat source does not reach a predetermined temperature. For example, when obtaining the cold output described above, when the temperature of the driving heat source drops to lllIc as shown in Figure 2, and as a result, the equilibrium decomposition pressure of MIH is smaller than the equilibrium decomposition pressure of MsH at point B. , hydrogen transfer from MIH to MSB' cannot occur. Similarly, when obtaining a thermal output in the same way as in
When the pressure becomes lower than the equilibrium decomposition pressure of IH, Ml! (From M
Hydrogen transfer to IH cannot occur. Further, the above-described heat pump device requires a high temperature heat medium, a low temperature heat medium, or a plurality of drive heat sources as a driving heat source, and in general, the temperature and supply of the heat medium are unstable.

Historically, in conventional heat pump devices, the following problems have arisen when obtaining heat output from the cycle shown in FIG. 3, for example. That is, the MIH is heated to a temperature r[1M by a medium-temperature heating medium such as solar heat, and the MsH is cooled to 2111 tTr by a low-temperature heating medium such as the atmosphere, and then hydrogen is released from the MIH (point A). is occluded by MsH (point B)
Next, hydrogen is released from M and H by heating MsH to a temperature fIIM with a medium-temperature heating medium (point C), which is absorbed by MIH (point D), and the temperature is increased from the heat generation of MIH to 'rH. When obtaining a thermal output of
Thermal output cannot be obtained. Moreover, in order to obtain thermal output, the temperature of the low-temperature heating medium, which is the low-temperature drive heat source, must be lower, which is a contradictory condition. There are some disadvantages that cannot be avoided.

The present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to provide a metal hydride heat pump system that prevents heat loss due to heating and cooling of metal hydrides without relying on an unstable driving heat source. do.

The heat pump device of the present invention includes a first closed container filled with a first metal hydride and a second metal hydride that has a higher equilibrium decomposition pressure than the first metal hydride in the operating temperature range. Hydrogen can be transferred from the second sealed container to the first sealed container by a pressure difference between the equilibrium decomposition pressures of the first and second metal hydrides;
and a communicating pipe having a drive controllable compressor capable of forcibly transferring hydrogen from the first closed container to the second closed container against the counter pressure of the metal hydride equilibrium bone of j82. The first and second closed containers are each connected to a medium-temperature or low-temperature heat medium for heat exchange in a switchable manner, and the second closed container is connected to a low-temperature heat medium, and the jFll closed container is connected to a medium-temperature heating medium, the second metal hydride releases hydrogen endothermically due to the pressure difference between the equilibrium decomposition pressures of the first and second metal hydrides, and this hydrogen is transferred to the first metal hydride. The first metal hydride is then connected to a low temperature heating medium, the I82 metal hydride is connected to an intermediate temperature heating medium, and the first and iJ2 metal hydrides are occluded exothermically. Hydrogen is forcibly released endothermically from the first metal hydride against the reverse pressure of the equilibrium decomposition pressure, and this hydrogen is exothermically occluded in the second metal hydride. It is something to do.

The present invention will be described below based on drawings showing examples.

FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the heat pump device of the present invention,
The sealed container 1 and the second sealed container 2 of taX are each filled with MIH&b MSH, and there is a pressure difference between the equilibrium decomposition pressures of Min and MzH between the containers from the second sealed container to the first sealed container. A first communication pipe 4 equipped with a valve 3 such as a solenoid valve that can be opened and closed to move hydrogen.
and the first one against the opposite pressure of the equilibrium decomposition pressure of MIH and MaH.
They are interconnected by a second communication pipe 9 equipped with a compressor 8 that can be driven and controlled so as to forcibly move hydrogen from the closed container to the second closed container. Note that the valve 3 and the compressor 8 may be provided in the same communication pipe. Further, both containers are connected to a medium-temperature heat medium 6 and a low-temperature heat medium 7 in a switchable manner so as to exchange heat with each other.

Next, the operation of the above device will be explained with reference to the cycle diagram shown in FIG. First, connect MIH to a medium temperature heating medium, connect M and H to a low temperature heating medium, and make the equilibrium decomposition pressure of MmH higher than that of MIH (by making the equilibrium decomposition pressure between MIH and MsH higher). A pressure difference is created, the valve is opened and hydrogen is released endothermically from the MsH (point A), and this hydrogen is stored exothermically in the MIH (point B).Then, the valve is closed and the MIH is exposed to low-temperature heat. Connect point C), M, and H to the medium temperature heating medium (point D).

In this case, since the equilibrium decomposition pressure of MIH is lower than that of fmH, the compressor is driven to forcibly release hydrogen from MIH endothermically, and cause this hydrogen to be stored exothermically in MIH. Next, the cycle is completed by again connecting Min to the medium-temperature heat medium and M and H to the low-temperature heat medium.

In the above cycle, if air is used as the medium-temperature heating medium and formed in the air cooler, cold heat is given to the low-temperature heating medium at points A and C, and air is used as the low-temperature heating medium and formed in the air heater. Heat is applied to the intermediate temperature heating medium at point B and point B, so that two cold or hot outputs can be obtained during one cycle. Furthermore, it is also possible to obtain cold output at points A and C, and at the same time to obtain thermal output at point B and point C, using the cycle shown in FIG.

Note that the heating medium is not limited to one type. By connecting M and H to a low-temperature heating medium and a medium-temperature heating medium at a temperature of TH, the work of the compressor when forcibly transferring hydrogen from MIHL to M and H (from point 0 to point D) can be reduced. In addition, when obtaining thermal output,
When a heat medium having a temperature T8 higher than a low temperature heat medium having a temperature TL can be used as a low temperature heat medium, as shown in FIG.
By connecting switchably to a medium-temperature heat medium and a low-temperature heat medium at a temperature Ts, the amount of work of the compressor when forcibly transferring hydrogen from MIH to MIH can be reduced in the same way as described above. In addition, as shown in FIG. 8, if M and H are switchably connected to a medium-temperature heating medium and a low-temperature heating medium of temperature Ill,
Since hydrogen transfer from MsH to MIH (from point A to point B) can be performed at a higher temperature, MIH&m,
Thermal output can be obtained at higher temperatures.

In addition, in Fig. 186, a cold output is obtained at points A and C, and a thermal output is obtained at a point B, and in Fig. 117, a thermal output is obtained at points B and a point A, and a cold output is obtained at a point A. Further, in FIG. 8, it is also possible to obtain thermal output at points B and dots, and to obtain cold output at point C.

As described above, in the heat pump device of the present invention, as shown in the cycle diagrams of FIGS. 5 to 8, the point C
In the hydrogen transfer from point A to point B, cold or heat output is obtained by mainly driving the compressor, and then in the hydrogen transfer from point A to point B, cold or heat output is obtained without using any heat source. Or you can get heat.

As described above, according to the apparatus of the present invention, Msl (from MI
Hydrogen transfer to H is performed by the difference FE between their equilibrium decomposition pressures, and hydrogen transfer from MIH to MzH is performed by a compressor against the opposite pressure of their equilibrium decomposition pressures. Unlike heat pump equipment, it does not rely on an unstable driving heat source (the equipment can be operated,
Furthermore, the output can be obtained two or more times in succession in one cycle.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 shows an example of a conventional metal hydride heat pump device, Figs. 2 and 3 are cycle diagrams for explaining its operation, and Fig. 4 shows an example of the heat pump device of the present invention. Figure 5 is a cycle diagram for explaining its operation, and Figures 'i66 to 8N are cycle diagrams when another heat source is used in combination. l...first airtight container, 2...second airtight container, 3
... Valve, 4. First communication pipe, 5. High temperature heat medium, 6.
... Medium temperature heating medium, 7... Low temperature heating medium, 8... Consolidation machine, 9
...Second communication pipe. Patent applicant Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. Representative Mototoshi Fujinuma No. 1121 Figure 2

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) A first sealed container filled with a first metal hydride, and a second sealed container filled with a second metal hydride that is placed in the operating temperature range and has a higher equilibrium decomposition pressure than the first metal hydride.
Hydrogen can be transferred from the sealed container of $2 to the first sealed container by the pressure difference between the equilibrium decomposition pressures of j81 and the second metal hydride, and the first and second metal hydrides a communication pipe with a compressor whose drive can be controlled to forcibly move hydrogen from the first sealed container to the sealed container of IJ2 against the counter pressure of the equilibrium decomposition pressure of iJl and the second sealed container. It is constructed by connecting a medium temperature or low temperature heating medium to the containers in a switchable manner for heat exchange, the 9Is2 sealed container is connected to the low temperature heating medium, and the first sealed container is connected to the medium temperature heating medium. , causing the iJ2 metal hydride to endothermically release hydrogen due to the pressure difference between the equilibrium decomposition pressures of the first and second metal hydrides;
This hydrogen is exothermically occluded in the first metal hydrogen substance.
, Next, connect the iJl metal hydrogen material to a low-temperature heating medium, connect the I82 metal hydrogen material to a medium-temperature heating medium,
Hydrogen is strongly released endothermically from the first metal hydride against the opposite pressure of the equilibrium decomposition pressure of the first and s2 metal hydrides, and this hydrogen is exothermically transferred to the metal hydride 182. A heat pump device characterized in that it is configured to occlude.