JPS588338Y2 - Vertical impact crusher - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a vertical impact crusher, and more particularly, to the provision of a machine convenient for crushing solid waste, such as municipal waste, which is composed of a wide variety of components.

Municipal waste is made up of a wide variety of components such as paper, garbage, plastics, wood chips, fibers, metals, etc.

Such garbage is currently being disposed of in mechanized patch type, stoker type incinerators, etc.
However, due to the fatal defect of having a large residual ash layer, incineration efficiency has recently improved (fluidized bed incinerators with little residual ash, high-temperature melting furnaces with much less residual ash, etc.) It is being adopted.

A crusher is usually employed as a pre-process for introducing waste into these various processing furnaces in order to increase the surface area of the waste, thereby increasing incineration efficiency or melting efficiency.

Shredder - For example, a vertical impact type crusher capable of mass processing is known, and there are technologies such as Japanese Patent Publication No. 49-40730 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 52-145861, but any type of technology is It is unsuitable for crushing urban garbage, which consists of a wide variety of constituent components.

In other words, in the former technology, even if the distance between the rotor crushing wheel and the crushing lug attached to the shell body is adjusted to a certain dimension in order to use it for urban use, the adjustment set must be used to handle materials that are difficult to crush. With municipal waste consisting of a wide variety of components, materials that are easily shredded would be shredded more than necessary, which would consume a large amount of power and shorten the lifespan of the rotor wheel. Not only does this shorten the lifespan of the crushed material, but it also causes heat generation and fluidization of the crushed material, resulting in insufficient protection of the bearing.

On the other hand, the latter technology has the advantage that the outer periphery of the hammers arranged in multiple stages is surrounded by a peripheral wall with screen holes, so crushed material smaller than the screen hole diameter is not carried around unnecessarily. The distance between the outer periphery and the surrounding wall is...
Since the bearing remains constant in the axial direction of the bearing, not only does the initial load become abnormally large, but also there is a problem in terms of protection of the bearing as described above.

In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, the present invention is designed to effectively crush urban garbage, which consists of a wide variety of components, by prolonging the life of the impact rotor and saving power consumption. Therefore,
The present invention uses a vertical impact crusher that drives an impact rotor with a rotor on its outer periphery around a vertical axis in a crushing chamber to crush municipal waste containing solid waste, etc., consisting of a wide variety of components. A cylindrical crushing chamber side wall surrounding the outer periphery of the impact rotor is provided in the crushing chamber, and the crushing chamber is divided into an inner chamber and an outer chamber via the crushing chamber side wall, and the inner chamber and the outer periphery of the impact rotor are separated from each other. The gap between the crushing chamber and the crushing chamber is configured to be a tapered interval that gradually decreases toward the bottom, and the side wall of the crushing chamber has a large number of material passage holes of a predetermined shape independently formed in the circumferential direction and the vertical direction, and It is characterized in that material discharge ports are formed at the lower parts of the inner chamber and the outer chamber, respectively.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, reference numeral 1 denotes a material input hopper, which is unevenly distributed on the upper side of the cylindrical body 2 and communicated with it.

Reference numeral 3 denotes a spider, which is a ring ring supported on the lower inner wall of the cylindrical body 2 via radial arms 3A shown in FIG. A material discharge port 3C for the outer chamber (1) is formed on each side.

4 is the side wall of the crushing chamber with a great bar structure, and the cylindrical main body 2
It has a cylindrical structure that divides the inner crushing chamber into inner chamber 1 and outer chamber ■.
A large number of material passage ports 4A are formed independently in the vertical direction and the circumferential direction.

A circumferential groove is formed in the upper part of the spider 3, and a support fitting 9 is fitted into this groove via a shim 10. In the embodiment, the support fitting 9 is connected to the crushing chamber side wall 4 via a ball joint. The lower part of the is supported.

In the embodiment, the side wall 4 of the crushing chamber is a tapered cylindrical body whose diameter gradually increases toward the top, and the top thereof is fastened to the top cover 8 with bolts 7 via a pair of lock fittings 5 and 6. The tapered shape of the side wall 4 can be varied by configuring the side wall 4 in a split type and by making the bolts 7 adjustable and fixed in the radial direction.

Reference numeral 11 denotes a hammer, which connects a plurality of rotors 13 via a pin 12.
A plurality of them are provided in the circumferential direction so as to be able to swing freely.

A plurality of rotors 13 are fixed to the main shaft R at predetermined intervals in the axial direction, for example, with keys, etc., and a hammer 11 is swingably provided between the two rotors 13 via a common pin 12.
The pin 12 is fixed to a rotor 13.

The main shaft R is rotatably supported via an upper bearing 14 and a lower bearing 15. At this time, the main shaft R is housed in the crushing inner chamber 2 in a vertical axis position, and the outer periphery of the rotor 13 is surrounded by a side wall 4 of a great bar structure. The outer periphery of the impact rotor 13 and the side wall 4 are configured so that the distance therebetween gradually decreases downward.

A belt pulley 16 is provided on the main shaft R directly above the lower bearing 15, and when a belt 18 is hooked around the drive motor 17, the impact rotor 13 is driven around the vertical axis.

A dispersion plate 19 arranged radially above the rotor is keyed to the main shaft K, and is configured to disperse the material supplied from one hopper to the gap between the outer periphery of the hammer and the side wall 4 by centrifugal force.

20 is a bottom plate, and between this bottom plate 20 and the spider 3, a discharge plate 21 for scraping out the crushed material is provided in a radial arrangement.The discharge plate 21 is fixed to the lower rotor and the main shaft, and discharges the crushed material by centrifugal force. It is configured to be discharged into a discharge port 22 provided in the lower trunk wall of the main body.

5 to 8 show other embodiments of the present invention. In FIG. 5, the outer periphery of the impact rotor 13 is configured in a tapered shape with a small diameter at the top and a gradually larger diameter toward the bottom. The cylindrical side wall 4 is configured as a straight tube, and in this case as well, the spacing is large at the top and becomes smaller toward the bottom.

The rest of the configuration is the same as the first embodiment.

Figures 6 and 7 show the cylindrical side wall 4 and the impact rotor 13 with their cylinder diameters and rotor diameters changed. In Figure 6, the side wall 4 and the rotor 13 both have a large upper diameter and a lower diameter. In this case, the taper angle of the side wall 4 is made large and the taper angle of the rotor 13 is made small.

In addition, in FIG. 7, the upper diameter of the side wall 4 is set to a dogleg with respect to the lower diameter, and conversely, the rotor 13 has a lower diameter set to a dogleg with respect to the upper diameter.

In each of the embodiments described above, the rotor 13 may employ a ring hammer 103 as shown in FIG.

The operation of the embodiment of the present invention having the above-mentioned structure will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4. The material input hopper 1
When a material to be crushed, such as municipal waste, is supplied to the crushing chamber (2), the material is subjected to centrifugal force by a dispersion plate 19 provided at the top of the rotor, and is dispersed into the space between the outer periphery of the rotor and the side wall 4. Ru.

At this time, the upper part of the gap between the rotor outer circumference and the side wall 4 is a dog;
Since the lower part is set to 6, the initial load does not act suddenly and the load on the motor 17 is small, the load acting on the rotor 13 and the side wall 4 is also small, and as a result, the bearings 14 and 15 are overloaded. No load is applied.

On the other hand, the dispersed material F was arranged in multiple stages...
1 and the great bar 1, that is, the side wall 4, as shown in FIG. 4, while being crushed and moved along the side wall 4 to the lower blade of the rotor.

At this time, since the gap between the side wall 4 and the . While effectively receiving multiple crushing opportunities, materials smaller than the material passage port 4A are passed through the outer chamber.
There is no risk of over-crushing due to release.

In other words, materials larger than the desired size move downwards and remain there, so they receive many crushing opportunities and are effectively crushed while moving downwards, and the materials smaller than the desired size move downwards. During the crushing process, the crushed material reaches the outer chamber (2) through the material passage port 4A, where excessive crushing and wasteful material handling are eliminated, and the materials that need to be crushed are crushed without waste, which reduces power consumption. Not only is the force reduced, but the force acting on the hammer, bearings, etc. is also reduced, preventing heat generation and fluidization of the crushed material, resulting in a longer life.

Of course, the crushed material and inherently small materials that have reached the outer chamber (2) are discharged by the discharge plate 21, and the crushed material from the lower part of the inner chamber (2) is also discharged by the discharge plate 21.

That is, the crushed material falls from the crushing chamber independently from the discharge port 3C of the inner chamber (2) and the discharge port 3B of the outer chamber (2), and is discharged to the outside of the machine by the common discharge plate 21.
Since the crushed material of a certain particle size that reaches the outer chamber (2) via A does not return to the inner chamber (2), durability is improved.

The present invention is as described above, and since the outer periphery of the rotor and the side wall of the crushing chamber surrounding the rotor have a tapered shape with a smaller gap toward the bottom, the initial load can be eased, and the Materials larger than a regular size have the advantage of being able to undergo multiple crushing opportunities, and since the side wall has a large number of material passage holes independently formed in the vertical and circumferential directions, the strength of the side wall can be improved. The rotor
Efficient crushing can be achieved while extending the life of the side walls, etc., and this is particularly useful as a crusher for a wide variety of materials, such as a city go.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The figures show an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1 is an overall elevational sectional view of the first embodiment, FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line A-A in FIG. 1, and FIG.
The figure is a sectional view taken along the line B-B, FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view taken along the line C-C, and FIGS. 5 to 8 show other embodiments. FIG. 5 is a second embodiment, and FIG. The third embodiment, FIG. 7 is an elevational sectional view of the fourth embodiment, and FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a modified example of the rotor. 2...Crushing main body, 4...Crushing chamber side wall,
4A...Material passage port, 11...Hammer 13...Rotor, 17...Motor.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] A vertical impact crusher that drives an impact rotor having a hammer on the outer periphery around a vertical axis in a crushing chamber to crush urban garbage containing solid waste and the like made up of a wide variety of components, A cylindrical crushing chamber side wall surrounding the outer periphery of the impact rotor is provided, and the crushing chamber is divided into an inner chamber and an outer chamber via the crushing chamber side wall, and the distance between the inner chamber and the outer periphery of the impact rotor is A large number of material passage openings of a predetermined shape are formed independently in the circumferential direction and the longitudinal direction in the side wall of the crushing chamber, and the inner chamber and the outer chamber are A vertical impact crusher characterized by having material discharge ports formed at the bottom.