JPS5863792A - Solid fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:A solid fuel, having a protruding part in the original cylindrical or prismatic shape and improved igniting, fire spreading and combustion characteristics, etc., and capable of reducing the unburned gas, e.g. CO or a hydrocarbon. CONSTITUTION:A solid fuel having one or more protruding parts (e) in the original cyclndrical or prismatic shape, and if necessary further an independent cut part or hole in the main shape part (d) and/or protruding parts (e). The preferred cross-sectional area ratio between the main shape part and the one protruding part is (100:10)-(100:50). Preferably, the solid fuel is constituted of a carbonaceous material as a principal component and a desulfurizing agent, combustion accelerator, molding assistant and binder added thereto.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a solid fuel with excellent ignition/fire characteristics, combustion characteristics, etc. That is, by creating a configuration that can provide at least a convex portion to the original shape of solid fuel consisting of a cylinder or a prism, 1. In particular, it provides a solid fuel with excellent ignition/fire characteristics and combustion characteristics.

In recent years, against the backdrop of changes in the energy situation triggered by the oil crisis, there has been an active review of carbonaceous fuels, mainly coal, and there is a desire to effectively and expand the use of important energy resources.

There are many major technical problems in expanding the effective use of solid fuels such as coal. Currently, for example, the major technological development issues for expanding the use of coal are (a) advanced use of coal to effectively utilize unused resources (e.g., effective use of pulverized coal and lignite), and (b) flue gas treatment. Establish technology to protect the environment and improve efficiency (for example, pollution prevention technology), (・→ Liquefy coal and transport it.

Eliminating inconveniences such as storage (for example, 00M fuel),
) to be used as a substitute for oil and natural gas (for example,
(e) Coal 9 Coal ash recycling, developing new demand areas (e.g. household fuel),
Initiatives are being considered.

Among the above technical development issues, the present invention particularly addresses (a).

This is related to (e), and provides a new type of household solid fuel that is different from conventional solid fuels, that is, kneaded and no-charcoal.

bY: *Solid fuels can be broadly divided into industrial and household uses, but the majority of solid fuels, mainly 6-charcoal, are used for industrial purposes. On the other hand, coal-based solid fuels used for household purposes are mainly charcoal briquettes and pea charcoal, but the consumption of charcoal is decreasing year by year, and these solid fuels for household use are only used as an auxiliary heat source. do not have. however,
Among these, charcoal is considered important as a heat source for high-grade cooking, and is used for cooking in hotels, restaurants, etc.

Considering the effective use of Fi charcoal, charcoal, etc. or new demand fields, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of solid fuel with high added value since household solid fuel is used as an auxiliary heat source. However, currently commercially available household solid fuels are generally charcoal briquettes, pea charcoal and charcoal. Some portable and emergency solid fuels include paraffin and Fuchs 1' gas containing gamma alcohol fuel, but demand is low.

Technological developments for such general charcoal briquettes and small charcoal have improved their hardness, odor prevention, exhaust gas characteristics, etc., and recently, ignitable briquettes and charcoal have been commercially available, but such briquettes, Ω-
Solid fuels such as charcoal have many drawbacks. Its shortcomings are listed below.

O) The heat capacity (specific heat) of charcoal briquettes and small charcoal is large and the ignitability is poor.

(2) It takes time (1 to 2 hours on average) to make it usable, that is, to create a stable combustion chamber.

(3) After ignition, it may go out.

(4) Smoke when ignited? A foul odor occurs.

(6) Harmful gases, especially carbon oxide and sulfur dioxide, are generated in large quantities during the 6th combustion period and the next combustion period.

(6) Solid combustion 1! +If the weight per piece is large, the heat capacity (1 specific heat) will also be large, and the combustion temperature will inevitably be high.

This means that the combustion ash will fuse to the stove.

The shape of the stove, that is, the fuel appliance, changes or the exhaust gas characteristics are further deteriorated, making the stove unusable. This is because the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals in the coal react with the silica, alumina, etc. in the coal at high temperatures, forming a spinel structure.

The above-mentioned disadvantages are often caused by the solid fuel itself. The present invention improves the above-mentioned disadvantages and provides a new solid fuel with excellent ignition/fire characteristics, 4 combustion characteristics, etc. The shape is provided with at least one protrusion.

Here, the definitions of cylinder and prism will be explained. As shown in the example in Figure 1, a cylinder is a circle, an ellipse, or a cone, and a prism is a triangle or a square.

It refers to squares such as round angles and hexagons, and pyramid-shaped objects. The shapes of the cylinders and prisms can be straight, curved, V-shaped, wave-shaped, etc., and include mixed structures such as cylinder-prismatic, straight-curved, curved-V-shaped, etc. Next, as shown in the cross-section of the original shape cylinder or prism, that is, the cross-sectional view taken along the line 5' in Fig. Original shape. Further, the main shape portion and the convex portion will be explained. As shown in the example in Figure 2, (
(a) is a perspective view showing an example of solid fuel, and (b) shows a cross section of the original shape of (a). (C) is (&) B
-B' line cross section is shown, (d) is called the main shape part, and (5) is called the convex part.

Next, as shown in FIG. 3, as the constituent elements of the convex part of the present invention, when the maximum cross-sectional length of the original shape of the cylinder is M and the length of the cylinder is L, the ratio between L and The most preferred solid fuel of the present invention is one having L/M of 0.8 or more and having a protrusion in the L direction.

Next, FIG. 4 shows an example of a specific cross section of the solid fuel of the present invention. (f) is a cylinder, (g) is a prism, (h) is a conical prism, (
1) is a modification of (f), (g), and (h), and is composed of a convex portion and a through hole.

The solid fuel of the present invention is preferably composed of a carbonaceous material as a main component, to which a desulfurizing agent, a combustion accelerator, a forming aid, and a binder are added. 1 coal as carbonaceous material,
Coke, charcoal, ash, graphite.

Petroleum carbon or other carbonaceous fuels are used.

Sodium, potassium, calcium as desulfurizing agents.

use Furthermore, composite materials of the above-mentioned alkali metals and alkaline earth metals can also be used.

Combustion accelerator (oxidizing agent) Vi, potassium nitrate-9 barium nitrate, potassium perchlorate, magnesium oxide.

Iron oxide, aluminum powder, manganese oxide, etc. are used.

As forming aids, commonly used bentonite, talc, clay, kaolin, etc. are used. Binding agents are pitch, tar, french, molasses, and Balf drainage.

Cement, glue, lime, water glass, stone, colloidal silica, colloidal alumina, starch, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) are used.

Typical blending ratios are as follows.

Carbonaceous material 70-96% by weight Desulfurizing agent 1-26 Combustion promoter 0-16 Molding aid 0-1-0. u Binder o, s ~ 68 Next, a method for manufacturing the solid fuel used in the Examples will be explained. After weighing the composition having the blending ratio shown in Table 1, it is thoroughly dry-mixed using an omnimixer, water necessary for molding is added, and it is sufficiently kneaded using a kneader. The kneaded material is extruded into an arbitrary shape using an extruder and dried. After drying, the molded product is 1
After adjusting the particle size to a length of 6 to 10 mm, the sample was prepared.

The preferred solid fuel of the present invention has a weight of 20 p or less per piece of stratified fuel, an apparent density of 1.3 g/cc or less, an original cross-sectional area of 26 to 16 oomm2, and a packing density of 0.85 when burned. //ac or less is better.

Next, the structure of the convex portion, which is an important element of the present invention, will be explained. The convex part configuration conditions are as follows: (a) At least one convex part must be provided in the original shape.

(b) Either the ten-shaped part or the convex part has an angular shape.

(/→ Construct a notch in the main shape part or the protrusion part as necessary, (1) The ratio of the maximum length M of the main shape part to the maximum length l of the protrusion part, M'/M is 1 or less.

A solid fuel composed of convex portions that satisfies the above four items has a first-order effect compared to the conventional charcoal shape.

1) By increasing the combustion area (contact area with air) and improving reactivity, which is a drawback of solid fuel, ignition and
Fire characteristics and combustion characteristics are improved, and unburned gas (carbon oxide, hydrocarbons, etc.) can be significantly reduced.

2) The space in the solid fuel layer is increased, and combustion air can be easily introduced, improving combustibility.

3) By providing at least two spaces at the intersection of the main shape part and the convex part, the space can be increased in the same way as in 2), the combustion air can be easily introduced, and the combustibility can be improved.

4) By providing holes in the protrusions and main shape, it is easier to introduce combustion air, and it is also easier to supply air to the center of the solid fuel, which can significantly reduce unburned gas. .

By configuring the structure, ignition and fire circulation characteristics are further improved.

Combustion characteristics can be improved.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in detail based on Examples.

FIG. 6 shows a method for measuring ignition and fire characteristics using a bush flame (hereinafter referred to as the gas flame method). This method uses a city gas table stove with the configuration shown in Figure 1, and measures the ignition and firing characteristics of solid fuel based on the ignition time.

The ignition time at this time was that the gas flame was ignited for a certain period of time, and after the gas flame was extinguished, it was burned for at least 10 minutes, and the gas flame heating time was defined as the ignition/fire rotation time. 1 in the figure shows the main body of the gas staple stove, which is located at a height of 70 mm from the top of the burner 2 and has a diameter of 100 m7.
7L.

A cylindrical solid fuel plate [113] with a length of so mm is held on a support stand 4. The lower surface of the fuel tank 3 is made up of a 6 mesh wire mesh, and the tray 3 is evenly filled with 200 g of solid fuel 6.

Next, Fig. 6 shows that a combustor is used to ignite solid fuel with an auxiliary igniter, and the ignition and fire characteristics are measured. A method for measuring carbon (hereinafter referred to as the auxiliary ignition method) is shown. The combustor shown in the figure is a partially improved version of a commercially available stove, and the combustor main body 6 has one combustion air lower at the lower side of the combustor and eight secondary combustion air ports 8 at the upper side of the combustor.

A cylindrical hood 9 is installed on the top of the main body 6 to measure the flue gas.
has been established. The hood has 8 auxiliary secondary combustion air ports 10. A plurality of independent exhaust gas vents 11 are provided on the top surface, and an exhaust gas measuring pipe 12 is inserted into the center of the exhaust gas vents 11.

The main body 6 is provided with a solid fuel receiver 13 made of a 6-metal wire mesh, and the receiver 13 is evenly filled with 300 g of solid charcoal 14. On the other hand, with the composition shown in Table 2, after 6 fires in diameter, this is filled into the upper part of the solid fuel, and immediately after filling, exhaust gas measurement is started to measure ignition/fire characteristics and combustion characteristics.

It was shown to. The peak value of carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas, that is, the time at which the ignited auxiliary ignition agent was filled and the peak value reached ρ was defined as the ignition/fire rotation time. Also - carbon oxide is 1.
This shows the peak value during combustion.

Table 1 Example 1 The cross-sectional area of the above-described manufacturing method for the cross-sectional human body shown in FIG. 8 is shown in Table 3.

Table 3 The ignition/firing characteristics and combustion characteristics of these solid fuels were measured using the gas flame method and auxiliary ignition method described above, and the results are shown in Tables 4 and 6, respectively. The ignition and heating times in Table 6 are shown in Figure 9, and the peak value of carbon oxide is shown in Figure 10.
Each is shown in the figure.

4 Table 4 (Gas flame method) Note) 02 Burning for more than 10 minutes △: Extinguished in 5 to 10 minutes ×: Extinguished in 0 to 6 minutes Table 5 (Supplementary igniter method) As is clear from the characteristics and combustion characteristics, By providing the convex portion, the ignition/fire characteristics and combustion characteristics were significantly improved. The twisted convex portion needs to have a certain shape compared to the original shape. In other words, the cross-sectional area ratio of the original shape part and the convex part is
The range of 10σ:10 to 100:50 is preferable. When the cross-sectional area ratio of the convex portion becomes 10 or less, the ignition and fire circulation characteristics of 1.
Although only carbon monoxide is listed in the table, the same tendency applies to hydrocarbons).
There is no effect Fi of forming the convex portion. On the other hand, when it exceeds 60, the ignition/fire characteristics and combustion characteristics also deteriorate. The reason for this is that due to mutual solid fuel, the protrusions approach their original shape, the space layer decreases, and the heat capacity of the solid fuel also increases, which leads to poor ignition and fire-spinning characteristics and A lot of combustion gas is generated.

Example 2 As shown in FIG. 11, is the cross-sectional area of the protrusion different from the raw shape? 5%, and the shapes of the convex portions are different. Table 6 shows the results measured by the auxiliary ignition method.

As is clear from Table 6, the shape of the protrusion, that is, the apparent surface area of the protrusion has a large influence. By the way, the apparent surface area of N014 is 1.15 times that of the entire main shape, No. 7
is 1.06 times. In this manner, the apparent surface area of the shape including the protrusions is preferably 1.1M or more with respect to the entire main shape.

Example 3 A notch 9 is formed in the shape of a convex portion as shown in FIG.
This is an example in which through holes are provided respectively. Table 7 shows the results measured using the auxiliary ignition method.

7 Table 7 As is clear from the table, the shape has a raised part.

Notch [For the cross-sectional area of 100 of the original shape (No. 4),
The cross-sectional area of the notch is 6], and the through hole [original shape (NO94
) By providing the through hole with a cross-sectional area of 8] compared to the cross-sectional area of 100, the space in the solid fuel layer became larger, and the ignition and fire-running characteristics as well as the combustion characteristics were further improved.

In the examples, all examples are explained using the original shape of a prism.
A similar effect was obtained for the original shape of the cylinder.

By providing at least one protrusion in the original shape as described above, the fire/fire characteristics and combustion characteristics were significantly improved.

Note that the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the through-hole to the cross-sectional area of the main shape portion having the convex portion is 98:2 to 50:60.
range yielded favorable results. In particular, it is preferable to increase the cross-sectional area ratio of the through holes, but the mechanical strength decreases significantly when the mechanical strength H exceeds 50%.

Although the combustor in this example uses natural draft as the combustion air, in order to further improve the ignition/fire characteristics and combustion characteristics, combustion air was forcibly introduced at the beginning of combustion. , solid fuel provided with protrusions is even more effective.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 shows a solid fuel consisting of a cylinder or a prism, where a is a perspective view, b is a sectional view, and Fig. 2 is the original shape. Figure 3 is a diagram showing the definition of a cylinder and a prism, Figure 4 is a sectional view showing an example of the solid fuel of the present invention, and Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating the characteristics of the solid fuel according to the gas flame method. A vertical cross-sectional view of the measuring instrument; FIG. 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the characteristic measuring instrument using the auxiliary ignition method; FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the exhaust gas characteristics of various solid fuels;
Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of the solid fuel of Example 1, Figure 9 is a diagram showing its ignition/fire characteristics, Figure 10 is a diagram showing the exhaust gas characteristics of Example 1, and Figure 11 is a diagram of the solid fuel of Example 2. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the solid fuel of Example 3. FIG. Name of agent: Patent attorney Masao Nakao, 1st person
Figure [α1(b) Figure 2”) (b)
(C) Figure 3 Figure 4 @1 1 151 Figure 12

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) A solid fuel having at least one convex portion in the original shape of a cylinder or a prism. (2) The solid fuel according to claim 1, wherein an independent cutout or through hole is provided in at least one of the main shape portion and the protruding portion with respect to the original shape. (3) The cross-sectional area ratio of the main shape part and one convex part is 100
The solid fuel according to claim 1, wherein: =10-100:50.