JPS5874793A - Production of solid fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a household solid fuel which is lightweight and has excellent ignitabilities, fire spreadability, combustibility, service life, etc., by combining a plurality of band- or stick-shaped briquettes consisting mainly of a carbonaceous substance and having different compositions, and rebriquetting the combined briquette. CONSTITUTION:A binder such as pitch, tar or carboxy-methylcellulose and, if necessary, a small amount of water are added to a carbonaceous substance such as anthracite powder. The mixture is kneaded and briquetted to produce band- shaped or stick-shaped briquette 4 which has a large average particle size, is hardly ignited, but has a large heat capacity. Separately, a binder and water are added to a carbonaceous substance such as charcoal powder. The mixture is kneaded and briquetted to produce band- or stick-shaped briquette 5 which has a small average particle size, is easily ignited, but has a small heat capacity. The briquette 4 and 5 are combined together in an unhardened state, or simultaneously supplied to a pressure molding machine and rebriquetted into a pellet shape to obtain the desired solid fuel.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for producing solid fuel with excellent ignitability, reheatability, combustibility, fire retention, etc. By combining and remolding the bodies, a solid fuel with excellent ignitability and combustibility consisting of two or more different layered bodies is provided.

In recent years, against the backdrop of changes in the energy situation triggered by the oil crisis, there has been an active review of carbonaceous fuels, mainly coal, and there is a desire to expand the effective use of important energy sources.

There are many major technical problems in trying to expand the effective use of solid fuels such as coal. Currently, for example, the major technological development issues for expanding the use of coal are (a) advanced use of coal to effectively utilize unused resources (for example, effective use of pulverized coal and lignite), and (b) flue gas treatment technology. (c) liquefy coal to eliminate the inconvenience of transportation, storage, etc. (e.g., zero pollution prevention technology).
0M fuel), (2) Utilize as a substitute for oil and natural gas (e.g., high-calorie gasification), (e) Recycle coal 1 coal ash, develop new demand fields (e.g., household fuel) Initiatives such as these are being considered.

The invention is particularly related to points 0) and (e) among the above technical development issues, and is to provide a new type of household solid fuel that is different from conventional solid fuels, ie, briquettes and small charcoal.

Conventionally, solid fuels can be broadly classified into industrial and household uses, and solid fuels, mainly coal, are mostly used for industrial purposes. On the other hand, the mainstream coal-based solid fuels used in households are briquettes and pea charcoal, and the consumption of charcoal is decreasing year by year.These household solid fuels are only used as an auxiliary heat source.゛. However, on the other hand, charcoal is used as a heat source for high-end cooking in hotels and restaurants.
It is considered important for cooking meat, eel, etc.

Considering the effective use of coal and charcoal or new demand fields, household solid fuel can be used as an auxiliary heat source. There is no A, but added value. The development of new, high-value solid fuels is urgently needed. However, currently commercially available household solid fuels are generally charcoal briquettes and charcoal beans, and some portable and emergency solid fuels include paraffin and wax containing alcohol fuel, but demand is low.

In this way, the technological development of general charcoal briquettes and pea charcoal has progressed considerably, and improvements have been made in terms of ignitability, fire regeneration performance, extinguishing properties, smoke generation, and prevention of bad odors. It is commercially available. To explain in detail about the ignition cutting material briquettes and small charcoal, they generally have a three-layer structure of an ignition agent, an ignition agent, and a main fuel, with an ignition agent layer 2 provided on top of the main fuel layer 1 as shown in FIG. Further, an ignition agent layer 3 is provided adjacent to the ignition agent layer 2. Such a relatively large solid fuel (309-4
000 (J) has improved ignition performance and fire running performance by changing the ignition agent, ignition agent, main fuel composition, blending ratio, etc., and has considerably improved combustion characteristics (exhaust gas characteristics), especially in the early stage of combustion. A large amount of carbon monoxide is generated (during start-up). This is a problem caused by slow ignition and fire-spinning performance. Additionally, since coal is the main fuel, it has poor ignitability and a large heat capacity per block. When discussing such combustion characteristics, it is important to evaluate them in conjunction with combustion equipment. Currently available combustion devices on the market include charcoal stoves, braziers, anchors, etc.

In the same way that charcoal has been improved, briquette stoves have also been improved, and the characteristics of combustion equipment such as secondary combustion types and lightweight types have also been improved.

Based on the above, the drawbacks of conventional solid fuels such as briquettes and pea charcoal are listed as follows.

(1) The heat capacity per block of charcoal briquettes and small charcoal is large, and the ignitability cannot be said to be sufficient.

@) It takes a long time to become usable.

(3) After ignition, it may go out.

(4) Smoke and bad odor are generated when ignited.

(6) A large amount of harmful gases, especially carbon oxide and sulfur dioxide, are generated during the initial and final stages of combustion.

(6) If the weight per piece is large, the heat capacity will also be large, and the combustion temperature will inevitably become high. Therefore, the combustion ash fuses to the stove, and the shape of the stove changes, deteriorating the exhaust gas characteristics and making the stove unusable. This includes alkali metals and alkaline earth metals in coal and silica in stove components.
This is because alumina reacts at high temperatures and forms a spinel structure.

The present invention aims to improve the above-mentioned drawbacks and provide a new solid fuel that is lightweight and has excellent ignitability.

That is, the present invention involves molding at least two or more kinds of belt-shaped bodies having different compositions, combining them, re-shaping, and solidifying them. FIG. 2 shows a typical shape of a solid fuel according to the present invention. 4 has the property of (a) large heat capacity, 0)) average particle size or (C) difficult to ignite, and 6 has (a) small heat capacity, 0:)) average particle size i or (C) easy to ignite. have a property.

More specifically, the main component of the strip-shaped or rod-shaped molded body is a carbonaceous material, and examples of the carbonaceous material used include coal, coke, charcoal, raw ash, graphite, and petroleum carbon. These carbonaceous fuels and binders and, if necessary, desulfurization agents,
Contains auxiliary ingredients such as combustion accelerators and molding aids.

As a binder, commonly used pitch, tar, french, molasses, valve drainage, cement, glue, lime, water glass, gypsum 9.11 powder, carboxymethylcellulose (aMe), etc. are used. Desulfurization agents include calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide,
Magnesium carbonate, etc. are used, combustion accelerators (also called oxidizing agents) are potassium nitrate, barium nitrate, potassium perchlorate, magnesium oxide, iron oxide, aluminum powder, manganese oxide, etc., and forming aids are bentonite and Merck.

Clay, kaolin, etc. can be used.As for the auxiliary components such as a desulfurizing agent, a combustion accelerator, and a molding aid, any commonly used auxiliary components other than those mentioned above can be used.

Next, the configurations of two kinds of strips or rods having different compositions, which are important points of the present invention, will be explained. here,
At least two types of band or rod components having different compositions have a mutually large heat capacity.

Small, ■) Large or small average particle size, (C) Difficult or easy to ignite. This improves the aforementioned drawbacks such as ignitability, fireability, and combustibility.
There are two important factors. More specifically, large and small heat capacities (a) can be distinguished by using particles with different apparent specific gravity, such as coal powder and charcoal powder of the same particle size. (2) Large and small average particle size refers to, for example, when the same coal is used, those that have been coarsely ground and those that have been ground into powder. Whether (C) is difficult or easy to ignite can be distinguished by, for example, the high or low ignition temperature, the above examples (a), (b), or the presence or absence of a combustion accelerator. Furthermore, another factor that improves initial combustion characteristics such as ignitability and fireability is not to use charcoal briquettes or small charcoal, which have a large heat capacity, but to form them into a shape with a small apparent density and packing density. is important.

On the other hand, as a method for obtaining the shape shown in Fig. 2, for example, a binder is added to a carbonaceous material that is difficult to ignite, and the mixture (1) and the easily ignitable carbonaceous material (1) are kneaded. Similarly, using the mixed wire mixture (11) to which a binder was added and kneaded, (1) was first filled into a molding mold, and after preliminary pressurization, (11) was further filled on top of it, and the main molding was carried out. However, a similar molded body can be obtained. However, (1) If the main molding pressure is small, the adhesion strength between the (+) and Ql) surfaces is weak and they peel easily.

(...) When the main molding pressure is large, the adhesion strength between (i) and (11) is strong, but the apparent density of the molded product becomes large,
Poor ignitability.

[) If the main molding pressure of CI) is low and the adhesion strength is increased by increasing the content of the binder, the desired product can be obtained, but the generation of bad odor and smoke will be large. Therefore, the solid fuel that is lightweight and has excellent ignitability, which is the object of the present invention, cannot be obtained.

It is also possible to mold the kneaded mixed wire material, but in the case of such pre-mixing, at least 20% by weight or more (preferably 30% by weight or more) should be used to particularly improve ignitability.
It is difficult to improve ignitability unless a carbonaceous material that is easily ignited is included.

Next, the present invention will be explained based on examples.

One of the belt-shaped bodies or rod-shaped bodies 4 constituting the solid fuel shown in FIG. After kneading, it was molded using an extrusion molding machine. The other strip or rod-shaped body 6 is also made by adding a binder and an appropriate amount of water sufficient for molding to pulverized and classified charcoal powder in the same manner as in 4, kneading, and molding. The bodies are either combined in an unsolidified state, or simultaneously fed to an extrusion molding machine, pressure molding machine, etc., and re-formed into pellets and solidified to produce a solid fuel as shown in the figure. Solid fuel produced by such a method 1. By remolding, it becomes a single molded object, uniformly,
Heterogeneous fault structure, i.e. <a> structure with large and small heat capacity,
[Yes]) Large average particle size, small structure, 0 <c> Has a two-layer structure that is difficult to ignite, easy to ignite, or a multi-layer structure that is a combination of these.〇 As mentioned above,
If the main fuel, binder, and auxiliary components such as combustion accelerators, desulfurization agents, and molding aids that are added as necessary are simply kneaded using a kneader, etc., it is not possible to uniformly disperse the various materials. For example, if the combustion accelerator or desulfurization agent added as needed is not added in an amount greater than necessary, the effect of the addition cannot be maximized. However, in the present invention, at least two types of molded bodies with different compositions are remolded to form a single product.
Because it obtains individual solid fuel, in the next molding, uniform diversification can be improved, and the solid solid fuel is uniform or uneven or uneven. The ignitability, fireability, and combustion characteristics can be improved. Particularly, when a molded article has continuous layers of uniform or non-uniform layered bodies on both sides of the molded article, various properties such as ignitability are significantly improved.

In this way, the present invention can provide a new type of solid fuel that has not been seen before.

Furthermore, it is important that the solid fuel of the present invention is lighter in weight than conventional charcoal briquettes and pea charcoal, has a lower apparent density, and has a lower packing density when burned. The weight per solid fuel molded body is 0.2 to 60q, the apparent density is 1.1 g/cc or less, and the packing density is 0.8 g/a.
It can be said that solid fuels that satisfy c or less are preferable.

To give an overview of the ignitability, fireability, and combustibility of the solid fuel of the present invention, the solid fuel is first heated by an external heat source.
Layer 6, the ignited file layer, is ignited and layer 6 begins to burn. At this time, layer 4 is gradually heated by the combustion of layer 6, heat is propagated from layer 6 to layer 4, and layer 4 is also ignited.
The entire solid fuel is then combusted. At this time, the combustion temperature is low during heat propagation from the external heat source to layer 4 through layer 6;
A large amount of unburned exhaust gas, especially carbon oxide, is generated. Smooth heat propagation processes, that is, improved ignitability and fireability, are important not only for improving exhaust gas characteristics, but also for expanding applications into new fields in the future as a heat source for high-speed cooking and high-speed heating. 2- This is a factor, and the solid fuel of the present invention satisfies the purpose, use, etc.

Next, in order to obtain a solid fuel with excellent ignitability and tinderability, the blending ratio of layers 4 and 6 must be adjusted as described in (a) above.

Conditions (b) and (0) or a combination thereof are also important. In particular, household solid fuels can be broadly divided into heating and cooking, and consideration must be given to matching them with combustion equipment. For heating purposes, it is necessary to use a solid fuel that not only has good ignitability and tinder resistance, but also has a high calorie content (strong thermal power). On the other hand, when used for cooking, it is preferable to use a type that has the same ignitability and fireability as those used for heating, and is relatively low in calories (relatively low in heating power).

The above-mentioned high calorie and low calorie mean not only calorific value but also
Combustion time is also important, and should be considered as a general standard for short-time combustion (for heating) and long-time combustion (for cooking), but depending on the purpose of use, short-time combustion (for cooking), Table 1 shows examples of preferred blending ratios since the ratio must be 0 or more, which requires flexibility so that it can be used as a solid fuel for long-term combustion (for heating). (M) and (■) may be under the same conditions, but (Q) represents an auxiliary component such as a combustion accelerator, a desulfurizing agent, and a forming aid.

The blending ratio is expressed in weight % after drying.

In Table 1, "B" indicates a material with a large heat capacity and average particle size and difficult to ignitability, and "B" indicates a material with a small heat capacity and average particle size and easy ignitability.

A specific example will be explained below.

Example 1 Table 2 Table 2 shows the compositions (mu) and min) in the crosstalk machine, respectively.
After cross-mixing, a sheet-like strip (A) is produced using an extrusion molding machine equipped with a 1010 x 60 extrusion nozzle.

Depending on the ratio, the ingredients are blended as shown in Table 3 and remolded. At this time (
The method of supplying the materials (mm) and 俤) was to insert them individually into the extruder supply port. The remolding method uses an extrusion molding machine with an extrusion nozzle diameter of 10 mm, and after remolding, it is solidified in a drying oven (120° C.) to produce solid fuel.

The shape of the solid fuel obtained by the above method is shown in Figure 2 (
a), Φ) or small) 0 In Table 3, ■ indicates a mixture of solid fuels obtained by remolding BS molded bodies, that is, a solid fuel consisting of (I+V).

Table 3 Solid fuel reshaped by the above manufacturing method with a length of 10~2o
After adjusting to wx range, weigh 2oOq and use the following combustion method to ignite, fire characteristics, combustion characteristics (exhaust gas, combustion time)
was measured. The ignition and fire characteristics were measured using two ignition methods, the gas flame method and the ignition agent method, and the combustion characteristics were determined by the ignition agent method.

First, to explain the gas flame method, the ignition time of the solid fuel was determined by measuring the ignition time using the device shown in Figure 3 using a city gas table stove. , ignite with a gas flame for a certain period of time, and after extinguishing the gas flame, burn for at least 10 minutes, and the gas flame heating time is the ignition and fire rotation time. In Fig. 3, 6 indicates the gas staple stove body. and a diameter of 1001al is located at a distance of 7Qa from the top surface of the burner 7.
A cylindrical solid fuel tray 8 with a height of 3 QjEl is installed, the lower surface of the tray 8 is made up of 6 mesh wire mesh 9, and the tray is evenly filled with 10 solid fuel. Fig. 4 shows the igniter method. The equipment used is shown below.

Reference numeral 11 indicates the combustor main body, in which a combustion air port 12 (f) is provided at the lower side of the main body, a cylindrical solid fuel tray 13 is installed inside, and the lower surface of the tray is composed of a 6-mesh wire mesh 714. It has a structure in which a groove 16 for installing an ignition agent is provided in the center of the wire mesh.
The ignition agent 16 is placed in the ignition agent 16, and the ignition agent is first ignited using a gas lighter. Immediately after ignition, the solid fuel 17 is poured into the saucer 13.
The ignition/fire characteristics and combustion characteristics are measured by filling the fuel into a container such as Gin. FIG. 6 shows an outline of an exhaust gas measuring device for determining ignition/fire-returning characteristics and combustion characteristics. 19, the exhaust gas measuring vibrator 20 is inserted into the center of the vent, and the exhaust gas (CO2゜Go,
802) is measured.

The ignition/fire characteristics by the igniter method are determined by measuring the 002 (carbon dioxide) concentration in the exhaust gas after ignition, and are expressed as the time until the peak value of the CO2 concentration. An example thereof is shown in FIG.

Below, as combustion characteristics, co2. co, so2
The measurement results each represent a peak value, and the end point of the combustion time was defined as the time up to 0.1%.

Here, the shape and composition of the ignition agent 16 shown in FIG. 6 will be explained. The shape of the igniter used here has an outer diameter of 20511 mm.
1. A cylindrical body with an inner diameter of 10 m and a thickness of 10' MIL, charcoal 6
0 parts by weight of anthracite, 20 parts by weight of anthracite, 10 parts by weight of potassium nitrate, 16 parts by weight of barium nitrate, 3 parts by weight of aluminum powder, and 2 parts by weight of potassium perchlorate.

Setting such combustion conditions, various stemness results are shown in Table 4 (
gas flame method) and Table 6 (igniter method).

Table 4 ○: Burning on the boundary for more than 10 minutes, seeds disappear for 5-10 minutes, ×: 0~
From the results above, it can be seen that the ignitability is good in the order of V)II)Vl)I. V uses charcoal alone and has good ignition and fire characteristics, but the amount of CO generated in the exhaust gas is slightly increased. In particular, ... and ■ have the same composition, but ■ is a surface contact type, and ■ is a point contact type, and the surface contact type of ■ is superior in terms of ignition and tinder characteristics (with a small mixing ratio, ignition and Example 2 The compositions (C) and (D) shown in Table 6 were used, and the ignition and wood turning characteristics and combustion characteristics were measured in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results were reported in Table 8. Table (Gas Flame Method), No. 9
Each method is shown in the table (igniter method).

Table 6 Table 7 *Mixed type Table 8 Table 2 The results shown in Table 9 and above also showed that, similar to Example 1, the ignition and fire-running characteristics were improved. In addition, there was a difference between n and v (mixtures) in the igniter method, and the solid fuel containing V was extinguished.

Example 3 Using the compositions (IE) and (F)t- shown in Table 10, they were remolded to Example 1 at the blending ratio shown in Table 11, and dried and solidified. The ignition/fire characteristics and combustion characteristics were also measured in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 12 (gas flame method) and Table 1.
They are shown in Table 3 (igniter method).

Table 10 Table 11 Table 4 Table 12 Table 13 From the above results, the products to which a combustion accelerator was added were particularly effective for ignition.
The heating characteristics have been significantly improved. Also, when comparing ■ and V, the ignition and fire-running characteristics were similarly improved.

Example 4 Using a CMC solution concentration of 6% in the composition IC) and (F) of Example 3, the width and (force) were combined in the same manner as in Example 1, and after pre-pressing, rolling was carried out. Outer diameter 30
m! It was molded into the shape shown in FIG. 2e, cut into lengths of 3QIl using piano wire, and then dried and solidified.

The ignition/fire characteristics and combustion characteristics of solid fuels having the blending ratios shown in Table 14 were measured in the same manner as in Example 1, and are shown in Table 16 (gas flame method) and Table 16 (igniter method), respectively.

(The following is a blank space) 6 Table 14 Table 16 Table 16 From the above results, those using the easily ignitable strip had significantly improved ignition and fire-running characteristics.

Example 6 Width 10MM and length 10oJ made of the same composition as Example 4
The strips (K) and CF) of LLB were combined, and after pressure molding, a molded body with a thickness of 1QIIB was formed, and with piano wire it was shaped into a shape as shown in Fig. The above blending ratio is shown in Table 17, and the characteristics are shown in Table 18 (gas flame method) and Table 19 (igniter method).

8 Table 17'', Table 18, Table 19 From the above results, those using a belt-like material that is easy to ignite have excellent ignition and fire-running characteristics.

As is clear from the above results, the solid fuel according to the present invention can significantly improve the ignition and fire-running characteristics, as well as the combustion characteristics and
In particular, the amount of CO generated can also be relatively reduced by improving the ignition and fire regeneration characteristics. Although not described in detail in the embodiments of the present invention, a solid fuel made by combining three or four types of band-shaped bodies can similarly improve the ignition and fire-running characteristics.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 a is an external view of conventional commercially available briquettes, b is a cross-sectional view, and Figure 2
The figure is a perspective view showing the shape of a typical solid fuel according to the present invention, FIG. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a device for measuring ignition and fire-spinning characteristics using a gas flame, which is one of the evaluation methods for solid fuel, and FIG. The figure is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a device that measures the ignition and fire characteristics of igniters, Figure 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a device that measures exhaust gas characteristics, and Figure 6 shows an example of the C02 generation curve using the device shown in Figure 6. show. Figure 1 ra) (b) 21!1 (a) (b) IC)t
d) (g) Figure 3 Figure 14

Claims (1)

[Claims] Method 0 for producing solid fuel, characterized in that the main component is not a carbonaceous material, and at least two or more strip-shaped or rod-shaped compacts having different compositions are combined and re-molded.