JPS5851561B2 - Snow melting and freezing prevention methods on raceway surfaces - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for melting snow and preventing freezing of a raceway surface, etc., and more particularly relates to a method of melting snow and preventing freezing of a raceway surface of a slab track.

It is a well-known phenomenon that train operations are hindered by snow or ice on track surfaces, and various methods have been developed or proposed to prevent this.

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing these various systems, and the outline of each system will be explained below with reference to the same figure.

A is a method called water control, in which hot water is injected onto the track surface from pipelines installed on both sides of the track to erase snow and ice on the track surface, but since it consumes a large amount of water, water sources have to be In addition, it is necessary to treat a large amount of wastewater.

In particular, depending on the quality of the water supply, it is necessary to pay sufficient attention to preventing pollution from wastewater.

b is a method called the snow storage method, and as is clear from the figure, the height of the subgrade concrete on which the track slab is placed is raised to remove the snow on the track surface to the outside of the track surface, and store it in a certain amount. If there is more than 2 m of snow (typically 2 m), snow removal will be required.

C is called the open and wide type, and is used especially in the case of elevated tracks.It consists of only beams and does not have floorboards, and is a method that removes snow on the track surface into the space, but the floorboards have no sound insulation effect at all. Since it is not reliable, it cannot be used in places where noise is a problem.

d is a method called a covered type, in which the entire track is covered with a roof and side walls, but in addition to being quite expensive to construct, it also requires measures to prevent snow that has piled up on the cover from falling (for example, an open space of about 8 m on both sides). In addition, there are problems with the formation of snowdrifts and eight shadows due to continuous tall buildings, and there are also problems with the view for passengers.

Both e and f are called underground construction systems, and are similar to subways or tunnels, so of course construction costs are extremely high, and passengers cannot enjoy a good view.

The present invention is a new system that completely eliminates the drawbacks of the conventional system as described above, and can be summarized as follows.

That is, the present invention provides (a) a warm water pipeline and a return water pipeline connected thereto along the track; (b) the warm water pipeline has a condensing section, a connecting section, and an evaporating section at desired intervals. (c) On the other hand, a groove is provided on the upper surface of the track slab to lay the condensing part (heat dissipation part) of the heat pipe, and (d) the evaporating part of the heat pipe is fixed. Insert the heat pipe into the shell-shaped insertion tube described in (B), store the condensing part of the heat pipe horizontally in the storage groove described in (C), and place the condensing part so as to cover it with a thermal joint. (E) By supplying hot water to the hot water pipeline described in (B), the amount of heat possessed by the hot water can be increased through the heat pipe described in (2) to the thermal joint on the track slab. This is a method for melting snow and preventing freezing of a track surface, characterized in that heat is further transferred to a steel plate, an asphalt layer, or an asphalt concrete layer covering the track surface.

Since the present invention has the above configuration, it has the following features.

That is, although hot water is used, it is not consumed by spraying, so there is no need to consume a large amount of water (see Figure 1 a), and the amount of water discharged is much smaller than that of the watering control method. It is easy to use, and since the water used is only snowmelt water, there is no need to worry about water quality.

In addition, the construction costs are the covered type and underground structure type (Fig. 1 d, e).
, f) does not require a high price, but the cost may be as low as that of the water spray control type, or even less if the water spray control type requires purification of wastewater.

The present invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 2 is a cross-sectional conceptual diagram of a standard slab track, with 1
1 is a track slab, 1' is cement asphalt, 2 is concrete roadbed, 3 is a roadbed or elevated concrete structure, and the broken line above track slab 1 is a vehicle.

The track slab 1 is made of concrete, and is fixed to a roadbed or an elevated concrete structure 3 by cement asphalt 1' and roadbed concrete 2, and a rail (not shown) is fixed to the upper surface thereof by a rail fastening device (not shown).

The raceway surface refers to the upper surface of the track slab 1, or when that surface is covered with another object, such as a steel plate, as described later in the present invention, the upper surface of the object.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing the main parts of the present invention, and 1 is a track slab;
1' is cement asphalt, 2 is roadbed concrete,
3 is a roadbed or an elevated concrete structure, 4 is a hot water pipeline, 5 is hot water flowing within the pipeline, 6 is a shell-shaped insertion pipe that accommodates the evaporation part of a heat pipe (8), and 7 is a rib for fixing the shell-shaped insertion tube 6 (this is not necessary, but is advantageous in the case described later);
Reference numeral 8 denotes a heat pipe, 9, 9', which conveys the heat of the hot water 5 to the iron plate forming the raceway surface (see 9, 9', 9'' below) or to the asphalt layer or asphalt concrete layer if the iron plate is not used. and 9'' are iron plates that hold the heat pipe 8 and cover the raceway surface through a thermal joint (described below) (23).

4 and 5 are an enlarged vertical cross-sectional view and an enlarged cross-sectional view, respectively, of part A in FIG. 8-4
The groove 9 that accommodates the condensation part (having a cylindrical structure) is a steel plate, 23 is a thermal joint, and 22 is an asphalt layer or an asphalt concrete layer.

In order to fix the iron plate 9 (same as 9', 9'') to the track slab 1, it is preferable to use bolts and nuts as shown in FIG. 5 for ease of installation, removal and maintenance.

Here, an outline of the heat pipe will be explained.

A heat pipe is a closed container in which a liquid heat transfer medium is enclosed, and a capillary device (wick) covers the internal surface of the container, and the capillary device directs the condensed vapor to a cold area of the container ( It has the characteristic that it can be transported from the condensing section) to the thermal zone (evaporating section).

To explain the heat pipe in more detail, the heat transfer medium evaporated in the evaporation section is jetted in the form of vapor inside the closed container to the condensation section at the other end where the vapor pressure is low, and the vapor flows through the pipe wall inside the container at the other end. The condensate condenses at the evaporator and transfers heat to the outside through the inner tube wall, after which the condensate returns to the evaporator section by capillary action within the capillary device (structure) and repeats the cycle where it evaporates again.

Most of the steam condenses on the inner tube wall of the container where the vapor pressure is low, so there is no local temperature difference and the inner tube wall of the container has a uniform temperature.

Furthermore, a capillary device (
By using a heat pipe (structure), the installation (posture) of the heat pipe is independent of the earth's gravity and can be freely selected, and the selection of the heat transfer medium sealed in the container depends on the heat pipe's usage conditions (operating temperature). It is necessary to determine the requirements accordingly.

For general high-temperature use, potassium is suitable in the range of 400 to 800°C, sodium,
Although lithium is said to be suitable at temperatures of 950 to 1800° C., anhydrous ammonia or Freon is used as the heat transport medium in the present invention since it is a heat pipe for low temperatures.

FIG. 6 shows an example of a heat pipe used in the present invention, in which 8-1 is an evaporating section, 8-3 is a condensing section, and 8-2 is a connecting section connecting both parts. BB cross section) is shown in FIG.

FIG. 7 6-4 is a wick.

The heat pipe used in the present invention transmits heat dissipated in the condensing section to the upper iron plate (Fig. 3, 9, 9', 9''), or if no iron plate is used, to the asphalt layer or asphalt concrete layer. It is preferable to make it flat as shown in the figure.

Also, Figure 8 shows the shell-shaped insertion pipe 6 to the hot water pipeline 4.
3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line C-C in FIG. 3 showing how it is attached, 5 is hot water, and 7 is a rib for fixing the shell-shaped insertion tube 6.

In the figure, ribs 7 are used to securely fix the shell-shaped insertion tube 6 to the hot water pipeline 4, but the point is that the shell-shaped insertion tube 6 only needs to be securely fixed to the hot water pipeline 4. However, ribs are not an essential component.

As shown in the figure, it is preferable for the shell-shaped insertion tube 6 to have an inclination of about 15° or more in the longitudinal direction of the hot water pipeline 4 with respect to the vertical cross section of the pipeline. It is convenient to be able to increase the amount of heat received by increasing the length of the

Although there is no strict limit to the upper limit of the inclination, it is appropriate to set it to about 75 degrees from the viewpoint of construction problems and the difficulty of replacing the heat pipe.

FIG. 9 is a plan view showing the divided structure of the iron plate that holds the heat pipe via the thermal joint 23 and covers the raceway surface, and the iron plate is located at the rail position 9-1 and at the rail fastening device position 9-2.
It is divided into 9.9' and 9''.

Figure 10 is a perspective view showing the entire track to which the method of the present invention is applied, with the left side showing the completed state (fixing nuts for iron plates 9.9' and 9'' are not shown), and the right side showing the state before the heat pipes are installed. The state (the front is the track slab as it is, the rear is with the iron plate installed) (the return water pipe is not shown in both figures).

The numbers in the figure are the same as those in Figures 1 to 9, but
10 is a rail, 11 is a rail fastening device, and rail position 9
-1. The iron plate is 9,9 at the rail fastening device position 9-2.
You can clearly see that it is divided into ', 9''.

Next, the present invention will be explained mainly from the operational aspect.

Hot water is generally supplied from hot water production equipment such as hot water boilers, but if the hot water temperature and geographical conditions are appropriate, geothermal water or hot waste water from power plants or other factories can be used. is also possible.

However, in the case of geothermal water, special attention must be paid to the water quality.

The water temperature is appropriately selected based on economical conditions depending on conditions such as the amount of snowfall and temperature, but the range is approximately 40 to 100°C.

This will be explained below with reference to Figures 3.4, 5, 6 and 7.

The hot water 5 supplied to the hot water pipeline 4 as described above heats the evaporation section (Fig. 6, 8-1) of the heat pipe 8 inserted into the pipe via the shell-shaped insertion pipe 6. death,
A heat transfer medium, such as anhydrous ammonia, enclosed within the heat pipe is evaporated.

The use of a shell-shaped insertion tube here has a slightly lower heat transfer efficiency than directly immersing the evaporation section of the heat pipe in hot water, but it allows other sections to be activated when replacing the heat pipe. This is because it has the advantage of being interchangeable.

Now, the heat transfer medium evaporated as described above is transferred to the connecting part (
The liquid passes through the condensing section (Fig. 6, 8-3) through the condensing section (Fig. 6, 8-3), radiates heat and liquefies, and this liquid is returned to the evaporation section by the wick (Fig. 4, 5゜1, 8-4). Return to

The heat radiated in the condensing section is transferred to the thermal joint (4th and 5th
(Fig. 23) through the raceway iron plate (Fig. 3, 4.5, 9,
9', 9'') or, if a steel plate is not used, it is transmitted to the asphalt layer or asphalt concrete layer 22, and melts snow and ice on the steel plate or asphalt layer.

Naturally, snow and ice on the rail 10 and between the iron plates 9, 9', and 9'' are also melted at the same time.

The thermal joint (Figs. 4 and 5, 23) is used to store the condensing part of the heat pipe 8 by laying it in the groove 1" (Fig. 5) in the track slab 1 and holding it down with iron plates 9.9' and 9". It serves as a backing to prevent rattling and also to transfer heat from the condensing part of the heat pipe to the steel plate, so a hard mud-like material with good thermal conductivity is suitable. Examples include grease, silicone grease, and graphite mixed layer 23.

When using iron plates, the iron plates 9, 9/, 9// are exposed to outside air, wind and rain, so for example, Nippon Steel C0R-
Weathering steel plates such as TEN steel are preferred.

Note that the hot water pipeline (Fig. 3, 4), heat pipe connection part (Fig. 6, 8-2), etc. are not shown in the diagram, but they are designed to prevent unnecessary heat radiation by using insulation materials for the purpose of heat retention. Of course, it is desirable to do so.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing an embodiment of the water supply and drainage according to the present invention that uses geothermal water. Water and geothermal water from the geothermal water well 21 is heated by the hot water production equipment 20 and sent to the hot water main pipeline 14, from which it is branched as appropriate and passed through the hot water intermediate tank 15 and along the track 16. Installed hot water pipeline 4
guided by.

As already explained in detail, this hot flowing water gives heat to the raceway surface to melt the snow and ice on the raceway surface via the heat pipe, lowers its temperature, and returns water to the return water pipe 17 provided along the track.
Return to

This return water passes through an appropriate number of return water pipe pipelines 19, is collected in a return water tank 18, and is then reused as hot water by the hot water production equipment 20 depending on economic efficiency.

If the hot water from the geothermal water well 12 has a sufficient amount and temperature, it is returned to the separate geothermal water well 21 and used again as geothermal water, or depending on the case, it is disposed of appropriately.

The temperature of the geothermal water obtained from the geothermal water well 12 is high (if sufficient steam is obtained, it is natural that only the turbine condensed hot water after generating electricity using this steam will be used as hot water). It is about.

As described above, the present invention has a relatively low construction cost, there is no problem of securing a large water source or wastewater treatment, and it can ensure the same sound insulation effect and passenger view as standard-structured tracks. This method eliminates all the shortcomings of conventional snow melting and anti-freezing methods, and its contribution to industry is enormous.

It goes without saying that a similar method could be adopted not only for track surfaces but also for general roads, and in this case it is desirable to use striped steel plates as road surface steel plates to prevent slipping. is a matter of course.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing various conventional systems, Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional conceptual diagram of a standard slab track, Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the main part of the present invention, and Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of part A in Fig. 3. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of part A in FIG. 3, FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an example of the heat pipe used in the present invention, FIG. 7 is an enlarged sectional view of FIG. 6-13-B, Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C in Figure 3 showing how the shell-shaped insertion pipe is attached to the hot water supply pipeline;
The figure is a plan view showing the divided structure of the iron plate covering the raceway surface, FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing the entire track in which the method of the present invention is adopted, and FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of the water supply and drainage according to the present invention. FIG.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. (a) A warm water pipeline and a return water pipeline connected thereto are provided along the track, and 0) The hot water pipeline is provided with condensing sections,
A shell-shaped insertion tube for housing the evaporation part of a heat pipe having a connecting part and an evaporation part is fixed, and (c) a groove is formed on the upper surface of the track slab to lay and store the condensation part (heat dissipation part) of the heat pipe. (b) inserting the evaporating part of the heat pipe into the shell-shaped insertion tube described in (b), storing the condensing part of the heat pipe by laying it in the storage groove described in (c); By supplying hot water to the hot water pipeline described in (e) and (b), the amount of heat possessed by the hot water can be increased through the heat pipe described in (2). A method for melting snow and preventing freezing of a track surface, characterized in that heat is transferred through a thermal joint on a track slab to a steel plate, an asphalt layer, or an asphalt concrete layer covering the track surface. 2. The patented method characterized in that the heat pipe condensing section has a flat shape. 3. The shell-shaped insertion tube that accommodates the heat pipe evaporation section has an inclination of 15 degrees or more in the longitudinal direction of the hot water pipeline with respect to the vertical cross section of the hot water pipeline. The method according to scope 1 or 2.