JPS585152B2 - ratchet driver - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a ratchet driver in which the screw driving direction can be arbitrarily switched to the right or left.

A ratchet driver can tighten or loosen a screw by repeatedly applying rotational torque in only one direction, but the direction of the screwdriver is opposite when tightening or loosening a screw. can be,
Furthermore, since the screwing directions for right-handed screws and left-handed screws are opposite, conventionally there has been an inconvenience that ratchet drivers for right-handed and left-handed screwdrivers must be prepared, respectively.

The present invention was made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and its purpose is to provide a ratchet driver that allows the screwdriver direction to be arbitrarily switched to the right or left with a simple operation. It is something.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained based on the drawings.

An embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 1 to 5. To explain this, 1 is an operating shaft, and one end 1a of this operating shaft 1 has a As shown in Fig. 2, a screwdriver tool attachment part 2 is provided, which has a square hole 2a and an annular groove 2b surrounding the square hole 2a. are elastically inserted so as not to come off, and the rotational torque from the operating shaft 1 is transmitted to a screw (not shown) via a screwdriver tool A.

Further, the solid shaft portion 1c of the operating shaft 1 is provided with normal and reverse ratchet pawls 3 and 4 that transmit forward and reverse torques, respectively.

As shown in FIG. 3, the normal ratchet pawl 3 is integrally attached to the support arm 5a at an interval of 120° in the circumferential direction on the outer periphery of the cylindrical body 5 that is engaged with the solid shaft portion 1c of the operating shaft 1. These support arms 5a each have a claw portion 6b on the outer circumferential surface of the tip.
The base portion 6a of the claw body 6 formed with is pivotally attached, and these claw bodies 6
By tilting the direction connecting the base portion 6a and the claw portion 6b at a predetermined angle in a predetermined direction with respect to the radial direction, rotational torque is transmitted in the forward direction, for example, in the clockwise direction (the direction indicated by the solid line arrow in FIG. 3). However, in the counterclockwise direction (in the direction indicated by the dashed arrow in FIG. 3), the claw portion 6b escapes inward, so that no rotational torque is transmitted.

A compression coil spring 7 is interposed between the cylindrical body 5 and the tip 6c of the claw body 6, and urges the claw body 6 to rotate clockwise as viewed in FIG. are doing.

Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the reverse ratchet pawls 4 are provided with support arms 8a at intervals of 120° in the circumferential direction on the outer circumference of the cylindrical body 8 which is engaged with the solid shaft portion 1c of the operating shaft 1. A base part 9a of a claw body 9 having a claw part 9b formed on the outer circumferential surface of the distal end is pivotally attached to each of these support arm parts 8a. By tilting the direction connecting 9b at a predetermined angle in the direction opposite to the claw body 6 with respect to the radial direction, rotational torque can be applied in the opposite direction, for example, counterclockwise (the direction shown by the solid arrow in FIG. 4). Although it is transmitted,
In the clockwise direction (in the direction indicated by the dashed arrow in FIG. 4), the claw portion 9
By escaping inward, rotational torque is no longer transmitted.

Note that a compression coil spring 10 is interposed between the cylindrical body 8 and the tip 9c of the claw body 9, and is attached to rotate and bias the claw body 9 in the counterclockwise direction as seen in FIG. It is strong.

Furthermore, bearing members 11 and 12 are fitted to both ends 1a and 1b of the operating shaft 1, respectively.

That is, one bearing member 11 has one end 1 of the operating shaft 1.
It is fitted from the small diameter part 1a' formed on the a side to the large diameter part 1a", and the actuating shaft 1 is The other bearing member 12 has its boss portion 12e interlockingly fitted to the other end 1b of the operating shaft 1, and the other end 1b of the operating shaft 1 has an end face. By fixing the washer 13 with the screw 14, it is prevented from being removed from the operating shaft 1.

Further, a grip ring 15 is fitted over the outer peripheries of both the bearing members 11 and 12.

The grip turning element 15 is made of a cylindrical body with a polygonal outer circumferential surface, and its inner circumferential surfaces on both end sides are formed with a large inner diameter, and the large inner diameter parts 15a and 15b are formed at the outer ends of both bearing members 11 and 12. The small inner diameter portion 15c of the grip turning ring 15 is fitted onto the large diameter outer circumferential surfaces 11a and 12a formed on both bearing members 11.
The small-diameter outer circumferential surfaces 11b and 12b formed on the inside of 12 are fitted into each other.

The axial length of the small inner diameter portion 15c of the gripping ring 15 is the same as the step portion 11c formed at the boundary between the large diameter outer circumferential surface 11a and the small diameter outer circumferential surface 11b of the bearing member 11.
By making the interval distance between the stepped portion 12c formed at the boundary between the large-diameter outer circumferential surface 12a and the small-diameter outer circumferential surface 12b of No. 2 a predetermined dimension shorter, the grip turning ring 15 is made shorter by the shortened distance.
can reciprocate within a predetermined range in the axial direction.

Further, the small diameter outer peripheral surface 11b of both the bearing members 11 and 12,
Spring rings 16 and 17 are attached to the circumferential grooves 11d and 12d formed in the grip ring 12b, and these spring rings 16 and 17 are attached to positioning recesses 15d formed at a predetermined interval in the small inner diameter portion 15c of the grip ring 15. , 15e, the range of axial reciprocating movement of the grip ring 15 is determined.

Further, the small diameter inner circumferential surface 15c of the grip ring 15;
Between the two bearing members 11 and 12, internal teeth 18 are provided over the entire circumference and can be selectively engaged with and detached from the iE and reverse ratchet pawls 3 and 4 by reciprocating the gripping ring 15 in the axial direction. There is.

The bearing member 12 also has an outer cylindrical portion 12f that is integrally formed with the boss portion 12e and extends outward in the axial direction. A cap body 19 is attached to cover the screw 14 and the boss portion 12e of the bearing member 12.

In the ratchet driver configured as described above, the state shown in FIG. 1, for example, shows the case where the right-hand screw is tightened or the left-hand screw is loosened.

In this state, the grip ring 15 is moved in the axial direction in the direction of the arrow X as seen in FIG.
8 is engaged with the pawl portion 6b of the pawl body 6 of the normal ratchet pawl 3, and if the grip turning ring 15 in this state is turned clockwise (in the direction shown by arrow Y in FIG. 3), the grip can be turned. The rotational torque of the ring '15 is transmitted to the operating shaft 1 via the internal teeth 18, the pawl body 6 of the positive ratchet pawl 3, and the cylindrical body 5, and
5 and the operating shaft 1 rotate clockwise together with the bearing members 11, 12 and the cap body 19, and tighten the right-hand thread through the screwdriver tool A inserted into the tool mounting portion 2 of the operating shaft 1. will perform an operation or a left-handed screw loosening operation.

In this case, while holding the grip ring 15, turn the third
When turning counterclockwise (in the direction shown by arrow Y' in the figure), the pawl portion 6b of the normal ratchet pawl 3 slides on the inner surface of the internal teeth 18 of the grip turning ring 15, and the grip turning ring 15 rotates the positive ratchet pawl. 3 and the bearing member 11° 12, the operating shaft 1 and the screwdriver tool A do not rotate counterclockwise, and only the rotational torque caused by clockwise rotation of the gripping ring 15 is transmitted to the screw. Ru.

Therefore, by repeatedly turning the grip ring 15 clockwise and counterclockwise, rotational torque can be transmitted in only one direction (clockwise), and a right-handed screw can be tightened or a left-handed screw can be loosened.

Next, to explain the case of tightening a left-hand screw or loosening a right-hand screw using the ratchet driver, the grip ring 15 is moved in the axial direction in the direction of arrow X' as seen in FIG. The inner teeth 18 of the gripping ring 15 are engaged with the pawl portions 9b of the pawl body 8 of the reverse ratchet pawl 4, and the gripping ring 15 in this state is turned counterclockwise in the direction shown by the arrow Z in FIG. 4). Then, the rotational torque of the grip rotation ring 15 is transmitted to the operating shaft 1 via the internal teeth 18, the pawl body 9 of the reverse ratchet pawl 4, and the cylindrical body 8, and the grip rotation ring 15 and the operation shaft 1 are connected to the bearing member. 11, 12, the screwdriver tool A rotates counterclockwise together with the cap body 19 and is inserted into the tool attachment part 2 of the operating shaft 1 to tighten the left-hand screw or loosen the right-hand screw. I will do it.

In this case, while holding the grip ring 15, turn the fourth
When turning clockwise (in the direction shown by arrow Z' in the figure), the pawl portion 8b of the reverse ratchet pawl 4 slides on the inner surface of the internal tooth 18 of the grip turning ring 15, and the grip turning ring 15 rotates the reverse ratchet pawl. 4 and the bearing member 11.12, the operating shaft 1 and the screwdriver tool A do not rotate clockwise, and the screw has a counterclockwise rotation of the gripping ring 15.
Only the rotational torque caused by the rotation is transmitted.

Therefore, by repeatedly turning the grip ring 15 counterclockwise and clockwise, rotational torque can be transmitted in only one direction (counterclockwise), and a left-hand thread can be tightened or a right-hand thread can be loosened.

In the above embodiment, the screwdriver tool A may be prepared in advance in several types to correspond to various types of screws, so that the screwdriver tool A can be used to directly turn the screw. It can be used as an attachment for detachably attaching a commercially available screwdriver or a previously prepared screwdriver to the screwdriver tool A.

Further, the normal and reverse ratchet pawls 3 and 4 are not limited to the above embodiments, but for example, the positive and reverse ratchet pawls 3' shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.

4' is a disc body 2 that is engaged with the solid shaft portion 1c of the operating shaft 1.
The claw portions 20a are each inclined at a predetermined angle in a predetermined direction with respect to the radial direction on a peripheral edge portion of 0.21 mm.

21a are integrally formed to protrude, and these claw portions 20a.

Attach the inner teeth 18 of the gripping ring 15 to 21a, and insert the inner teeth 18 of the gripping ring 15
It is made selectively engageable and detachable by the axial reciprocating operation of the main body shown in FIGS.
The reverse check claws 3// and 41/ are inclined at a predetermined angle in a predetermined direction with respect to the radial direction at the peripheral edge of the disc body 22 and 23 that are engaged with the solid shaft portion 1c of the actuating shaft 1. The plate springs 24 and 25 are provided protrudingly, and the tips thereof are connected to the claw portions 24a and 25.
a, and the internal teeth 18 of the grip ring 15 can be selectively engaged and detached from the claws 24a and 25a by reciprocating the grip ring 15 in the axial direction.
The object of the present invention can be achieved in the same manner as in the embodiment.

Further, FIG. 10 shows another embodiment of the present invention, in which the outer diameter of the large diameter outer circumferential surface 11a of one bearing member 11 is attached to one end of the same ring 15 as the grip. A maximum inner diameter portion 158' having a predetermined larger inner diameter is formed, and the large diameter outer circumferential surface 11a of the bearing member 11 and the grip ring 15 are formed.
An axial movement operating ring 26 is inserted between the maximum inner diameter portion 15a' of the bearing member 11, and a spiral groove 27 formed on the large diameter outer circumferential surface 11a of the bearing member 11 is inserted into the inner circumference of the axial movement operation ring 26. A fitting protrusion 28 is integrally provided, and the maximum inner diameter portion 1 of the grip rotation ring 15 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the axially moving operation ring 26.
A circumferential groove 30 into which a protrusion 29 integrally protruding from 5a' is fitted rotatably in the circumferential direction is formed over the entire circumference, and by reciprocating and rotating the axially movable operation ring 26 around the axis, the protrusion is removed. 28 moves along the spiral groove 27 7, and the axially movable operation ring 26 and the grip ring 15 reciprocate within a predetermined range in the axial direction in the X direction or in the X' force direction.
However, similarly to the above, it can be selectively engaged with and disengaged from the forward and reverse ratchet pawls 3 and 4.

In this case, unless the axially moving operation ring 26 is rotated around the axis, the grip ring 15 will not be moved in the axial direction due to the screw pressing force or the like during a screwdriver operation.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 10, parts corresponding to those in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the explanation thereof will be omitted.

The present invention has been described in detail above, and an operating shaft having a screwdriver tool mounting portion at one end is provided with normal and reverse ratchet pawls for transmitting torque in the normal and reverse directions, respectively, and the operating shaft is Bearing members are fitted to both ends, and a grip ring is fitted over the outer periphery of both bearing members to enable reciprocating movement within a predetermined range in the axial direction. Since internal teeth are provided that can be selectively engaged and disengaged from the pressure and reverse ratchet claws by reciprocating the grip ring in the axial direction, the grip ring can be moved back and forth in the axial direction. The internal teeth can be selectively engaged and disengaged from the normal and reverse ratchet pawls, allowing the screwdriver direction to be arbitrarily switched to the right or left.
There is no need to prepare ratchet drivers for right-hand and left-hand turns as in the past, and there is an advantage that it is possible to flexibly respond to tightening and loosening operations for right-hand and left-hand screws.

[BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS] FIGS. 1 to 5 show an embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional side view, and FIGS. The nn line, ■-■ line, IV-IV line and ■-
6 and 7 are sectional views corresponding to FIGS. 3 and 4 showing other embodiments of the present invention, and FIGS. 8 and 9 are sectional views taken along the lines respectively. Third example
FIG. 10 is a sectional view corresponding to FIG. 4, and FIG. 10 is a sectional view corresponding to FIG. 1 showing still another embodiment of the present invention. 1... Operating shaft, 1a, 1b... Both ends of the operating shaft, 2... Screwdriver tool attachment part, 3,
4...Forward, reverse ratchet pawl, 11.12...
...Bearing member, 15...Grip rotation ring, 18.
...Inner teeth, 19...Cap body, A...
...Screwdriver tool.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An operating shaft having a screwdriver tool mounting portion at one end is provided with forward and reverse ratchet pawls for transmitting forward and reverse torque, respectively, and bearing members are fitted to both ends of the operating shaft, respectively. A grip ring is fitted over the outer periphery of both bearing members and is capable of reciprocating within a predetermined range in the axial direction. A ratchet driver characterized in that the forward and reverse ratchet pawls are provided with internal teeth that can be selectively engaged and disengaged.