JPS58501443A - Inverted microscope with transmitted and/or epi-illumination - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] The present invention relates to an inverted microscope with transmitted illumination and/or epi-illumination. relates to an inverted microscope capable of performing a combination of transmitted and epi-illumination.

Microscope based on Le Chatelier's configuration, the so-called "inverse" "Inverted" or "inverted" microscopes are already known. That is, Rhine's printed matter, [ Um Gekertes Aufricht Mikloskop Rhino Epifelt (Um gekehrtes Aufricht-Mikroskop LEITZ E PllRT)j (Inventory number 111.520.036b, June 1978) Inside, an inverted microscope for examining the microscope with epi-illumination is described and illustrated. The main body of the microscope consists of a pedestal having an objective lens revolver attached to the top surface, and the pedestal. a carrying platform assembled vertically to the top and equipped with a vertically adjustable loading table; A binocular prism container is attached to the support base, and a lamp can be attached to the front of the base. It is made up of a house.

West German Utility Model No. 7628471 has already introduced a light with an inverted structure. A scientific microscope has become known, which consists of a [U]-shaped body; A binocular prism container is attached to the single leg of the [U] shape, and the mounting surface of the container is is provided at the same height as the loading table, and another rUJ-shaped leg A transmissive illumination device whose position can be adjusted vertically is attached to the section so as to be tiltable.

The objective lens revolver is located between the 1-Uj-shaped legs and held in a fixed position. It is placed in a position that allows it to be displaced relative to the loading table.

In addition, Zeiss (Jena)'s printed matter ``Terapal (AVAL) j (IV 114) -48A 29/166/69 9830), the transmitted illumination inverted microscope y1 mirror was made public. As we know, the rL1-shaped body of the microscope is an objective mounted on the force side. Consists of a pedestal with a lens revolver and a vertical carrier mounted on the other side At this time, the holding device for the binocular prism container and illumination device is attached to the top surface of the carrier. It is. The loading table is arranged on a carrier so that it can be adjusted up and down.

In addition, Reiheld's printed matter ``BIOVERT'' J (23, 11 1, BIOVERT K I-II D 4/71) K-yori transmitted illumination inverted microscope has become publicly known, and the microscope consists of a small rectangular parallelepiped body fixed to a base plate, a photographic binocular eyepiece tube is disposed on the closed top surface of the main body; The mounting surface of this eyepiece tube is approximately at the same height as the surface of the object table.

Finally, Olympus's printed matter [Olympus Inverted Tissue Culture] Microscope IMT (OLYMPUS Inverted Ti5su eCu1ture Microscope IMT)J (M35E-676 According to B), the fundamental concept of Kirinari is the form of the well-known W4 imitation mirror as already mentioned above. Devices are known which largely correspond to the above.

These known inverted microscopes possess all of the following drawbacks in combination or individually: There is.

(1) In the working position, the observer should unfold the plane of the specimen or object being examined using a microscope. Due to the desired geometry of the device according to known construction principles, for example (al Depending on the placement of the binocular prism container (Olympus, Line), b) Arrangement of the photographic auxiliary device (Reicheld) installed in the binocular prism container or C) the holding device of the transmitted illumination device assembled to the carrier depending on the arrangement of the p1 or diffl stand itself (line, Jena) is rejected or at least made difficult by the arrangement of

(2) Directly manipulate the object being examined from the observer's side or perform treatment on the object. There is no possibility to add.

(3) Transmissive illumination device that can illuminate by inserting or tilting Epi-illumination devices that can be attached or attached to the or located relatively close to the object to be examined; This makes daily microscopic work difficult and requires specialized biological preparations. (cultures, etc.) due to the generation of heat. , or the illumination device described above has a side force on the foot of the entire device that is directed toward the observer's force. This allows the observer a free and ergonomically correct speculum position, The position of the speculum in continuous operation is significantly restricted and the object cannot be treated or manipulated. or interfere with the routine operation of the microscope. do.

The object of the invention is to be universally usable and based on a new kind of device concept. Transmitted or epi-illumination or a combination of transmitted and epi-illumination can be performed using The objective is to construct an inverted microscope, which allows the observer in the speculum position to It is possible to Blick the object directly without being hindered. and the object can be directly manipulated or treated directly from the observer's side without obstruction. It is something that makes it possible.

The above object is achieved by a transparent material of the kind stated in the preamble of claim 1 or 2. In an inverted microscope that can perform over-illumination, epi-illumination, and a combination thereof, the following This is achieved in the following way. In other words, the carrier is shaped like a "C" with its legs and protruding arms. Forming a microscope body, the freely open part of this microscope body is open to the observer. Make sure that the condenser or objective lens is aimed at the object. The optical axis of the microscope to be mounted passes through the center of the surface on which the binocular prism container is mounted. This can be achieved by, or the carrier is shaped like a “C” with the platform feet and overhanging platform arms. The freely open part of this microscope body faces the observer. The overhang of the base arm is approximately equal to the overhang of the base foot, and the overhang of the base arm is approximately equal to the overhang of the base foot. The mounting surface is formed as a side mounting surface and is located in front of the platform arm facing the observer's force. The imaging light beam passing through the stand arm passes through the center of the mounting surface. will be accomplished.

In an epi-illuminated inverted microscope of the type described in the upper concept of claim 3, The stated purpose is achieved as follows. In other words, the support stand is made up of the stand legs and the overhanging stand arms. It forms a “C” shaped microscope body, and the freely open part of this microscope body is The binocular prism container is directed toward the viewer, and the overhang of the base arm is less than the overhang of the base foot. The mounting surface is formed as a side mounting surface and faces the front of the platform arm towards the observer's force. The optical axis of the microscope, defined by the objective lens and the object, is This is accomplished by penetrating the center of the binocular prism container. Apart from the above of the present invention The formation of is described in claims 4 to 30.

Some embodiments of the invention are shown diagrammatically in the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. That is, Figure 1a Transmitted illumination mounted with a binocular prism container located within the optical axis or the “C” shape of an inverted microscope capable of epi-illumination and combinations thereof. Side schematic diagram of the main body of Figure 11): The binocular prism container located off the vertical optical axis is mounted on the side mounting surface. "C" is an inverted microscope that can perform transmitted illumination or epi-illumination, and a combination thereof. 1c: Side schematic view of the body in the shape of a ``'', located in the vertical optical axis. binocular prism Schematic side view of the “C” shaped body of an epi-illumination inverted microscope with a container mounted on the side mounting surface. , Figure 2: According to the present invention, it is possible to perform transmitted illumination or epi-illumination and a combination thereof. We show the construction principle and optical configuration of an inverted microscope that can Figure 3: Transmitted illumination with special condenser and first mounting component deformation, Figure 4: The second installation is another variant of transmitted illumination with components, Figures 5a, 5b: Transmitted or epi-illumination with pivotable upper part and An inverted microscope capable of carrying out the combination is shown in two working positions in its structure, Figure 6a: Detailed side schematic view of the components of the fluorescent illumination device arranged inside the pedestal, Figure 6b: A detailed plan view corresponding to Figure 6a with the revolver removed; Figure 6c: shows the insertion adjustment reference body.

FIG. 1a shows a microscope main body G consisting of a support leg F1 and a support T and a support arm A. When viewed from the side, the main body shows the shape of a bent "C".

The freely open and recessed portion Of of the main body G is directed toward the observer B. loading table 26 moves up and down on the carrier T or stand F (see Figure 3) in a manner known to the public. It is well maintained. When the loading table 26 is installed, the microscope body can be placed horizontally. The general appearance seen from above shows an "E" shape.

In FIGS. 1a to 1C, the microscope main body G is located between the carrier table T and the table foot F or the table arm A. Between the individual elements T, F, A of the body G [i j: There is a rounded part or a slight arcuate part or an angle different from 900 It is also possible to Further, the support table T and the base foot F are located in mutually parallel planes. That is not necessarily necessary. However, for ergonomic reasons and especially due to construction (stability) For the reason above), the main body Gi, especially the horizontal pedestal F and the vertical support T, are extended in the horizontal direction. It consists of a base arm A. At this time, the main body Gid is integrated (Fig. 1a, lc) ), or two structural units (F, T+A; see Figures 2 to 4), or It is possible to consist of three building blocks CF, T, A). Also, the carrier T is It is placed on the top surface of the pedestal F (Fig. 4), or part of it is inside the pedestal and part of it is placed on the top surface of the pedestal F (Figure 4). It is also possible to arrange it on the surface of the pedestal. The same thing applies to the support table T and the table arm A. The attachment between also applies to the range.

A fundamentally new idea regarding the arrangement of component parts, as shown in Figures ]a and ]0. The concept is a microscope defined by an objective lens 1 and an object to be examined 3 located in the center. A condenser 2 (Fig. 1a: for inverted transmitted illumination) is placed on the optical axis 4 in a particularly vertical position. variant or variant for an inverted transmitted illumination/epi-illumination combination) may also be located. That is.

The optical center point indicated by 19a is the center point of the image that has reached the binocular prism container 5. Part (Fig. 3) or all (Figs. 2, 4) of the ray bundle - as the case may be - After one more total internal reflection, the first It is a point of reflection. For transmitted illumination or a combination of transmitted illumination and epi-illumination In a simple embodiment of the variant for (Fig. 1a), the following columns (from bottom to top): A binocular prism container 5 is additionally added to the object lens l - speculum object 3 - condenser 2 The binocular prism can be placed at the optical center point 19a of the binocular prism container or placed on top. The center point of the condenser 6 is placed above the condenser 2 along the optical axis 4 of the microscope. Ru.

Figure 1b shows a possible modification in principle, in which the side mounting surface 7 is There are three variants (1a to 10) in which no imaging ray bundle penetrates the center of the area n, ), the binocular prism container 5 is placed above the flat surface of the loading table 26. Then, observer B holds the binocular eyepiece 5 in the most ergonomically suitable position. Once he has taken the image from the microscope Vrc inside or the microscopic object 3 on the specimen table 26. He took turns observing the speculum without changing the speculum position to one that was not convenient for him. It is formed so that it can be used. Moreover, what is especially important is that Mixing of substances by stirring and adding or removing substances from the preparation Select an object, mark the details of the object and directly observe the flow inside the cuvette. During routine research, all preparations should be quickly exchanged to avoid elution phenomena and aqueous solutions. Directly observe the crystallization process inside, and place the prepared container with the same volume on table 3. Operations such as quick positioning can be performed using equipment or manually using pre-parameters. It can also be manipulated by observer B himself from the open part of his human body. Can be carried out without abandoning or changing the engineered settlement position This is what is happening.

Figure 2 shows the variants used in the variants for transmitted illumination and for epi-illumination. The illumination beam path and the imaging beam path are shown schematically. At this time, the optical path Important components for changing the cross section and components for changing the direction of light rays Only the following are shown. In place of the parts shown in the diagram, elements with the same function are provided. Of course, this is also possible. This means, for example, that otherwise similar light (10) line? This is schematically shown in FIGS. 2-4. In Figure 2, from observer B A transmitted illumination unit 27 is placed on the upper part of the support table T or the back part of the table arm A, which is far away. mechanically and/or electrically via a plug-in position 31 remote from the user. It is combined with G. The illumination ray bundle 8 emitted from the dim light source shown is completely A mirror formed as a reflector, located on the vertical optical axis of the microscope and tilted at an angle of 45°. Direction changing element 9vc, abutment fc, It passes through the compact condenser 2 and reaches the object 3 located on the upper surface of the loading table 26. reach The imaging ray bundle starting from the object 3 passes through the objective lens l and then falls off. It passes through a first semi-transparent reflecting mirror 11i for changing the direction of the illumination light path 10. After that, it is formed as a glass prism or perfect reflecting mirror 12a (FIG. 3). The direction of the part indicated by symbol 38 is changed by the second direction changing element 12 which can In the inside of the pedestal F, there is a complete reflection light instead of the glass prism shown in the figure. It can also be a mirror 14a (Fig. 3) or a Ventagrism 14b (Fig. 4). After being changed direction again by the third direction changing element 14, it passes through the carrier T. do. Inside the carrier, there is a semitransparent reflector 24 (Fig. 3) or a fully reflective mirror 16a (Fig. 3). 4), the imaging beam path is folded again. The bending element 18 is oriented in the direction of the fifth direction changing element 18 arranged on the optical axis 4. Ruru. I must point out the following here (11) Vf table 1978- 501443(7) Yes. That is, components 12, 14, and 16 (in Figure 2) 18 is arranged at the only point among the points where the imaging optical path is bent and arranged. , a pentaprism (position 18 in Figure 2, position 14.b in Figure 4) or A combination of reflectors that have the same effect as that of a mirror (sixth and seventh directions in Figure 3) It is necessary to provide conversion elements 20+21)k.

The imaging ray bundle is oriented by 90° in the direction of one optical axis 4, which in the case shown is perpendicular. After the direction change, the light beam is directed to the center of the surface 6 on which the binocular prism container 5 is mounted. , and completely reflected on the large surface sandwiching the right angle of the direction changing prism J9. At center point J19a), it enters the original binocular eyepiece tube after being reflected again on the slope. binocular The eyepiece barrel 5 is equipped with a photographic lens barrel 5ak for photometric evaluation of microscopic photographs or microscopic images. When intending to Instead, ray splitting is performed.

In the inverted microscope variant shown in FIGS. 1b and 10, the deflection element 16 or is 16a or 24'ff: The elapsed imaging ray bundle is The side attachment of the eye prism container 5 passes through the center of the eye prism container 5, and is not shown in the figure. A guide is directed into the binocular eyepiece via the direction changing element.

The epi-illumination light beam is delivered to the microscope body G via a 32-carat gold insertion point that is far away from the observer. mechanically and electrically coupled to (12) The light is emitted from a light source, not shown, which is located within the illumination unit 28. two The lighting units 27 and 28 are mounted interchangeably and are installed, for example, in the west door. As described in Italian Patent Publication No. 2902961, energy can be supplied internally or externally. It is supplied with ghee. The epi-illumination ray bundle 10 is arranged on the optical axis 4 of a first semi-transparent beam. The light is guided through the bright reflector 11i into the objective lens 1 and from there the surface of the object 3. Guided by n,ru.

In the epi-illumination beam bundle 10, a diaphragm (for example, a bright field diaphragm 5) is provided in a manner known per se. 8), an optical element (for example one optical element 59) and an inserted filter ( (not shown) exists. In addition, the first semi-transparent reflecting mirror 11 and the second direction changing element are connected to each other. between the element 12 and the analyzer or interference contrastor. It is also possible that the possibility of insertion is not provided. Similarly, transmitted illumination light beam 8 The filter 8a (see Fig. 2) and the diaphragm and and optical elements (1 not shown) are arranged (-, on the other hand, the components 12, 1 2a.

On the other hand, over the entire imaging beam path located between the components 18, 18a, 20 3, 15 and 17 can be arranged in an appropriate manner. As is clear from Fig. 3, it is necessary to An attached camera 23 can be optically connected on the extension of the image beam path, and in that case, A second semi-transparent element insertable into the nine track instead of the fourth direction changing element I6 or 162 Akira (13) Shooting mirrors 2 and 4 are no longer in use. This may occur at another location, such as the direction changing element 16a. and 18a (1 is obvious, as shown in Fig. 4). In the case of the embodiment, the imaging light beam is formed by a translucent reflector 25 which is arranged so as to be able to rotate. A portion of the screen is reflected inside the projection accessory 22, and a screen plate of the projection accessory 22 aid, as before, the most ergonomically convenient speculum position for observer B. It is possible to look directly and unobstructed without changing the Ru.

Instead of the ray splitting point (position 24 or 25) shown in Figures 3 and 4, A dividing point to be taken out by additional reflection or a dividing point to be added by reflection is provided. It is also possible to For example - as shown in Figure 4, the configuration of a microscope is inverted. If it is designed only as a modification for transmitted illumination, the extension of the imaging beam path 38 is Another camera configuration group (film camera) is installed on the side of the platform F on the opposite side from the observer B. It is possible to install cameras such as cameras, instant development cameras, etc. Furthermore, the carrier T It is possible to provide an optical splitting device for a television camera in the vertical part. death However, in either case, a side-mounted unit (Ansatz module)’z should be strictly avoided for ergonomic reasons. It is.

FIG. 3 shows the removable storage shown in FIGS. 2 and 4. A simple overview of what I have (14) A special capacitor 23 having a numerical aperture of Or, if the load table 26VC is attached, it is fixed to an additional holding device. . Up to this point, component group 5 has been expressed as a binocular prism container. A monocular prism container or a trinocular prism container or a discussion eyepiece (Dis cussionsbrucke) or from which the observation beam path leads to the binocular prism volume. It is also possible to use an intermediate container etc. that goes out in the direction of the container, and it is possible to use any number of containers. The optical center points of the mounting plate and the mounting plate coincide with each other.

As can be seen from FIG. 5a, the new concept of the inverted microscope according to the present invention allows Space is available on a high loading table suitable for preparation containers; It is already l/i from vc: If we do not give up the basic characteristics as mentioned above, What does not exist does not occur. However, preparation containers with extreme methods, such as plastic containers, Herring bottle 3a.

-1-Le V 7 Meyer's Flask-7 (Erlenmeyer flask) ) In order to make it possible to stand or place items on the table even in 3.b etc. As is clear from figures a and 5b, in one device according to the invention, at least the platform arm A is around the axis 29 that coincides with the optical axis of the portion of the imaging beam passing through the holder Ti. It is designed to be able to rotate. In the case shown, the rotating surface is the platform arm A and the carrier platform. It is located at the cutting plane 30 between T. The cut surface was also fixed in position on the microscope body G゛) Rotatable upper part (15) located within the range of the ゛ side part and the carrier T 501443(8), and in this case it is possible to The lower limit W of the part is set at a minute distance from the objective lens 1. The contents listed The upper limit of the dimension is determined by the insertion position 31 of the transmitted illumination unit 27 by the cable 26. It has been decided.

In Figure 5a, there is a difference in principle from the arrangement shown in Figures 2 and 4. Although the basic arrangement with no It shows what was done. Insertion position 31. [is the spacer arm 33 inserted here. The spacing arm possesses a mechanical and electrical linkage similar to that of the transillumination unit 27. Ru. The spacing arm 33 has a special transmission that can be moved up and down in the form of an optical pen. An illumination device 35 is installed, which device includes a light source 37, a light beam redirection element and a clamping device. A screw 36 is used and a second capacitor 34 is disposed in the device. .

Even in the case shown in Figure 5b (modified for transillumination) (from below to above) Column: objective lens 1 - object 3b --- condenser 34 is maintained. young If you want to use this device only to transform it for epi-illumination, you should use a rotatable top. A slight pivoting of the side part is sufficient.

Because in this case V? - capacitor 34 is no longer needed and the capacitor An objective lens 1 acting as 1. This is because

The object 3a or It is completely possible to observe 3bi directly (J6) All normal preparation operations and object treatments can be performed directly by the observer VC. becomes available.

A fluorescent epi-illumination arrangement on the internal VC of the pedestal F can additionally be realized. This is the first This is explained in detail in Figures 6a and 6b.

In Fig. 63F, an objective lens revolver is mounted, and a mounting table 26 is arranged above it. The part of the placed foot F on the viewer's side is shown in a side view. For example, the drive nozzle 44 or the direction of the observer (direction of arrow 39a) K using a grip not shown in the n- The holding device 39 is formed as a drawer that can be pulled out from the base F. Among them, -3n-fluorescent units are formed as structural and functional units. 42 or 43 in the correct position and transition ( In the direction of arrow 41b) means are provided. These means include the drive knob 44 and others. A drive tooth is connected to the drive knob via the shaft 44a' and cooperates with the rack 41a. The rank includes a car 45, and the rank is arranged so as to be movable laterally on a guide rod 46. The housing cage 4] is connected to Vc. The storage holder 41 further includes a At least three dovetail grooves are arranged parallel to the optical axis 4, and the dovetail Cubic fluorescent units 42 and 43 can be inserted into the grooves so that they can be replaced. There is. The T1-1 excitation filter 48 or 49.45° is used for this fluorescent unit. VC inclined arrangement No. 1. dichromatic split reflector 50 or bi and barrier 11 '-,' Ilter 52 (Hotakudan Q 43 Blocking Phil belonging to vC (17) (not shown).

In FIG. 6b, the fluorescent unit 42 is centered on the optical axis 4 of the microscope and adjusted accurately. in position. Accurate positioning of the fluorescent units 42, 43 is possible using a clip not shown. It is realized that the clock stops. As required in multiple fluorescent color technology, Tuned back and forth to a constant wavelength, different fluorescent units are connected to the optical line 10 (and some 4), it means that the retaining device 39 should be inserted in the direction of arrow i9a. This is achieved by pulling the retainer in the direction of this click stop 40.40a’i Equipped with compatible fluorescent cubes for easy and quick replacement Achieved.

The holding device 39 is inserted into the base foot F again from the stand up to the abutting edge 47. This makes it possible to attach the lens to the correct position relative to the optical axis 4 of the microscope. It is guaranteed that this will happen.

A special type that can be inserted into the insertion position 32 instead of the normal epi-illumination unit 28. In order to adjust the fluorescent illumination unit, an insertion adjustment reference body 53 is used. The quasi-body is inserted into one of the dovetail grooves provided in the storage holder 41 so as to be replaceable. Or it can be permanently installed in that position. The insertion adjustment reference body 53 is This is shown in Figure 6C. The outer spatial shape of the insert is the same as the fluorescent unit 42°43. It is the same. vc t i weakening filter 5 instead of excitation filter 48 or 49 5 and instead of a dichromatic segmented reflector 50 or 51 (full) reflection Mirror 56 (18) There is. A rubbed glass plate 54 with a center mark 57 forms the lid on the objective lens side. There is. The illumination light flux emitted from the fluorescent light source 6o and traveling along the axis 10 is bright. After passing through the field diaphragm 58, the bright field diaphragm 58ff: focuses the image on the object 3. It passes through an optical member 59. The lamp filament or arc of light source 60 is centered The image is formed at point 57.1. Ru. The filter 55 that weakens the light may Helps avoid light. Observer B adjusted the light source 60° and pulled out the holding device 39. This is done by directly looking at the glass plate 54 at the correct position and compensating for any lack of adjustment.

For this purpose, first insert the insertion adjustment reference body 53 into the light @ 10 at the defined position. Of course, this is necessary.

The bright spot of the fluorescent light arrangement as shown above on an inverted microscope is %, the object that emits the fluorescent light. If the object is located at a very deep position with respect to the ergonomically convenient speculum position of observer B. It means being under the shelter. In the publicly known inverted microscope (West Germany) Utility Model No. 7628471) Attaching a fluorescent device to an object carrier Although possible, the load table may be placed in very high places depending on the chosen configuration. from an ergonomic point of view for the user. I can't accept it as a solution.

Other known structures of inverted microscopes include one for fluorescence research. Re-equipment for Only this can be achieved. That is, for example, by replacing the object carrier with a complex fluorescent illumination device. And it is necessary to place the loading table higher, which makes it easier to In this case, the adjusted object's position will disappear from the field of view.

All of the above-mentioned drawbacks can be solved by the invention, since the fluorescent illumination part and part of the imaging beam path are This can be avoided by integrating the entire platform into the foot F.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] t (a) objective lens revolver 1 mounted or fitted in J&; (b) a carrier having means for attaching optical components; (c) J  mounted or fitted on the side; It has an eyepiece prism container that can be attached to the lower surface. (fd) a platform arm with a capacitor system that is attached or fitted into the platform; An inverted microscope with over-illuminated and/or epi-illuminated In the microscope, the carrier table (T), together with the table foot (F) and the protruding table arm (A), form a "C"-shaped microscope. forming a microscopic body (G), directed towards observation 1 (B) and (g) a condenser (2, 2a) or an objective lens (1) and an object (3, 5a, 3b); The optical axis (4) of the microscope, defined by Inverted microscope. 2. (A) & mounted or fitted objective lens revolver - 1 (b) carrying stand with means for attaching parts; (c) mounted on the side; The eyepiece prism container 57 L, which can be attached to the lower surface of the eyepiece prism container, has a funda (21) sensor system attached to or fitted into the lower surface. Comprehensive transmitted illumination and and/or in an epi-illuminated inverted microscope; forming a mirror body (G), directed towards the observer (B); (g) the extension of the platform arm (A) being approximately equal to the extension of the platform foot (F゛); (h) The mounting surface of the binocular prism container (5) is formed as a side mounting surface (7). and is provided in front of the stand arm (A) facing the observer (B), so that the imaging light beam passing through the stand arm (A) passes through the center of the mounting surface (see Fig. 1b). ), a transmitted-illumination and/or epi-illumination inverted microscope. 3 (a) mounted or fitted objective lens revolver 1; (b) carrier with means for mounting optical components; (c) side mounting; and (d) a load table attached to the platform foot or carrier. In an upright microscope, (e) the carrier table (T) together with the table foot (F) and the protruding table arm (A) (22) to be directed toward the observer (B); (g) the protrusion of the base arm (A) to be larger than the protrusion of the base foot (F); (h) the mounting surface of the binocular prism container (5) is formed as a side mounting surface (7); The optical axis of the microscope is provided in front of the stand arm (A) facing towards the observer (B) and thus defined by the objective lens (1) and the object (3, 3a, 3b). (4) is characterized by passing through the center of the binocular prism container (5) (Fig. 1c). An epi-illumination inverted microscope. 4. The carrier table (T) and the optical axis (4) are each approximately vertical, and the table feet (F) and the protruding table arm (A) are each approximately horizontal, and the microscope body. (G) looks like a bent “C” when viewed from the side. The inverted microscope described in claims 1 to 3 is characterized in that: Microscope. 5 Instead of the binocular prism container (5) having a mounting surface or side mounting surface (6 or 7), a binocular prism container having a similar mounting surface or side mounting surface (6 or 7) may be used. characterized in that an intermediate container is fitted with means for connecting to the zum container (5). An inverted microscope according to at least one of claims 1 to 4. 6 The light beam (8) for transmitted illumination traveling inside the stand arm (A) is placed on the optical axis (4) of the microscope, and is directed toward the optical axis23). In particular the capacitor via the first deflection element (9) inclined at 45° -(2 or 2a) (FIG. 2) is an inverted microscope according to item 2 and items 4 and 5. The beam bundle (10) for epi-illumination running inside the Z-pedestal (F) is arranged on the optical axis (4) of the microscope and is made of a translucent light beam inclined at an angle of 45° to the optical axis. An inverted microscope according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it is guided to an objective lens (1) via a reflecting mirror (11) (FIG. 2). 8. The imaging ray bundle starting from the object (3, 3a, 5b) is present inside the pedestal (F) after passing through the objective lens (1) and the semi-transparent reflector (11), and Microscope impact on the second direction changing element (12 or 12a) located on the optical axis (4) of the mirror. then, after passing through the first optical member (13), it hits the third deflection element (14 or 14a or 14b), from where the light beam travels along the carrier (T). Then, the fourth direction change existing inside the platform arm (A) passes through the second optical member (15). after passing through the third optical element (17), the surface (6) on which the binocular prism container (5) is mounted and the first direction-changing element (9) into the redirecting prism (19) located in the binocular prism container (5) via a fifth redirecting element (18 or 18a) located on the optical axis (4) between the An inverted microscope according to at least one of claims 1 to 5 (24). 9 Instead of the fifth deflection element (18 or 18a), a sixth deflection element (20) is arranged outside the optical axis (4) of the microscope, and the imaging light flux is directed from said element in the seventh direction. transformation element (21), which transforms the first direction transformation element (9) and '9. It is placed on the optical axis (4) between it and the surface (6) on which the eyelid container (5) is placed and attached, forming an angle of, for example, 67.5° with respect to the optical axis (4). 9. The inverted microscope according to claim 8, characterized in that: (FIG. 3) 10 In the imaging beam path between the first translucent reflector (11) and the binocular prism container (5), means are provided for optically branching a portion of the imaging beam bundle, and For example, separate structural units and functional units such as projection accessories (22), camera accessories (23), etc. Particularly, the means for connecting the positions is arranged on the side or top surface of the microscope body (G). An inverted microscope according to one of claims 1 to 9. 11. The optical branching means comprises at least one translucent reflector (24 or 25), which is additionally tiltable or insertable into the imaging beam path. An inverted microscope according to claim 10, characterized in that: 12. Means for connecting structural units and functional units that can be mounted on the top or side surfaces shall be arranged on the top or side surfaces of the platform arm (A) or carrier (T), and these structural units 45 and their functions. ? The position is in the imaging ray bundle between the fourth direction changing element (16 or 16a) (25) and the direction changing element (18 or 18a or 21) located on the microscope optical axis (4). (FIG. 4) characterized in that it is optically coupled to the beam path of the microscope via a movable semi-transparent mirror (25) as a beam splitter which can be inserted into the microscope. An inverted microscope according to one of claims 10 and 11. 13 The splitting of a portion of the imaging ray bundle is carried out using a semi-transparent reflector (24) which, if no splitting takes place, is connected to a fourth deflection element (16 or 16a) is exchangeably positioned at the intersection of the vertical support (T) and the horizontal support arm (4) (FIG. 3). Claims: The inverted microscope according to one of paragraphs 10 to 12. 14 The splitting of a part of the imaging beam bundle takes place in the region of the carrier (T), in particular between the third and fourth deflection elements (14, 14a, 14b and 16.6a). An inverted microscope according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that: Microscope. 15. An inverted microscope according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the support table (T) is formed integrally with the table arm (A). 16 Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the microscope main body (G) that includes the base leg (F), the support base (T), and the base arm (A) is integrally formed. The inverted microscope described in at least one of the preceding paragraphs. (26) 17 Change the relative distance between the object table (26) and the objective lens (1). An inverted S'Z microscope according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that there is a means for adjusting the angle. 18 A feature characterized in that a transmitted illumination unit that can be inserted is arranged on the base arm (A), and an epi-illumination unit that can be inserted on the base foot (F). An inverted microscope according to at least one of claims 1 to 17. 19. The inverted microscope described in patent item 18, characterized in that the illumination unit is provided with means for supplying energy from within. 20. The inverted microscope according to claim 18, characterized in that the attached illumination unit is provided with means for supplying energy from the outside. 21 In the upper and lower parts of the carrier (T) there are electrical and mechanical connections for installing one illumination unit (27 or 28) in each case, especially behind the carrier far from the observer (B). according to at least one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that mechanical means (61 or 32) are provided (FIG. 2). An inverted microscope. 22 The stand arm (A) is supported so as to be pivotable about one axis (29), which axis coincides with the axis of the imaging beam passing through the carrier stand (T) (5a). , 5b).The inverted microscope according to at least one of claims 1 to 21. 23 The cut plane (60) between the fixed and immovable lower part of the microscope body (G) and the pivotable upper part of the body has a lower limit that is slightly smaller than the objective lens (1). With the load table (26) set at a distance of The inverted microscope according to claim 22, characterized in that the inverted microscope is located within the range of the support base (T) defined by the position (61) into which the light unit (27) is fitted. 24. The loading table (26) is directly held on the pedestal (F) so that it can be adjusted up and down. An inverted microscope according to at least one of claims 1 to 26, characterized in that: (FIG. 6) 25 The patent application is characterized in that the cutting surface (30) is located on the upper surface of the pedestal (F). An inverted microscope according to one of claims 23 and 24. 26. It has a spacing arm (63) in the position (31) where the transmitted illumination unit (27) is inserted, and the transmitted illumination device (35) including the second condenser (34) can be inserted ( 5b)). An inverted microscope according to at least one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that: In particular, the 2Z transmitted illumination device (35) includes a second condenser (34) and a loading table. Means (36) are provided for varying the distance between the The inverted microscope according to claim 26, characterized in that (FIG. 5b). (28) 28 Energy is supplied from within for the light source (67) in the transmitted illumination device (35). Claims 26 and 26 are characterized in that they are provided with means for supplying and the inverted microscope according to at least one of Item 27. 29 A holding device (39) that can be pulled out from the pedestal is installed inside the pedestal (F). The holding device has means (41, 41a, 44, 44a, 45) for receiving and moving the fluorescent unit (42 or 43) formed as a structural and functional unit into the correct position. .46) (Fig. 6b). 30 The fluorescent unit (42 or 46) has a ground glass P plate (54) with a light attenuating filter (55), a reflector (56) and a center mark (57). An insertion adjustment reference body ( 53) and is exchangeably held in a receiving holder (41) which is supported in a (4+b) manner and which moves transversely to the optical axis (4). The inverted microscope according to item 29. Table of reference symbols or reference numbers G Microscope body (T+F+A) δf Freely open (body) part B Observer 2a Special condenser L, 3a, 3b Object 4 Optical axis of the microscope 5 Binocular prism container 5a Photo mirror Tube 6 Mounting surface 7 Side mounting surface 8 Transmitted illumination beam bundle 8a 7 Ilter 9 First direction conversion element 10 Epi-illumination beam beam 11 First translucent reflecting mirror 12 Second direction conversion element (direction conversion prism) 12a Second direction conversion element (reflector) 13 First optical member 14 Third direction conversion element X (direction conversion prism) (60) 14a Third direction conversion element (reflector) i4b Third direction conversion Element (pentap) Rhythm) 15 Second optical member 16 Fourth direction conversion element (direction conversion prism) 16a Fourth direction conversion element ( ゛Reflector) 17 Third optical member 18 Fifth direction conversion element (pentaprism) 18a Fifth direction conversion element (reflector) 18a Fifth direction conversion element (pentaprism) 18a (projection mirror) 19 Direction converting prism in (s) 19 a Optical center point of (5) 20 Sixth direction converting element 21 Seventh direction converting element 22 Projection accessories 22 a Glass plate in (22) 26 Camera accessories 24 Semi-transparent reflector (second branch reflector) 25 Tilting semi-transparent reflector (third branch reflector) 26 Loading table 27 Transmitted illumination unit 28 Epi-illumination unit 29 Base arm (A) Swivel axis 30 Cutting surface 31 Position to fit (27) 32 Position to fit (28) 33 Spacing arm 64 Second condenser 65 Transmitted illumination device 66 Means for changing distance (retention screw) 37 Inside (35) Light source 3 s Imaging light beam in (F) 69 Holding device (drawer) 39a Arrow (direction to pull out (39)) 40, 40a Click stop 41 Accommodation holder 41a Rank 41b Arrow (transition direction of (41)) 42 .43 Fluorescence unit 44 Drive knob 44a axis 45 Drive gear 46 Guide rod 47 Abutting edge 48.49 Excitation filter 50.51 Gychromatic split reflector 52 Blocking filter 53 Insertion adjustment reference body 54 Grinded glass plate 55 Light weakening filter ( Gray filter) 56 Reflector 57 Center mark (32) 58 Bright field diaphragm 59 Optical member 60 Fluorescent light source