JPS58500604A - Light metal electroslab welding method and weld metal forming equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Electroslag welding of light metals method, forming equipment and flux Technical field The present invention is useful for welding manufacturing and for electrolyte of light metals with low density (particularly flux). Tross-slug welding, the forming equipment for carrying out this welding method, and the forming equipment used in this method. Regarding flux.

Background technology The parts to be welded, forming equipment, and electrodes are installed continuously with the desired gap. Electroslag welding of light metals is known in the art (USSR inventor's certificate). Application No. 764,902). After this installation, flux is added to the gap between the ends to be welded. filled, the electrode end is extended over the flux surface, and a slag pool is formed. It will be done. Next, the welding current is switched on. Slag pool volume increases As the bottom of the slagsol lowers, a new part of the electrode is exposed. be dissolved. In the welding process, the electrode is melted from top to bottom, while the melting result of the electrode The resulting liquid metal and slagsol are retained within the interstices. Complete dissolution of the electrode and after melting the ends of the parts to be welded, the welding current is turned off. The metal solidifies within the gap; A weld is formed.

The equipment for carrying out this method includes a side mold, a container provided above the end to be welded, and A container is provided below the end. The upper container has side molds and It is defined by a bar provided on the contact member. The lower container has side molds and Defined by a par provided under the welding member. The lower container contains flux and and a tray for holding the weld pool in the gap.

Welds obtained by the prior art method using this device have incomplete degassing of the weld metal. The performance characteristics are not high enough because of all the components. In addition, when using the above device, the slug plug This prevents adjustment of the rules.

Halide-based fluxes containing the following components (wt%) are available in the industry: Known for (U.S. Pat. No. 3,585,343): Potassium chloride 45 Sodium chloride 27 Cryolite (3NaF’AAF3) 22 Lithium chloride 6 Is it possible to stably perform the rectroslag welding method with the above flux? The oxide film on the welded part can be sufficiently reduced. However, the welding process The welded part obtained using the above flux is porous, reedy, and contains a large amount of gas. However, the mechanical properties of the welded joint are therefore significantly reduced.

Disclosure of invention It is an object of the invention to Monitoring the composition and structure of weld metal by varying flux quality electrolysis of light metals that can enable The purpose of the present invention is to provide a slag welding method, forming equipment, and flux.

The above-mentioned purpose is to connect the parts to be welded, the forming device, and the electrodes to form a desired gap between the parts. provide and continuously install, flux fill the gap, and slag pool. The electrode and the welded end are then melted to form a metal pool and this metal Used to accumulate and maintain the pool in a liquid state and fill the weld gap with liquid metal. Electroslag welding of light metals, consisting of using liquid metal and then solidifying the liquid metal In the process, a metal pool is accumulated outside the gap above the welded end, and Filling the electrode with liquid metal to strengthen the welding area characterized in that it takes place after the melting and accumulation of a metal pool in the amount necessary to fill the gaps This is accomplished by electroslag welding of light metals.

According to the method of the present invention, a metal pool is formed outside the gap above the end to be welded. Substantially complete degassing and purification of the welded metal results in improved performance characteristics. .

Metal pool (・3 It is recommended to additionally spray inert gas.

A modification of the method allows the degassing step to be intensified.

Suitably the inert gas is argon. This modification of the method is the most economical. It is.

Addition of substances to the metal pool that form complex compounds with harmful impurities that do not dissolve in the metal. It can be introduced into

A variation of the above method removes harmful impurities from the liquid metal before filling the gap with the liquid metal. You can remove things.

015 to 0.5 weight as a substance that forms a metal-insoluble complex compound with harmful impurities It is recommended to use % calcium.

According to a modification of the above method, harmful impurities of iron can be removed from liquid metal. Ru.

0.1 to 1.5 weight as a substance that forms a metal-insoluble complex compound with harmful impurities It is appropriate to use % magnesium.

A modification of the above method allows the removal of harmful silicon impurities from liquid metals. Ru.

In addition, the above-mentioned purposes include the mold, the container provided above the end of the welded object, and the In the molding device equipped with a container provided below the end, the mold further includes: comprising a porous member and having a stepped longitudinal groove forming a support platform; The porous member is disposed on the support platform and together with the groove. A sealed recess is formed, and a container provided above the end to be welded further contains an internal container. and a connecting member for connecting the external terminal and the internal terminal, and the welded end The container provided below is further provided with a transverse bulkhead. This is accomplished by a molding device.

The apparatus of the present invention allows the weld metal to be substantially completely degassed and purified. It becomes possible to carry out the welding method. Furthermore, the device of the present invention can also be used to produce cislagnol. is easier to form.

It is recommended that the metal connecting member be constructed from a low melting point metal.

This modification allows automatic regulation of the cislagnol formation process.

This modification results in a weld having the same composition as the welded part.

The metal connecting member can be made of a metal containing the same alloy component as the metal to be welded.

This modification allows for further alloying of the weld metal.

It is recommended that the content of each alloy component be calculated using the following formula.

where Lj is the content of the alloy component in the connecting member; Lw is the content of the alloy component in the weld. (tIA; I’wm is the content of alloying elements in the welded material (4) is; Le is the content of alloy components in the electrode (4); vw is the volume of the weld (CTL3) is the volume of the connecting member (CTL3); γ is the volume of the welded metal in the weld metal. This is the percentage of the material used.

Advantageously, the connecting member is constructed from a refractory material with high electrical resistivity.

This modification enhances the cislag pool formation process and adds additional metal pools. Heat is ensured.

It is most economical to use graphite as a refractory material with high electrical resistivity.

It is recommended that the partition wall be constructed of a low melting point material.

This modification simplifies the final step of the process.

The same metal to be welded can be used as the low melting point material.

This modification makes it possible to obtain a weld with a minimum content of dull cine.

It is recommended that the bulkhead be composed of a material that reacts with the slag.

This modification can enhance the final step of the process.

It is economical to use Dynas brick as the material that reacts with the slag.

It is preferable that the bulkhead be constructed of refractory material and provided with slots for mounting the electrodes. This is the case.

This modification predetermines the repeated use of the partition wall.

It is economical to use graphite as a refractory.

In addition, the aforementioned purpose is that the halide-based flux produced by this expression is Achieved by containing stone, barium fluoride and alkali metal bromide be done.

The stability of the flux process of the present invention is improved, resulting in improved weld joint strength. Improved performance characteristics.

Advantageously, the flux contains the following proportions (% by weight) of components: Barium fluoride 65.0-75.0 Cryolite 15.0-25.0 Alkali metal bromide 5.0-10.0 Edges to be welded by flux with the above composition It is possible to improve the chemical activity against the oxide film present in the oxide film.

Most suitably, sodium bromide is used as the alkali metal bromide.

This modification makes it possible to strengthen the destruction process of the silicon oxide film.

Brief description of the drawing The invention will be further described by a detailed description of the best mode embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings. .

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the initial stage of the welding method of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an intermediate stage of the welding method of the present invention, FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the final stage of the welding method of the present invention, FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the molding apparatus of the present invention.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Welding of aluminum specimens was carried out. For this purpose, test piece 1 is placed with gap 2. It was then placed on a support. After this, the forming device is installed on the part to be welded, and the electrode 3 is attached. Installed. The electrode 3 was placed along the axis of the gap 2 between the ends of the test piece 1 to be welded. . Next, the gap 2 is filled with flux 4. The molding device and electrode 3 are connected to different power sources. The slag pool 5 is formed by connecting the slag pool 5 to the slag pool 5. After forming the slag pool 5, welding current Turn on the switch and start the welding process (Figures 1 to 3).

The ends of the welding electrode 3 and the test piece 1 are melted, and the droplets of molten metal 6 have a larger density. As a result, a metal pool 7 is formed on the slag surface, and this metal pool 7 is formed on the slag surface. The pool is kept in a liquid state outside the gap 2 above the parts to be welded. metal pool 7 can be blown with argon or helium. argon and helium It is also possible to use mixtures of.

The metal pool 7 is accumulated in an amount necessary to fill the gap 2, taking into consideration the reinforcement of the weld. After that, the slag pool 5 is moved outside the gap 2. While it was empty like this The gap 2 is filled with liquid metal from the metal pool 7. This liquid metal is solidified temporary weld metal. Forms genus 8.

The forming device prepared in the welding process described above is used to form the support platform 11. A stepped longitudinal groove 10 is provided. For example, on the support platform 11 A porous member 12 made of activated carbon is attached. The porous member 12 is supported by a support plate. In fixing to the platform 11, the longitudinal direction sealed within the sides of the mold 9. A depression is formed. This depression allows gas to be released from the gap in the welding process. I can do it. The height of the mold 9 is determined by the height of the part 1 and depends on the thickness of the part. Not done. The forming device includes a container 13 (accumulation chamber) provided above the end to be welded and a A container 14 (receiver) is provided below the recording end. The wall of the storage chamber 13 is made of cast iron. It is formed by a mold 9 and a graphite bar 15. The bar is mounted on member 1. It will be done. The bar 15 is provided with terminals 16,17. Internal terminal 17 is connected to connecting member 18 are connected to each other by. The connecting member 18 is made of the same metal as the metal to be welded. (Figure 4).

This metal, which is the same as the metal to be welded, can additionally contain alloying elements. . The content of each alloy component is calculated from the following formula: In the formula, Lj is the alloy content (4) in the connecting member; Lw is the alloy content in the weld. I'wm is the content of alloying elements in the welded material (A); Le is the alloy component content (4) in the electrode; vw is the volume of the weld (cIrL) ■ is the volume of the connecting member (CIn3); γ is the welded gold in the weld metal This is the proportion of the genus.

When calculating, it is necessary to take into account the loss of alloy components during the welding process.

Further, the connecting member 18 is made of a high electrical resistivity refractory material such as tungsten or graphite. can be achieved.

A cover 19 is provided in the storage chamber 13, and this cover contains flux and metal. Opening 2 of the reservoir for supplying gas for forming a protective atmosphere on the surface of the sol 7 0 is set. In order to supply the slacks 4, a supply hole-e- is attached to the cover 19. 21 can be provided. The supply hopper 21 is provided with an electromagnetic shutter 23 It has an outlet conduit 22 which can be opened.

The shutter coil is connected to a power source (not shown) by a switch 24.

The wall of the container 14 provided below the parts to be welded has a mold 9 and a graphite run-off. play) (rum=offplate) 25. of said container The tray 26 is made of graphite. The receiver has a transverse bulkhead 27 that divides the cavity into two parts. have.

The partition wall 27 may be made of a low melting point material, for example, the same metal as the metal to be welded. I can do it. Using materials like dynas brick or fireclay that react with the slag Rukoto can.

The partition wall 27 can also be made of a refractory material, such as graphite. In this case, the partition wall 27 is provided with a slot for mounting the electrode 3.

In order to carry out the method of the invention, cryolite, barium fluoride and alkali metal odors are used. A halide-based flux containing halides in the following proportions (wt%): is used: Barium fluoride 65.0-75.0 Cryolite 15.0-25.0 Alkali metal bromide 5.0-10.0 Normal alkali metal bromide Although metal bromides can be used, sodium bromide is most effective.

The forming apparatus operates as follows. If this device is made of aluminum, for example After being attached to the workpiece 1 to be welded, the plate electrode 3 is inserted into the slot provided in the partition wall 27. It is introduced into the gap 2 between the test pieces 1 to be welded. Internal terminal of bar 15 of storage chamber 13 A connecting member 18 made of a refractory material such as graphite is fixed to 17 .

The welding gap 2 and the capacity of the accumulation chamber 13 are filled with a solid film from the supply hole /''-21. Lux 4 is filled.

The flux 4 fills the storage chamber 13 so that the connecting member 18 has 7 laminae on all its sides. Surrounded by Tux 4.

7 The contacts of the switch 24 of the shutter 23 are closed, i.e. the shutter 23 is closed. The electromagnetic coil is connected to a power source (not shown) so that the outlet conductor of the feed hopper 21 Tube 22 is closed.

A welding current power source (not shown) is connected to the external terminal 16 of the bar 15.

The current flowing along the graphite connecting member 18 overheats the connecting member 18, causing the overheated connecting member to The member melts the slack in the cavity in the storage chamber 13, i.e. group is formed. The liquid metal of the molten electrode is in a slag pool with a high density. A metal pool 7 is formed.

Since the connecting member 18 is made of a low melting point material (aluminum in some cases), , the molten metal of the connecting member mixes with the metal pool 7.

The moment when the connecting member melts (measured from the change in the scale of the ammeter and voltmeter), The heat circuit is cut and the welding circuit is connected.

A protective medium is formed on the surface of the metal pool. This is provided on the cover 19. Supplying inert gas to the storage chamber from the opening 2o or the supply hopper 21 It will be done in good time.

After the electrode 3 melts below the level of the bulkhead 27, the slag pool enters the receiver 14. , the metal pool 7 enters the gap between the members 1 to be welded.

When using the partition wall 27 made of the same material as the material to be welded, the 7 latches in the gap After the slag is completely melted, the bulkhead is melted by the heat of the slag pool, and the gold on the bulkhead is melted. The slag mixes with the metal sol 7 in the gap 2, and the slag pool 5 enters the receiver 14) It's crowded. Partition wall 2 made of a substance that reacts with the slag after the flux in the gap is completely melted 7, the material of said partition 27 reacts with the liquid slug 5, so that the partition 27 is destroyed. The material of the bulkhead 27 enters the slag pool 5). The device mentioned above Similar to the modified mode of operation, the slag pool 5 is then drained from the metal pool 7 in the gap. Replaced by liquid metal.

The present invention will be further explained using examples.

Example 1 An aluminum test piece with a cross section of 10100×100 was welded. The gap between the parts to be welded is It was installed as 65 Ho. After this, the molding device and electrodes were attached.

The connecting member of the storage chamber of the forming device was made of aluminum.

The bulkhead of the receiver of the molding device was made of graphite and had an opening for receiving the electrode.

A flux with the following composition (by weight) was supplied to the gap between the ends to be welded: Barium fluoride 65.0 Cryolite 25.0 Sodium bromide 10.0 After the slag sole is formed, the electrode melts and the welded end melts, causing the metal to melt. A sol was formed.

Welding was carried out under the following conditions: Welding current = 6.0 kA No-load voltage = 34. OV Welding voltage = 30. OV The metal pool was accumulated in an accumulation chamber on the welded end and maintained in a liquid state. Said After the pool has accumulated 700-750 crrL3, the slagsol is transferred from the gap to the receiver. The liquid metal is transferred to the metal and replaced with liquid metal, which forms the weld during the solidification process. It was done.

Example 2 Aluminum specimens with a cross section of 100xlOO+++m were welded. Between the parts to be welded It was installed with a gap of 60mm.

After this, the molding device and electrodes were attached.

The connecting member of the storage chamber of the forming device was made of an alloy of aluminum and magnesium.

The receiver bulkhead of the forming device was made of Dynas brick.

A flux with the following composition (wt%) was supplied to the gap between the ends of the parts to be welded: Sodium bromide 5.0 After the slag pool is formed, melting of the electrode and the welded end occurs, resulting in slag pool formation. Rugs and metal pools were formed. A metal pool builds up on the welded end and the liquid maintained in physical condition. The metal pool was sprayed with argon.

After the metal pool has accumulated and all the flux provided in the gap has melted , the bulkhead material of the receiver reacted with the slag. As a result of this reaction, the septum is destroyed and the slurry The metal in the metal pool moved into the gap.

Welding was carried out under the following conditions: Welding current = 5, OkA Welding voltage = 2’7. OV As a result of welding, a weld containing 6.5% Mg was formed.

Example 3 A magnesium test piece with a cross section of 80 x 90 mm was welded. Gap between parts to be welded It was installed as 55zm. After this, attach the molding device and the magnesium electrode. I got it.

The connecting member of the storage chamber was made of graphite.

The bulkhead of the receiver of the forming equipment was made of magnesium.Frack with the following composition (wt%) The gas was supplied into the gap between the ends to be welded: Magnesium fluoride 700 Cryolite 22.0 Sodium bromide 8.0 After a slag pool is formed, melting of the electrode and melting of the ends occurs, resulting in gold A genus pool was formed.

Welding was performed under the following conditions: Welding current = 6.5 kA Welding voltage = 28. OV As a result of welding, a weld was obtained. Welding time was 14 minutes.

Mechanical tests revealed that the ultimate strength of the weld metals obtained in Examples 1 to 3 was It was proven that the ultimate strength of the genus was 0.85 or higher.

Having shown and described specific embodiments of the invention, various modifications thereof may be made. Embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the invention therefore encompasses the disclosed embodiments or The spirit of the invention is defined in the claims, but not limited to those details. and deviations from those embodiments may be made within range.

Industrial applicability Electroslag welding methods, forming equipment and fluxes for light metals are more tightly packed than slag. Used for welding light metals with small degrees of strength.

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Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. The parts to be welded, the forming device, and the electrodes are connected in a continuous manner with the required gap between the parts. The gap is filled with 7 lac to form a slag pool and the electrodes and and the ends to be welded to form a metal pool, and the metal pool is stored in a liquid state. It is used as a reservoir to hold, hold and fill the weld gap with liquid metal, and then In the electroslag welding process for light metals, which consists of solidifying the metal, a metal pool is accumulated outside the gap above the workpiece and into the gap. liquid metal filling of the electrode and the ends of the member, taking into account the reinforcement of the weld. to be carried out after the completion of melting and accumulation of the metal pool in the amount necessary to fill the said gap. Characteristic electroslag welding method for light metals. 2. An inert gas is additionally blown onto the metal pool. A method according to claim 1. 3. According to claim 2, wherein the inert gas is argon. the method of. 4. Substances that form metal-insoluble complex compounds with harmful impurities can additionally form metal pools. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the method is implemented in a system. 5. Substances that form metal-insoluble complex compounds with harmful impurities are 0.15 to 0.5 5. A method according to claim 4, characterized in that it is calcium by weight. 6 0.1 to 15% by weight of substances that form metal-insoluble complex compounds with harmful impurities 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the magnesium is magnesium. 7. A mold, a container provided above the welded material, and a container provided below the welded material. In a forming device for electroslag welding of light metals, the container is used as a container, the mold is (9) further comprises a porous member (12) and a support platform (11). The support platform (11) has a stepped longitudinal groove (10) forming the supporting platform (11). ) on which the porous member (12) is arranged to form a sealed recess together with the groove (10). and the container (13) provided above the member to be welded has an external terminal. (16), an internal terminal (17) and a connecting member ( 18), and the container (18) provided below the member to be welded. 14) is a light metal electric wire further comprising a transverse bulkhead (27). Forming equipment for loss lag welding. 8. A claim characterized in that the connecting member (27) is made of a low melting point substance. The molding apparatus according to item 7. 9 A claim characterized in that the low melting point substance is the same metal as the metal to be welded. 8. The molding device according to item 8. 10. The connecting member (18) is made of a metal containing the same alloy component as the metal to be welded. The molding apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that: 11 The content of each alloy component in the metal connecting member is expressed by the following formula: formula? -1Lj is the alloy component content in the connecting member ((6); LW is the alloy content in the welded part Gold component content (@: "wm" is the alloy component content in the welded material @); Lo is the alloy component content in the electrode (@); ■A is the volume of the welding area (C1rL) vj is the volume of the connecting member (cm); γ is the volume of the welded metal in the weld metal; according to claim 10, characterized in that it is calculated by: Molding equipment. 12. The connecting member (18) is made of a refractory material with high electrical resistivity. 8. A molding apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that: 13. Claim 1, wherein the high electrical resistivity refractory is graphite. The molding device according to item 2. 14. A claim characterized in that the partition wall (27) is made of a low melting point substance. The molding device according to scope 7. 15. A claim characterized in that the low melting point substance is the same metal as the metal to be welded. The molding apparatus according to item 14. 16. The partition wall (27) is made of a substance that reacts with slag. A molding apparatus according to claim 7. 17. Claim characterized in that the substance that reacts with slag is Dynas brick. The molding apparatus according to item 16. 18 The partition wall (27) is made of a refractory material and an electrode is attached to the partition wall. According to claim 7, the device is provided with a slot for stopping. molding equipment. 19. The composition according to claim 18, wherein the refractory is graphite. shape device. 20.Frack for electroslag welding of light metals based on halide In the US, this flux contains cryolite, barium fluoride and alkali metal bromides. A flux for electroslag welding of light metals, characterized by comprising: 21. The flux has the following proportion (wt%): barium fluoride 65.0- 75.0 Cryolite 15.0-25.0 Alkali metal bromide 5. o-i o,. 21. The flux according to claim 20, which contains: 22 A claim characterized in that the alkali metal bromide is sodium bromide. The flux according to range item 20.