JPS5844716B2 - Reactor pressure reduction device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention gasifies dusty fuel under pressure to produce H2 and Co.
This invention relates to a pressure reduction device for a reactor used in producing a gas containing gas.

The gas can be used directly or after further processing as a fuel gas.
It can be used as a mixture component of synthesis raw material gas, reducing gas, and other gases, especially city gas.

In this case, dusty fuels are defined as lignite and/or coal pulverized to the fineness of dust and pulverized carbon-containing solid residues of coal processing and petroleum refining, as well as correspondingly finely divided solid carbon-containing organic matter of other origins (e.g. wood waste materials, old tires, plastic waste).

Regarding the possible range of fuel types, the gasification of dusty fuels in the form of a flame reaction using an oxygen-containing oxidizing agent has proven particularly advantageous.

When carrying out this type of technique under high pressure, the decompression of hot, high pressure gases from the reactor during shutdowns and emergency situations has proven to be a special technical problem.

The hot gas at a pressure of 20 to 50 bar is passed through a common outlet opening for the feed gas and the liquid slag in the lower part of the reactor, where cooling of the gas can be carried out by water injection or by directing the gas to a gas washer. was suggested.

The first drawback of this solution is that when the burner is empty of dusty fuel, some amount of oxygen reaches the reactor before the oxygen inlet line is closed.

During the proposed depressurization, oxygen-containing gases reach the subsequent equipment parts, where they can become dangerous.

A second drawback of this solution is the closure of the common gas and slag outlet aperture by solidified slag and/or slag accretions and refractory material parts that have dislodged from the reactor wall. The problem lies in the impossibility of gas depressurization using the proposed method.

Devices with branch pipes installed at the burner location of the reactor or at the top of the reactor are notices.

This branch has a closure device and a subsequent quenching section.

The disadvantages of this solution are that it requires constant purging with inert gas to maintain the functionality of the closing device during operation, which increases the expense for the auxiliaries used, especially nitrogen, and reduces the quality of the product, especially the calorific value. This is due to a decline in

Another drawback is that slag build-up or slag projection caused by conditions within the reactor can lead to slag closure of the openings and thus to an adverse effect on the function or a loss of function.

A third disadvantage arises from the fact that the entire apparatus, including the branch pipes, must be constantly cooled with a refrigerant to ensure functionality at the temperatures within the reactor.

This creates an extra demand for cooling water and energy for supplying the cooling water at a pressure that exceeds the pressure within the reactor.

The object of the present invention is to provide a depressurization device for a reactor for the gasification of dusty fuel under high pressure, in order to depressurize the hot gas from the reaction chamber without the negative effects of the slag parts that are splashed and thrown.
It can be carried out without the need for extra inert gas and without extra cooling water and water injection.

The present invention provides that in a dusty fuel gasifier under high pressure, preferably between 5 and 50 bar, the depressurization of the hot gases from the system in the event of a shutdown or emergency situation is necessary for the system itself and its subsequent components. Inert gas and
The challenge is to propose a guaranteed minimum use of refrigerants and auxiliary energy.

This problem is solved by the present invention as follows.

The apparatus consists of a cooling shield which surrounds the entire reaction chamber except where there is a burner and a common discharge opening for the gases and slag generated.

At the back of the cooling shield, through which the cooling water under high pressure flows, there is a cavity, which is followed radially by a brick-clad, pressure-resistant shell, a space containing a refrigerant, preferably cooling water, and a sheet steel shell.

The reaction chamber of the apparatus and the cavity behind the cooling shield are communicated by a gap in the upper part of the apparatus, preferably at the transition between the vertical reactor wall and the vault.

At the back of the cooling shield, preferably at the bottom of the device, there is provided a branch pipe which penetrates the steel plate shell, water jacket, pressure shell and brick cladding from the outside and reaches the cavity on the back of the cooling shield.

This cavity is purged with an inert gas, in particular nitrogen, upon start-up and during operation.

In the solution of the invention, the gas at high temperature and pressure is discharged through the above-mentioned branch pipe, with the gas flowing from the reaction chamber through the gap in the cooling shield into the cavity behind it and on the way from the gap to the branch pipe. It is cooled by a cooling shield back and brick lining, which is lower temperature than gas.

A risk-free depressurization is therefore possible.

In addition, a quench tube for indirect cooling can be followed in a known manner in the solution according to the invention to facilitate the depressurization.

In a further embodiment of the solution according to the invention, the introduction of the inertizing medium for the space behind the cooling shield and the depressurization of the reactor can take place through the same branch.

In this case, the reactor pressure reduction branch pipe is equipped with an inert gas feed pipe and pressure reduction piping.

The present invention will be described with reference to the drawings regarding two embodiments.

The apparatus shown in FIG. 1 includes a burner mounting part 1, a steel plate shell 2, a pressure shell cooling water jacket 3, a pressure shell 4, a brick cladding 5 for protecting the pressure shell, a gap 6 connecting the reaction chamber and the cavity, a cooling shield 7, It consists of a reaction chamber 8, an outlet opening 9 for the common discharge of gas and slag, and a cavity 10 behind the shield.

Branch pipe 11 for supplying inert gas and branch pipe 12 for depressurizing the reactor
and the space 10 between the brick lining 5 and the cooling shield 7 from the outside.
It's up to the point.

Depressurization of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 can be carried out as follows.

When the separate branch pipe 12 is opened, high temperature and pressure gas flows from the reaction chamber 8 through the gap 6 into the cavity 10 behind the cooling shield 7.

On the way from the gap 6 to the branch pipe 12, the gas is cooled by the cooling shield 7 and the brickwork 5, allowing a risk-free depressurization of the gas through the branch pipe 12.

The apparatus shown in FIG. 2 includes a burner mounting part 1, a steel plate shell 2, a pressure shell cooling water jacket 3, a pressure shell 4, a brick cladding 5 for protecting the pressure shell, a gap 6 connecting the reaction chamber and the cavity, a cooling shield 7, It consists of a reaction chamber 8, an opening 9 for the common discharge of gas and slag, and a cavity 10 behind the cooling shield.

A branch pipe 11 leads from the outside to a cavity 10 between the cooling shield 7 and the brickwork 5.

The branch pipe 11 is connected to an inert gas feed pipe 13 and a reactor internal gas pressure reduction pipe 14 .

Depressurization of the apparatus shown in FIG. 2 can be carried out as follows.

After closing the inert gas feed pipe 13, the reactor internal gas pressure reduction pipe 14 is opened.

The following procedure proceeds in the same manner as described with respect to FIG.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a device with a separate vacuum branch, and FIG. 2 shows a device with a shared vacuum and inertization branch. 1... Burner mounting part, 2... Steel plate shell,
3... Water mantle, 4... Pressure resistant shell, 5...
... Brick lining, 6 ... Gap, 7 ... Cooling shield, 8 ... Reaction chamber, 9 ... Outlet, 10 ... ...Vacancy, 11...Branch pipe, 12
... Separate pressure reduction branch pipe, 13 ... Inert gas feed pipe, 14 ... Pressure reduction piping.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 5 to 50 for producing gas containing 1 H2 and CCR
A reactor used in the gasification of dusty fuel in the pressurization of crowbars, consisting of a steel shell, a water jacket, a pressure shell, a brick lining, and a cooling shield with a space between the former and the former. In the lower third of the reactor, a branch pipe 11 is provided for feeding an inertizing medium from the outside of the reactor to the space 10 between the cooling shield 7 and the brick wall 5. 10 is an apparatus characterized in that the upper third of the reactor is connected to a reaction chamber 8 through a gap 6. 2. Branch pipe 11 is installed with optionally separate or combined inert gas inlet 13 and pressure reduction pipe 14 for reactor depressurization Apparatus described in section.