JPS5842675B2 - Eizou Shingo Gousei Houshiki - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a solid-state imaging device using a video signal synthesis method solid-state imaging device that obtains a continuous video signal from a video signal in which the signal is deleted in each horizontal period. On the other hand, if the solid-state image sensor has only half the number of pixels in the vertical direction, it must be converted into a video signal with the required number of scanning lines.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a video signal synthesis method suitable for obtaining a video signal with a required number of scanning lines using an imaging device having only half the number of pixels in the vertical direction compared to the required number of scanning lines. That's true.

According to the present invention, a plurality of nH delayed video signals (n is an integer) are created by delaying an input video signal in which a signal is missing in each horizontal period (hereinafter referred to as H), so that the video signals are adjacent to each other. A video signal synthesis method that takes advantage of the extremely large correlation between matching scanning lines and mixes the video signals between adjacent scanning lines to obtain the video signal of the deleted part. The video signal synthesis method according to the present invention can be broadly classified into the following two methods.

The first method is to obtain a continuous video signal from any two of three types of video signals: an input video signal, an IH delayed video signal, and a mixed video signal of an input video signal and a 2H delayed video signal. It's a method.

The second method is to select one of three types of video signals: a mixed video signal of an input video signal and a 2H delayed video signal, an IH delayed video signal, and a mixed video signal of an iHH delayed video signal and a 3H delayed video signal. This is a method of obtaining a continuous video signal by switching between two video signals every horizontal cycle and every vertical cycle.

By using the video signal synthesis method according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a video signal with twice the number of scanning lines of the continuous input video signal.

In other words, a continuous input video signal (a normal video signal with no signal missing in each horizontal period) is divided by -1/2 for each scanning line.
By time-compressing the video signal to create a video signal with a signal missing every horizontal period, and using the video signal synthesis method of the present invention to obtain a continuous video signal, the number of scanning lines of the input video signal can be doubled. A video signal can be obtained.

This can be used, for example, as a receiving side device of a band compression device.

Next, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

Referring to FIGS. 1 to 4, there is shown the relationship between the scanning line arrangement of the video signal obtained by the first method described above and the vertical element arrangement of the solid-state image sensor as the input video signal source.

In these figures, (a) and (e) show the arrangement of scanning lines in odd and even fields of the combined video signal, respectively.

(b) shows the vertical element arrangement of a solid-state image sensor that obtains input video signals before being synthesized, where the solid line part shows the elements read out in odd fields, and the dotted line part shows the elements read out in even field. There is.

In the element arrangement of the solid-state image sensor, the vertical intervals are set to be equal to each other.

For example, line n
-1), the next IH period is not read (signal missing), and the next IH is set to □ to read the next line (n), 2H
Read the IH period in cycles.

Furthermore, the relationship between reading in odd-numbered fields and reading in even-numbered fields is determined for each of FIGS. 1 to 4.

First, in the video signal synthesis method shown in FIG.
-1, n, n'+'i) n+2...
・It is read in the order of 2H even in an even field.
The IH period drop lines n'=1, '6', 11'11, n'+2, etc. are read out in the order of cycles.

Odd number fee The field and even field are separated by -H.

The cryogenic image signal thus read out is applied to the input terminal 1 of the video signal synthesis apparatus shown in FIG.

This input video signal is delayed by IHH delay means 2 and 2H delay means 3, respectively, to become IH and 2H delayed video signals.

2■ The delayed signal is added to mixer 4 and input video signal (O
H delayed video signal).

The IHH spread signal and the mixed video signal from the mixer 4 are applied to a switch 5, and are switched every horizontal cycle under the control of a switching signal from a switching signal generator 6, resulting in a signal as shown in FIG. 5A. It becomes a continuous video signal.

In FIG. 5, (a) and (b) represent video signals of odd and even fields, respectively, and arrows indicate similar signals in the direction of the arrow when the input video signals have a strong correlation between adjacent scanning lines. It shows that.

Signals n, n', n+1, n"11 in Fig. 5A
is the IHH delay signal from the 1H delay means 2, and the signal (n
-1) +n j (n'-1') 10n', n+(
n+1) tn'+(n'+1) is the mixed video signal from the mixer 4, and for the odd field of t'L(a), (n-1)+n, n, n+(
n-(1) 7n+1.・・・・・・・・・For the even field in (b), ('n”-1)+n',
n', n' ten (n'+1), n'+1.

. . . The IHH spread signal from the IHH spread means 2 and the mixed video signal from the mixer 4 may be selectively switched by the switch 5 and output.

Note that in the method shown in FIG. 1, it is not necessary to supply the input video signal to the switch 5 and to switch it every vertical cycle.

The Tanari method shown in FIG. 2 is exactly the same as the case in FIG. 1 except that the odd and even fields of the input video signal are separated by a distance of H, and the combined video signal is It will look like Figure B.

That is, in the combined signal, there is only a difference between the position n/' with respect to n in FIG. 5A and the position n' with respect to n in FIG. 5B.

The input video signals used in Figures 3 and 4 are opposite to the input video signals of the pigeon lofts in Figures 1 and 2, respectively, and in the combined video signal, either the odd or even field is The video signal is a signal in which the input video signal and the delayed video signal are switched every horizontal period, and the other fields are obtained in exactly the same manner as the method shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

That is, FIG. 5C (a) and FIG. 5B (b) are signals synthesized in the same manner as FIGS. 5A and B.

In Figure 5 C (b) and D (a), the same signal continues for 2H periods, but this is because the first signal is at the same timing as the input video signal (oHH extended signal), and the next signal is the IHH spread video signal from the IHH spread means 2.

A switching signal generator 6 also generates a switching signal for switching each field.

By providing means for switching the methods shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 for each frame, the fidelity of the synthesized video signal can be increased with respect to the element arrangement of the solid-state image sensor.

In other words, in the method shown in Figures 1-4, it is clear from the figure that the even field is shifted up and down by one scanning line between the combined video signal and the vertical element array of the solid-state image sensor. be.

However, by switching the compositing methods shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 at the frame period, it can be expected that the fidelity of the even field video signal with respect to the input video signal will increase.

Here, the methods shown in Figures 1 to 4 are applied to A, B, C, and D, respectively.
It is possible to create a continuous composite video signal in the frame period as follows.

1) AA, AAAA 2) BB, BBBB 3JCC, CCCC 4) DD, DDDD 5) A B, A B A B 6) AC, ACAC 't) B C, B, C, B C 8) A C, B , CA C The first method has been described above, with the mixing ratio of the mixer 4 being 1:1.

However, this mixing ratio is not limited to 1:1.6 In other words, in the case of odd fields in the method shown in Figs. However, in the even field in the method of FIG. 1, the mixing ratio of the input video signal and the 2H delayed video amount is better to be 3:1, and in the even field in the methods of FIG. 2 and FIG. It is clear from the figure that :3 is good.

Next, a second method for obtaining a composite video signal with higher fidelity than the first method will be described.

This......(Figure 1)......(Figure 2)...(Figure 3)...... FIG. 8 shows an embodiment of a video signal synthesis apparatus for the method of (FIG. 4).

As is clear from this figure, the embodiment is almost the same as the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 except that the 3H delay means 14 is added, there are three mixers, and the mixing ratios are different.

FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the element arrangement and the scanning line of the composite video signal in the second method.

Furthermore, the relationship between the odd and even fields of the input video signal in this case is the same as in the case of FIG.

In this method, as can be seen from Figure 1, in odd fields the method is exactly the same as in Figure 1, but in random fields a composite video signal is always obtained from a mixed video signal that is a mixture of two video signals. .

This mixing ratio is switched between 1:3 and 3:1 in horizontal cycles.

Referring to FIG. 8, the input video signal from the input terminal 11 is transmitted to the IH12H and 3H delay means 12, 13 and 14.
and mixers 15 and 16.

The IHH extension means 12 and the IHH extension video signal are switched by the switch 18.
The 2H delay image amount from the 2H delay means 13 is supplied to mixers 15 and 16, and the 3H delay amount from the 3H delay means 14 is supplied to the mixer 11, respectively.

The mixing ratio of the mixer 15 is 1:1, the mixing ratio of the input video signal of the mixer 16 and the 2H delayed video amount is 1:3', and the mixing ratio of the IHH delayed video signal of the mixer 17 and the 3H delayed video amount is 1:3'. The mixing ratio with the video signal is selected to be 3:1.

The mixed video signal from mixer 15 is supplied to switch 18, and the mixed video signals from mixers 16 and 17 are supplied to switch 19.

Switches 18 and 19 are switches that switch in horizontal cycles, and their output video signals are connected to switch 20.

A switch 20 selects between an odd field and an even field.

That is, the video signal from the switch 18 is selected in odd fields, and the video signal from switch 19 is selected in even fields.

The output of the switch 20 becomes a composite video signal and is obtained at the output terminal 21.

The mixing ratio of mixers 15, 16 and 1T can be easily understood from FIG.

Similar results can be obtained even if the configuration shown in FIG. 9 is used as a modification of FIG. 8.

In Fig. 9, compared to Fig. 8, the input video signal and 2
Mixing with H-delayed bone is performed in a mixer 22.

The mixer 22 is externally controlled so that its mixing ratio is 1:1 in odd fields and 1:3 in even fields.

□Other configurations are the same as in the case of FIG.

As mentioned above, the characteristics of each of the embodiments described above are that the method shown in FIG. 7 has higher fidelity than the video signal synthesis methods shown in FIGS. 1 to 4; On the other hand, if the speed is fast, it may appear unnatural.

Therefore, it would be more preferable to provide an image motion detection circuit and use its output to switch between the methods shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 and the method shown in FIG.

Furthermore, according to the study results of the present inventors, among the above-mentioned embodiments, the embodiments shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 (that is, in either the odd or even field, the video signal is
When compared with other embodiments (method in which H-delayed video signals are switched every horizontal period), the overall characteristics of frequency characteristics and fundamental wave reproduction characteristics are good.

The number of vertical lines has a certain relationship with the number of pixels in the vertical direction of the solid-state image sensor, and the video signal obtained from the image sensor of the prototype camera has 121 lines per field, so it is necessary to convert to the standard television format. .

Signals taken out intermittently from the image sensor at 2H cycles were processed by the following method, and the vertical resolution characteristics for the optical image and the reproduced waveform of the fundamental wave component were compared and examined using FIGS. 10 and 11.

(a): IH delay signal insertion method (b): Adjacent line interpolation method (C) 2. The mixed method results of (a) and (b) above, and the vertical resolution characteristics are shown in (a) and ( Method e) is almost the same, method (b) is slightly worse.

On the other hand, looking at the reproduction characteristics of the fundamental wave component, the method (e) is the smoothest, the method (b) shows superimposition of unnecessary low frequency components, and the method (a) partially A decrease in the fundamental wave component is observed.

Therefore, among these three methods, method (e) is considered to be better in terms of overall characteristics of frequency characteristics and reproduced waveform characteristics.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 to 4 are diagrams showing the relationship between scanning lines in the video signal synthesis method according to the present invention, FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the composite video signals obtained by the method shown in FIGS. 1
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a video signal synthesis device for the synthesis method shown in FIGS. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between scanning lines in a combining method according to another embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 8 and 9 are block diagrams of a video signal combining apparatus for the combining method shown in FIG. 10 and 11 are diagrams showing vertical resolution characteristics and reproduction waveform examples of fundamental wave components for explaining the effects of the method of the present invention.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. means for obtaining first and second delayed video signals by respectively delaying the input video signal omitted in each horizontal period by - and two horizontal periods; and means for obtaining first and second delayed video signals; a mixer for mixing the input video signal with the delayed video signal;
and means for obtaining a composite video signal from any two video signals of the first delayed video signal and the output video signal of the mixer, so as to obtain a continuous output video signal. Video signal synthesis method. 2 means for obtaining first, second and third delayed video signals by delaying the input video signal omitted in each horizontal period by -, two and three horizontal periods, respectively; a first mixer that mixes the delayed video signal, a second mixer that mixes the first delayed video signal and the third delayed video signal, and a second mixer that mixes the first delayed video signal and the third delayed video signal; and means for switching any two of the output video signal of the first mixer and the output video signal of the second mixer every horizontal period and every vertical period to obtain a continuous output video signal. A video signal synthesis method characterized by: