JPS5839197B2 - emulsion type fuel - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an improved water-in-oil type (hereinafter referred to as w/o type) emulsion fuel.

By preparing W10 type emulsion fuel and burning it in various combustors, nitrogen oxides (
Numerous attempts have already been made to reduce emissions such as NOx (hereinafter referred to as NOx), soot, and smoke (see
1. Cornet, W.E.

Nero: Ind, Eng, Chem, 47
2133-21411955 E, Valdma
nis D, E, Wulfhorst: 5oc
iety of Automotive Engine
eers, 700736914-17 1970 JP-A-48-74510 JP-A-48-103605 JP-A-49-24204 JP-A-5O-58103).

However, in general, it is difficult to homogeneously mix water in the form of fine particles into hydrocarbon fuel oil to prepare a W10 type emulsion fuel that has emulsion stability that can withstand practical use. This is a very difficult problem because it is easy to cause

As a method to solve this problem, an example has been reported in which a w/o emulsion fuel that is stable for a short period of time (within a few minutes) is produced using only a mechanical method that utilizes the powerful stirring of an ultrasonic emulsifier.

Furthermore, there are many examples in which the emulsifying action of various emulsifiers is utilized by adding them.

However, the conventional W10 type emulsion fuel has poor stability, and the emulsion is easily broken and water separation occurs.

If separated water enters the burner or injection nozzle, the flame will disappear and combustion will become unstable, and in some cases, combustion will be interrupted.This will prevent you from enjoying the inherent effect of w/o emulsion fuel in reducing harmful components in exhaust gas. Furthermore, there were other problems such as the separated water rapidly corroding the metal material and reducing the durability of combustion equipment, so it had not yet reached the stage of practical use.

First, the inventor of the present invention aimed to provide an inexpensive w/o emulsion fuel without using any emulsifier, and moreover, to provide a stable w/o emulsion fuel that can eliminate various existing problems caused by unstable w10 emulsion fuel. The present invention was achieved as a result of intensive research focusing on the various components in fuel oil.

That is, (a) the nickel and vanadium content is 20
Inject and mix (0 water) into a hydrocarbon fuel system containing ppm or more without using any emulsifier through a small diameter pipe so that the mixing ratio is 50:50 to 95:5 by volume. By this, the average particle diameter of water droplets is 0.1 to 50.
A W10 type emulsion fuel of μ was successfully prepared.

Further, among the hydrocarbon fuel oils (a), it is desirable to use a hydrocarbon fuel oil containing asphalt resin of 1.0 weight percent or more.

This fuel is stable for more than 3 days at room temperature and for more than 2 hours even at high temperatures of 70°C, does not cause water separation, is sufficiently stable during the period of combustion, and does not use any emulsifiers, making it economical and practical. It has excellent fuel oil properties and does not cause trouble even when burned continuously for long periods of time in internal or external combustion engines such as actual boilers, heating furnaces, diesel engines, etc., and reduces NOx, smoke, and soot in exhaust gas compared to fuel oil before emulsification. This significantly reduces combustion efficiency and improves combustion efficiency.

The fuel oil used in the present invention is a hydrocarbon fuel oil containing 20 ppm or more of nickel and vanadium, for example, hydrocarbon fuel oil fractionated from crude oil containing large amounts of nickel and vanadium (heavy oil A, heavy oil B, heavy oil C It is effective to use a mixture of a fuel oil containing only 20 ppm or less of nickel and vanadium, and a residual oil containing a large amount of residual oil, as long as it contains 20 ppm or more of nickel and vanadium.

The quantification of nickel and vanadium described here is easy using atomic absorption spectrometry.

It is not clear why a stable W10 type emulsion fuel is obtained when fuel oil containing large amounts of nickel and vanadium is used, but it is probably because high molecular weight porphyrins containing nickel and vanadium as cores stabilize water particles. It is believed that there is.

In order to further improve the emulsion stability of the hydrocarbon fuel of the present invention, it is preferable to use a hydrocarbon fuel oil containing 50 ppm or more of nickel and vanadium.

Further, as the fuel oil used in the present invention, a hydrocarbon fuel oil containing 20 ppm or more of nickel and vanadium and an asphalt resin content of 1.0 weight percent or more, preferably 2.0 weight percent or more, is also very effective.

The asphalt resin component referred to herein is that which is adsorbed to activated alumina in the n-pentane soluble component based on the BM (US Bureau of Mines) method.

The water used in the present invention may be good quality water, waste water or Dirty water can also be used.

In addition, the blending ratio of fuel oil and water is 50:50 to 95:5 by volume when considering combustibility and reduction of the concentration of harmful substances in exhaust gas, especially NOx, smoke, and soot,
More preferably 50:50 to 90:10.

In this case, it is necessary to uniformly contain water in the form of water droplets with an average particle size of 0.1 to 50 μm, but if the average particle size is 50 μm or more, the water droplets tend to aggregate and coalesce, resulting in extremely poor emulsion stability of the W10 emulsion fuel. Also, NO in exhaust gas
The effect of reducing x, smoke, soot, etc. is also reduced.

Preferably it is 0.1-20μ. Next, w10 of the present invention
This is a method for producing type emulsion fuel, and the basic point is that it includes a step of injecting and mixing water into hydrocarbon fuel oil through a small diameter pipe.

For example, water may be injected at high pressure into flowing or agitated hydrocarbon fuel oil through a small diameter pipe, or water may be injected at normal pressure and mixed using a propeller.

In the case of continuous production equipment, the diameter of the small diameter pipe is 115 or less, preferably 1/1 of the cross sectional area of the fuel oil container surrounding the small diameter pipe from the outside near the small diameter pipe exit.
In the case of a batch type, the pipe diameter may be set so that the amount of water per minute is equivalent to the volume of fuel oil, preferably 1/3 or less.

For this small diameter pipe, only the cross-sectional area of the outlet needs to be limited, and its shape, presence or absence of pressurization, accessories, etc. may be changed or added as necessary.

Stable W10 type emulsion fuel cannot be obtained using other methods, such as using a large diameter pipe, injecting oil into water, or mixing and stirring water and oil at the same time.

If this principle is utilized in part of the manufacturing process, the target excellent W10 type emulsion fuel can be obtained in a batch or continuous process.

Note that stirring can be done using an ordinary stirring mixer, and relatively weak stirring with low shear force is sufficient, and there is no need to use power-consuming and noisy high shear force stirring such as an ultrasonic mixer. do not have.

The fuel of the present invention that can satisfy the above conditions is a low-cost and stable W10 type emulsion fuel that does not use an emulsifier, and can be burned in an internal combustion engine or an external combustion engine such as a boiler, heating furnace, or diesel engine. The NOx in the exhaust gas is 20-70% compared to normal fuel, and the smoke concentration is 4.
It was possible to reduce the amount by about 0 to 80%, and even after long-term operation, there were no troubles due to misfires or rust.

It should be noted that there is no problem in using additives such as rust preventive agents, viscosity reducing agents, and combustion accelerators in combination with the present invention as required.

Next, typical examples of the present invention will be shown.

Examples Water is added to the hydrocarbon fuel oil shown in each table under the production conditions shown in each table to obtain W10 type emulsion fuel having the composition shown in each table.

Its physical properties, combustibility, exhaust gas reduction rate, etc. are shown in each table.

As is clear from the above table, the fuel of the present invention exhibits excellent stability, does not cause any trouble even when burned continuously for a long period of time, and can significantly reduce harmful components such as NOx and smoke. did it.

It also caused almost no damage to metals such as iron and copper.

On the other hand, the control surface had extremely poor stability and could not withstand continuous combustion for long periods of time, causing many troubles due to misfires and rust.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. (a) Hydrocarbon fuel oil containing nickel and vanadium of 20 ppm or more, at = = + water, is passed through a small diameter pipe into the system of (a), and the blending ratio thereof is A combustion device prepared by injection and mixing at a volume ratio of 50:50 to 95:5, using no emulsifier at all, and characterized in that the average particle size of water droplets in the internal phase is 0.1 to 50μ. An improved water-in-oil emulsion fuel that reduces nitrogen oxides, soot and smoke emissions. 2. The hydrocarbon fuel oil (a) in claim 1 is
Contains 20 ppm or more of nickel and vanadium,
The emulsion fuel according to claim 1, which is a hydrocarbon fuel oil containing at least 1.0 weight of asphalt resin.