JPS5839196B2 - emulsion fuel - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an improved water-in-oil type (hereinafter referred to as W/0 type) emulsion fuel.

Many attempts have already been made to reduce nitrogen oxides (hereinafter referred to as NOx), soot, smoke, etc. in exhaust gas by preparing W10 type emulsion fuel and burning it at various combustion rates. have been implemented (see, I
, Cornet W, E, Nero: Ind, Eng.
, Chem, 47 2133-2141 1955
E, Valdmanis D,E.

Wulfhorst: 5ociety of Au
tomotive Engineers, 700736
9 14-17 1970 Unexamined Japanese Patent Application 1970-74510
JP-A-48-103605 JP-A-49-24204
JP-A-5O-58103).

However, in general, it is difficult to homogeneously mix water as fine particles into hydrocarbon fuel oil to prepare a w/o emulsion fuel that has emulsion stability that can withstand practical use. This is a very difficult problem because they tend to separate from each other.

As a way to solve this problem, an example has been reported in which W10 type emulsion fuel, which is stable for a short period of time (within a few minutes), was produced using only an advanced method that utilizes the powerful stirring of an ultrasonic emulsifier.

Furthermore, there are many examples in which the emulsifying action of various emulsifiers is utilized by adding them.

However, the conventional W10 type emulsion fuel has poor stability, and the emulsion is easily broken and water separation occurs.

If separated water enters the burner or injection nozzle, the flame will disappear and combustion will become unstable, and in some cases, combustion will be interrupted.This will prevent you from enjoying the inherent effect of w/o emulsion fuel in reducing harmful components in exhaust gas. Furthermore, there were other problems such as the separated water rapidly corroding the metal material and reducing the durability of combustion equipment, so it had not yet reached the stage of practical use.

First of all, the inventor of the present invention aimed to provide an inexpensive w/o emulsion fuel without using any emulsifier, and moreover, to create a stable w/o emulsion that can eliminate various existing problems caused by unstable W/Q emulsion fuel. We set the ideal and extremely difficult goal of obtaining fuel, and as a result of intensive research focusing on various components in fuel oil, we arrived at the present invention.

That is, (a) water is passed through a small-diameter pipe into a hydrocarbon fuel oil system containing a petroleum resin content of 2.0 weight φ or more without using any emulsifier, and the blending ratio is 50% by volume. By pouring and mixing so that the ratio is 50 to 95:5, the average particle size of water droplets is 0.1 to 50μ w/o.
We succeeded in preparing a type emulsion fuel.

Also, of the hydrocarbon fuel oil in (a), the components obtained by subtracting the n-pentane insoluble portion from the n-butanol insoluble portion are 2.
It is desirable to use a hydrocarbon fuel oil containing 0 weight φ or more.

This fuel can be used for more than 2 days at room temperature, and for 2 days at high temperatures of 400℃ or more.
It is stable for more than hours, does not cause water separation, is sufficiently stable during the period of combustion, and does not use any emulsifiers, so it is highly economical and practical. No trouble occurs even when continuously burned for a long period of time in an external combustion engine, and NOx, smoke, and soot in exhaust gas are significantly reduced compared to fuel oil before emulsification, and combustion efficiency is also improved.

The fuel oil used in the present invention has a petroleum resin content of 2.0 weight φ
Hydrocarbon fuel oil containing the above, for example, hydrocarbon fuel oil fractionated from crude oil containing a large amount of petroleum resin (heavy oil A, heavy oil B
It is effective to use a blend of fuel oil containing a petroleum resin content of less than 2.0 wt. Just do it like this.

In addition, if it contains 2.0 weight or more of petroleum resin,
Furthermore, it does not matter whether or not it contains high-molecular-weight asphaltene and low-molecular-weight oil.

The petroleum resin component mentioned here refers to the n-pentane soluble component that is adsorbed to activated alumina based on the BM (American Mineral Formation) method, and asphaltene refers to the n-pentane insoluble component that does not belong to either. is called oil.

In order to further improve the emulsion stability of the hydrocarbon fuel of the present invention, it is preferable to use a hydrocarbon fuel oil containing 5.0 weight or more of petroleum resin.

In addition, the fuel oil used in the present invention contains a petroleum resin component of 2 weight φ or more, and the component obtained by subtracting the n-pentane insoluble portion from the n-butanol insoluble portion is 2.0 weight φ or more, preferably 5.0 weight φ or more. Hydrocarbon fuel oils containing more than 0% by weight are also very effective.

The n-butanol insoluble matter referred to herein is asphaltice produced by the Texaco method, and the n-pentane insoluble matter is asphaltene produced by the BM method.

The component obtained by subtracting asphaltene from the n-butanol insoluble component is a substance that works effectively for emulsification, but since asphaltene does not have a negative effect on emulsification, it does not matter whether it is included in fuel oil or not.

The water used in the present invention may be good quality water, waste water or Dirty water can also be used.

In addition, the blending ratio of fuel oil and water is 50:50 to 95:5 by volume when considering combustibility and reduction of the concentration of harmful substances in exhaust gas, especially NOx, smoke, and soot,
More preferably 50:50 to 90:10.

In this case, water must be uniformly contained as water droplets with an average particle diameter of o, i ~ 50μ, but if the particle size is 50μ or more, the water droplets tend to aggregate and coalesce, resulting in extremely poor emulsion stability of the W10 emulsion fuel. Also, NO in exhaust gas
The effect of reducing x, smoke, soot, etc. is also reduced.

Preferably it is 0.1-20μ. Next, w10 of the present invention
The basic method of producing emulsion fuel is that it includes a step of injecting and mixing water into hydrocarbon fuel oil through a small diameter pipe.

For example, water may be injected at high pressure into flowing or agitated hydrocarbon fuel oil through a small diameter pipe, or water may be injected at normal pressure and mixed using a propeller.

In the case of continuous production equipment, the diameter of the small-diameter pipe is 115 or less, preferably 1/1 of the cross-sectional area of the fuel oil container that encloses the outlet of the small-diameter pipe on the outside near the small-diameter pipe exit.
In the case of a batch type, the pipe diameter may be set so that the amount of water per minute is equivalent to the volume of fuel oil, preferably 1/3 or less.

For this small diameter pipe, only the cross-sectional area of the outlet needs to be limited, and its shape, presence or absence of pressurization, accessories, etc. may be changed or added as necessary.

Stable W10 type emulsion fuel cannot be obtained using other methods, such as using a large diameter pipe, injecting oil into water, or mixing and stirring water and oil at the same time.

If this principle is utilized in part of the manufacturing process, the target excellent W10 type emulsion fuel can be obtained in a batch or continuous process.

Note that stirring can be done using an ordinary stirring mixer, and relatively weak stirring with low shear force is sufficient, whereas it is necessary to use high shear force stirring such as an ultrasonic mixer, which has a large power consumption and noise. Not at all.

The fuel of the present invention that can satisfy the above conditions is a low-cost and stable W10 type emulsion fuel that does not use an emulsifier, and can be burned in an internal combustion engine or an external combustion engine such as a boiler, heating furnace, or diesel engine. Therefore, compared to normal fuel, NOx in exhaust gas is 20 to 70φ, and the smoke concentration is 4
It was possible to reduce the temperature by more than 0 to 80, and even after long-term operation, there were no troubles due to misfires or rust.

It should be noted that there is no problem in using additives such as rust preventive agents, viscosity reducing agents, and combustion accelerators in combination with the present invention as required.

Next, typical examples of the present invention will be shown.

Examples Water is added to the hydrocarbon fuel oil shown in each table under the production conditions shown in each table to obtain a W/0 type emulsion fuel having the composition shown in each table.

Its physical properties, combustibility, exhaust gas reduction rate, etc. are shown in each table.

As is clear from the above table, the fuel of the present invention exhibits excellent stability, does not cause any trouble even when burned continuously for a long period of time, and can significantly reduce harmful components such as NOx and smoke. did it.

It also caused almost no damage to metals such as iron and copper.

On the other hand, the control product had extremely poor stability and could not withstand continuous combustion for long periods of time, causing many troubles due to misfires and rust.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. (a) A hydrocarbon fuel oil containing a petroleum resin content of 2.0 weight φ or more and (b) water are passed through a small-diameter pipe into a system with a mixing ratio of (b) Capacity ratio 50:50 to 95:5
No emulsifier was used, and the average particle size of water droplets in the internal phase was 0.1 to 0.
．． An improved water-in-oil emulsion fuel that reduces nitrogen oxides, soot and smoke emitted from combustion equipment, characterized by a particle diameter of 5μ. 2. The hydrocarbon fuel oil (a) in claim 1 is
The emulsion according to claim 1, which is a hydrocarbon fuel oil containing 2.0 weight or more of a petroleum resin content and 2.0 weight or more of a component excluding n-butanol insoluble content and n-pentane insoluble content. fuel.