JPS5836934B2 - How to graft melons - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] Melons, such as watermelons, melons, and cucumbers, are susceptible to diseases such as slippery mildew caused by soil bacteria.
The grafting method for melons has been carried out since around 1930, about 50 years ago, by grafting onto the script of the strong pest-resistant Kyotai cultivar to control these pests. As shown in the figure, for example, A (73 cutting method, that is, inserting the scion on the side of the rootstock A, and B's splitting method, that is, cutting the lateral central part of the cotyledon of the rootstock A, and inserting it here). A method of inserting a scion cut into a wedge shape and tying it with a fastener Y.

Method C: call connection, that is, a method in which a rooted scion is inserted by making a notch on the side of the script and tied up with a fastener.

Horizontal contact (or horizontal insertion or propeller contact) of D, that is, a method in which a hole is made with a spatula-shaped scalpel at right angles to the stem just below the cotyledon of the script, and the wedge-shaped end of the scion is inserted into this hole.

etc., but in all of these cases, the scion was thin compared to the thickness of the script, and the axillary buds M, ..., located at the boxwood roots of the cotyledons of the script, were still intact, and the scion took root after grafting. However, as shown in Figure 8, side buds of script occur, and if left unchecked, they become a force no different from scions, and these must be removed as early as possible, which is a complicated process. Not only that, but there is also the risk of spreading disease germs through the wound.

In addition, the grafting work itself is troublesome, and the above-mentioned splitting (B),
Call grafting of C requires the use of a fastener Y, which is inconvenient, and although there are advantages and disadvantages to the efficiency of grafting, both require more labor than the present invention, and in addition, split grafting requires the use of a fastener Y, which is inconvenient. The growth of the seedlings is uneven, and the overall efficiency of growing the seedlings is poor.

(Comparative data will be described later) In order to solve these drawbacks, the present inventors have completed the present invention, which solves the conventional drawbacks all at once, as a result of various test studies.

Next, the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to the drawings as examples.

First, referring to the instruments used in the present invention, FIG. 4A shows a knife for cutting rootstock and scion, which uses a single-edged razor blade 6 for convenience, but is not limited to this. You can use any knife as long as it is L-o, B, C,
D is the scalpel 7 of a bamboo spatula; a steel knife with the same structure may also be used, but it should not be rusty and the scalpel tip 7' should always be sharp, so it can be easily scraped. In particular, a bamboo spatula is most suitable because it is used while immersed in boiling water to prevent the spread of disease, and as shown in the drawing, the width of the tip of the spatula T' is varied according to the thickness of the scion. It is better.

Its structure is to shave the bamboo into a spatula-like shape, leaving the outer skin I'', and make the tip thinner, and scrape it off from the inside toward the skin to form the tip 7' of the spatula.

Adjust the tip 7' to match the thickness of the scion as described above (it is best to make it slightly wider than the diameter of the scion): Prepare several types.

Next, we will discuss the preparation of seedlings of scion and scion used in the method of the present invention. Depending on the desired scion and the properties of each crop of scion used for this purpose, for example, watermelon, melon, cucumber, etc.
If white gourd is used as the scion (crop), pumpkin (squash) or watermelon with sagebrush as the scion,
Melons, cucumbers, and white gourds are sown first, and pumpkins and gourds are sown after 3 to 7 days, so that the scions are at least as thick as the originals or slightly thicker.

Next, to describe the condition of the script and scion when grafting, the plant to be used as a script (hereinafter referred to as a script seedling) has leaves that are from the size of a grain of rice to the development of the first true leaf. choose.

On the other hand, the plants to be used as scions (hereinafter referred to as scion seedlings) are those with 0.5 to 1.5 leaves, i.e. those with half of the leaves exposed, and those with one and a half leaves exposed. select, and
The ratio of the thickness of the script and the scion is that if the diameter of the cotyledon stem of the script is 1, then the diameter of the stem below the cotyledon of the scion is between 0.8 and 1.2 (i.e., approximately the same diameter). , somewhat thicker).

(See Figures 1 and 2). Next, the grafting process begins, but before that, the base seedlings are removed from the nursery or nursery pot, or the roots of the base seedlings are cut off (this is called root cutting).

) In this case, by planting the grafted seedlings in suitable soil and cultivating them in a suitable environment, it is possible to mass-produce uniform, high-quality seedlings.

) Leave the stem for 3 to 4 hours before grafting.By doing this, the script will undergo a slight wilting phenomenon and the stem will have elasticity.

Next, we will finally start the grafting process. First, leave a little bit of the bottom of the cotyledon of the scion seedling, and cut one side of the scion parallel to the cotyledon into a wedge shape to a length about 2 to 2.5 times the diameter of the stem. .

On the other hand, horizontally cut off the growing point (true leaf) of the plant body of the slightly withered rootstock used as rootstock, and use a scalpel I such as a bamboo spatula to cut diagonally downward from the boxwood roots of the cotyledons.
Cut the tip of the scalpel to the extent that the tip of the scalpel is slightly visible on one side or both sides of the lower side of the script cotyledon (see M and v in Figure 5 B and B').The ducts in this area are all cut, but the epidermis Y' is Avoid cutting.

Next, immediately insert the prepared scion into the scalpel mark of the rootstock in a direction perpendicular to the position of the cotyledons of the scion, with the wedge-shaped cut surface 3' of the scion as the lower surface, so that the wedge-shaped tip of the scion is To the extent that it is slightly visible from the knife mark on the script, and to the extent that the cutting edge 3" of the scion at the rear end is slightly visible from the rootstock 1.
In addition, the cambium layer of the script and scion are brought into close contact (Fig. 5 C, C
', D reference: The grafting work is completed by this.

The grafted seedlings made as above are placed in a certain container and
If the scion is kept at 5° C. and humid (90 to 100%) and left under the shade for 4 to 5 hours, the scion will easily take root, and it will firmly take root after about 7 hours.

The method of the present invention exhibits the following effects due to the above configuration.

■ During grafting, the script is cut diagonally downward from the boxwood root of the cotyledon using a scalpel of a bamboo spatula, and a scion that is about the same size or somewhat thicker as the script is grafted here, so that the first axillary bud of the script is grafted. Since the original body is completely covered by the joint surface of the scion, there is no generation of script axillary buds, unlike other grafting methods (see Figure 9).
As shown in Fig. 8, the root buds 2'' and 2' germinate and need to be removed (see Figure 8), and there is no need to worry about the spread of diseases.

Also, unlike other grafting methods, there is no damage caused by dense axillary buds, so the scion grows evenly and grows healthily.

■ The present invention has a better survival rate than conventional methods because the treatment is performed when the script is young.

In other words, the thickness of the grafted part of the script and the scion is the same, or the scion is somewhat thicker, so as shown in Figure 7, not only the shape-layers K and K but also the conduits D and D are well joined and strong. It takes root in the trees, grows well, and the fruit clusters form quickly.

In addition, when grafting the scion in this application, if the scion is somewhat thicker than the script and the wedge-shaped tip of the scion is slightly visible, it should be secured by the cut lower side 1' of the script and the outer skin part 1'' of the script. At the same time, the scion and the scion are strongly held together by the elasticity of the scion, and have a bonding strength that does not separate even if you hold only the scion and shake it a little immediately after inserting the scion into the scion. That is, if the grafted seedlings are placed in a certain place (for example, in a container) at 25°C, kept in high humidity (90 to 100%), and left in the shade for 4 to 5 hours, the scions will strongly take root.

(See Figure 5) ■ The scion is cut diagonally below the boxwood roots of the cotyledons of the scion, and the wedge-shaped tip of the scion is only slightly peeking out from the scalpel, which, combined with the elasticity of the young stem, It has good adhesion and does not require tying tools such as clips at the grafted part unlike other grafts, so grafting work can be carried out efficiently.

Also, the scion tip S and rear end 3'l/J! The fact that there is a little more exposed area than the rootstock means that the cut surface of the scion is relatively sharper than the grafted area of the rootstock, so the assimilation effect is active due to the influence of sunlight on this area. , Callus formation after adhesion is active, and due to the condition of the scion and scion, the callus of the scion and scion push against each other (competition), causing separation between the two, as in other grafts. Rooting that can occur is easy and strong.

■ Although the grafted form is a young seedling, the cotyledons of the script and the scion are grafted in a position where the cotyledons are at right angles to each other, so the balance of the whole graft is maintained and the seedlings are grafted immediately after grafting until they take root.
Grafted seedlings grow well because a stable position is maintained, there is no movement on the grafted surface, rooting occurs quickly, and they receive sufficient sunlight afterwards.

In other words, the script and the scion maintain a vertical state, and therefore growth is good.

■ After the scion and the scion have taken root at the grafted part, the scion is covered with knots on the script, and there is no risk of it peeling off due to external pressure such as wind pressure from this area, making it easy to handle the grafted seedlings with peace of mind. It has the effect of

When comparing this method with the conventional grafting method, the differences shown in the following table can be seen.

The scion above is a cucumber variety "Tokiwa Hikari No. 3 type A" and the script is a pumpkin variety "Shintosa Pumpkin No. 2", and the script variety is
March 15, 1978 Sown scion varieties 1978
March 11, 1971 Sowing Grafting March 24, 1978
Date of enforcement investigation: April 20, 1978 Investigation was conducted using 300 bottles for each investigation.

Next, cucumbers were grafted using this method and the conventional method, and the grafts were cultivated (inside the facility) and a yield survey was conducted. The results are shown in the table below.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 shows the growth status of pumpkins as a script for the appropriate time for grafting, Figure 2 shows the growth status of cucumbers as scions at the appropriate time for grafting, Figure 3 is an explanatory diagram of the preparation of the same scion, and Figure 4 shows the treatment of this method. Fig. 5 is a side view and plan explanatory diagram of the procedure of this method, namely, A and A' are the state B immediately before the insertion of the scalpel, B' is the state when the scalpel is inserted, and c and c' are the state when the scalpel is inserted. The upper row is a side view, the lower row is a plan view, and D is a side front view of the state when the tree is inserted. Figure 6 is a growth diagram of seedlings grafted by this method, Figure 7 is an explanatory diagram of the script and cutting surface of the scion by this method, and Figure 8 is the scion in the case of cutting and the development of root buds. The situation explanatory diagram, FIG. 9, is a side view and a plan view of grafting using the conventional method. 1... one stem of a seedling, 2... one cotyledon,
3...1... Stem of one scion seedling, 3'...1... Cut surface of the scion, γ...-゜... Rear end of the cut surface of the scion, 4...
Cotyledon of Ichiboku seedling, 5--Knife, 6--Knife blade, T--Female of Itchiku spatula, 7'1--
・-The tip of the scalpel, H...1... The epidermis of the stem of the rootstock, Po...
--- Part where the tip of the female is visible from the cutting part of one seedling, D, one, duct, K one, one cambium.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 Select a plant whose leaves are from the size of a grain of rice to the first leaf development to be used as a rootstock, and select a plant whose leaves are from 0.5 to 1.5 leaves to be used as a scion. For the thickness of the graft, if the diameter of the stem under the cotyledons of the script is 1, then select a scion with a diameter of 0.8 to 1.2 to 1,200 yen, and first attach the plant body to be used as a scion. One side of the cotyledon is cut parallel to the cotyledon into a wedge shape with a length approximately 2 to 2.5 times the diameter of the stem, leaving a little space under the cotyledon.
Cut the cotyledon horizontally, diagonally downward from the base of the cotyledon, and use a scalpel such as a bamboo spatula to make a cut so that the tip of the scalpel is slightly visible on one side or both left and right sides of the lower side of the cotyledon. Cut all of the ducts but do not cut out the epidermis. Next, place the scion prepared above on the stand with the cut surface facing downward and the position of the cotyledons on the scion perpendicular to the position of the cotyledons on the script. Insert the scion into the scalpel mark on the tree, bring the cambium of the scion and script into close contact, and remove the scion and scion so that the wedge-shaped tip of the scion is slightly visible and the cut end of the scion is slightly visible. A method of grafting melons, which is characterized by making the trees stick together.