JPS5836258B2 - Taiyohoushiya Energy Capsule - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a solar radiant energy absorbing capsule that is used to efficiently directly convert solar radiant energy into high-temperature thermal energy, and to use it as a heat source in households and industries. It is something.

A typical type of electromagnetic wave energy is solar radiation energy, but the average solar radiation intensity in the earth's orbit is
Approximately 0-I W/ca (I Km squared I.O
00,000 KW of energy), and the spectral curve of its radiant energy has a wavelength of 0.5 as shown by curve 1 in Figure 1.
It has a maximum value near μm, and the color temperature is 5900°K.

In FIG. 1, the horizontal axis shows wavelength (μm), and the vertical axis shows relative intensity.

By the way, it can be said that there is an inexhaustible amount of solar radiant energy.

If this solar radiation energy could be converted efficiently (directly),
It can be used as a pollution-free permanent thermal energy source.

In view of the above points, the present inventors first proposed solar radiant energy absorbing devices 1 to 1 which absorb most of the solar radiant energy and have extremely small radiation loss.

Therefore, this will be explained first.

Without further ado, the main parts that make up this solar radiant energy absorbing device will be explained.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the permselective membrane 1 used in this device, and 2 is a glass plate 1 or a glass cylinder serving as a base material to which the permselective membrane 1 is attached.

When solar radiant energy E is irradiated with this configuration, most of it passes through the selectively permeable membrane 1.

This transmitted energy is absorbed by the internal heat absorber 3, and as will be described later, the heat absorber 3 is cooled by the cooling medium and the heat is taken out, so the temperature decreases and the wavelength of the energy that is longer than the wavelength of the incident energy decreases. Radiant energy is emitted, which is reflected by the selective transmission film 1, enters the heat absorber 3 again, and is absorbed.

An example of this state is shown by the curve ■ in FIG.

In this way, efficient absorption can be achieved.

The structure of the selectively permeable membrane 1 may be a single layer or a multilayer structure,
Alternatively, by creating a grid-like metal mesh and selecting the size of the mesh according to the wavelength of the energy electromagnetic waves that you want to transmit, only electromagnetic waves of a specific wavelength will be transmitted.

Various metal materials can be used, such as gold, tin, aluminum, and antimony. Depending on the combination of metal thin films and the thickness of the thin film, a selectively permeable membrane 1 with arbitrary characteristics can be formed as shown in Fig. 3. can get.

In Figure 3, the horizontal axis shows the wavelength (μm), the vertical axis shows the transmittance button and reflectance (2), curve 1 is the relative distribution of solar radiant energy, curve ■ is the transmittance of the selective transmission film, and the curve ■a is S
n-1% Sb system nh=0.6 8μm (n
: refractive index, h: reflectance of selective transmission film (thickness), curve mh
indicates the reflectance of a selective transmission film of S n-30 % F system nh 0.83 μm, curve 2 indicates the transmittance of glass, and curve 2 indicates the reflectance of glass.

Next, the heat absorber used in the device will be explained.

As a heat absorber, use a quasi-black body 1 or a substance with an equivalent absorption rate that is adhered to the surface of a base material such as copper or stainless steel, or use a special method to increase the absorption efficiency. For example, an N-type and a P-type semiconductor are bonded together, solar radiation energy is incident on this material to generate heat through thermal vibration, and when the wavelength is short, secondary photons are emitted, which is excited. A photo-thermal conversion cell that uses electrons to cause a short-circuit current in a conductor to generate Joule heat and absorb it directly in the form of heat, and a tuned type that has the effect of tuning the electromagnetic wave to be absorbed into the photo-thermal conversion cell. A device similar to the light-to-heat converter described above can absorb heat with higher efficiency.

An example of a solar radiation energy absorbing device constructed using the above-mentioned selectively permeable membrane and heat absorber is shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b.

In this figure, A is an absorption capsule and B is a focusing lens.

The composition of absorption capsule A consists of the following:

That is, 1 is a permselective membrane provided on the inner surface of the glass cylinder 2, and the inside of the glass cylinder 2 is under vacuum (for example, 10
-3 to 10-4 Torr. ).

A heat absorber 3 is placed within this.

A heat transfer medium 4 such as gas or liquid flows inside the heat absorber 3, and the heat absorber 3 collects the heat, and extracts the heat to the outside.

As the heat transfer medium 4, for example, CO2, H20, N
Something like a# NaK is used.

As the focusing lens B, a convex lens, a Fresnel lens, or the like is used.

Of course, a reflecting mirror may be used as long as it can focus solar radiation energy.

Solar radiant energy E is focused by a focusing lens B,
It passes through the selectively permeable membrane 1 and enters the heat absorber 3 where it is absorbed.

The energy radiated from the solar radiation energy button and the heat absorber 3, which has partially been absorbed, is reflected by the selective transmission film 1 and thus enters the heat absorber 3 again.

As this process is repeated, a portion of the incident solar radiation energy E is absorbed by the heat absorber 3.

This is the outline of the solar radiant energy absorption device proposed earlier.

By the way, in the absorption capsule A of FIG. 4, as shown in FIG. 4a, both ends of the heat absorber 30 penetrate through both side surfaces 7, 2// of the glass cylinder 20.

Therefore, during use, the pipe constituting the heat absorber 3 expands due to the rise in temperature, and there is therefore a risk of breakage at the above-mentioned penetrating portion, and it would be very costly to prevent this.

The heat transfer medium 4 passing through the shattered heat absorbing body 3 has a drawback that the temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet is large, so that the effect of the selectively permeable membrane 1 is not fully exhibited.

This invention has been made to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks.

This invention will be explained below. FIGS. 5a and 5b show an embodiment of the present invention, in which 2 is a transparent glass cylinder constituting a vacuum container, and a selectively permeable membrane 1 is formed on the inner surface.

3 is a heat absorber whose tip is sealed and whose base is attached to the side wall 2.
It penetrates and is fixed.

A pipe 5 has a button located at the center of the heat absorber 3, and has a distal end with a gap between it and the distal end of the heat absorber 3, and a base fixed to the heat absorber 3.

6 and 7 are the inlet and outlet of the heat transfer medium 40.

Next, the effect will be explained.

The heat transfer medium 4 fed from the inlet 1 passes through the pipe 5 without cutting, advances in the direction of the arrow while being preheated, turns back at the end, and travels outside in the opposite direction, absorbing the heat of the heat absorber 3. The temperature gradually increases as the temperature increases, and the temperature reaches the desired temperature and exits from the outlet 7.

In this so-called reciprocating type, when the heat transfer medium 4 passes through the pipe 5 at the center of the heat absorber 3, it is preheated by the heat transfer medium 4 on the outside, so when the heat transfer medium 4 reverses direction and passes through the outside. , the temperature gradient in the length direction of the heat absorber 3 becomes smaller, and the overall efficiency can be increased due to the synergistic effect with the characteristics of the selectively permeable membrane.

Furthermore, even if the heat absorber 3 expands or contracts due to temperature changes, no problem will occur because it is supported on one side.

6a and 6b show another embodiment of the present invention, and the difference from the embodiment of FIG. 5 is that the outer passage of the heat transfer medium 4 (
During the return trip), vanes 8 are placed to create turbulence.

As shown in the enlarged view of FIG. 6b, the structure of the blades 8 is propeller-shaped, and a plurality of blades are attached to the pipe 5 as a set.

Therefore, when the heat transfer medium 4 hits the blades 8, the direction of movement is twisted and becomes a turbulent flow, which further makes the temperature of the heat transfer medium 4 uniform.

The number of pairs of blades 8 is not limited to one pair, but as shown in Fig. 6a,
If a plurality of sets are provided at appropriate intervals, the effect will be further increased.

The blade 8 needs to be rotated i<, but even a fixed 1\ can cause turbulence.

Furthermore, the shape of the blades 8 is not limited to the propeller shape, but may be simply a protrusion.

Due to the turbulence described above, the temperature is made uniform in the circumferential direction of the pipe cross section, and the outer surface of the heat absorber 3 has no local high temperature areas, reducing radiation loss and reducing heat absorption due to non-uniform thermal expansion. Distortion and curvature of the body 3 are prevented.

These effects combine with the improvement in heat transfer coefficient due to turbulence to significantly improve overall efficiency, making it possible to create a highly reliable solar radiant energy absorbing capsule with less thermal stress.

As explained in detail above, the present invention forms and peels a selectively permeable membrane on the inner surface of a transparent vacuum container such as a glass cylinder, and supports only one side of the heat absorber on this inner surface. Inside: A C-pipe is inserted, and the outgoing path of the heat transfer medium is this pipe, and the return path is between the outside of this pipe and the heat absorber, making it a so-called reciprocating type, so the heat transfer medium is preheated in advance on the outgoing path. Since the heat absorber heats the heat absorber, the temperature gradient is smaller than that of the conventional through-hole type, and efficiency can be improved.

Since the heat absorber is supported on one side, it has excellent features such as adaptability to temperature changes and no damage.

Furthermore, by attaching vanes to the outside of the pipe inserted into the heat absorber, it is possible to create turbulence in the heat transfer medium and further improve temperature uniformity.

Therefore, it has excellent features such as further preventing damage to the heat absorber from rapid temperature changes, and minimizing temperature gradients due to the turbulent flow effect, increasing efficiency.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is a spectral curve diagram of solar radiant energy, Figure 2
Fig. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the selectively permeable membrane, Figure 3 is a characteristic diagram of the transmittance and reflectance of the selectively permissive membrane, and Figures 4 a and b are longitudinal sections showing the configuration of the solar radiant energy absorption device proposed earlier. Area map k
FIGS. 5a and 5b are longitudinal sectional views and cross-sectional views showing one embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 6a and b are longitudinal sectional views and cross-sectional views showing another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of main parts. In the figure, 1 is a permselective membrane, 2 is a glass cylinder, 3 is a heat absorber, 4 is a heat transfer medium, 5 is a pipe, and 6 and 7 are an inlet button and an outlet for the heat transfer medium.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In a focal-line solar energy absorption and conversion device that causes solar radiation energy to enter an absorption capsule in a focal-line manner, a pipe whose tip is sealed inside a transparent i-vacuum container with a selectively permeable film formed on the inner surface. A heat absorber having a shape is housed therein, the base thereof is fixed by passing through one end of the vacuum container, and a pipe is further inserted into the inside of the heat absorber, and the pipe is used as a passageway through which a heat transfer medium flows. A solar radiation energy absorbing capsule characterized in that the inside of the heat absorber is divided into two, with the heat transfer medium flowing between the outside of the pipe and the heat absorber as a return path. 2. When the solar radiant energy absorbing capsule according to claim 1 is pressed, turbulence is created in the flow of the heat transfer medium in the gap between the heat absorbing body applied inside the heat absorbing body and the pipe.
A solar radiant energy absorbing capsule characterized by being equipped with folding blades or a convex subesa.