JPS5834538B2 - How to use it - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a sliding material suitable for use under conditions of high load and high-speed sliding, which has fatigue resistance and wear resistance without sacrificing the characteristics of a general sliding material. The purpose is to improve the

Conventionally, sliding materials used under high load and high speed sliding conditions have mainly been copper-lead based metals.
For example, a bimetallic material made of a copper-lead alloy sintered onto a steel plate is usually used as a bearing material used in an automobile engine.

However, as seen in recent automobile engines, when engines are required to be smaller and have higher output, as well as the installation of blow-by gas reduction devices to purify exhaust gas, sliding materials has come to be trusted under conditions of higher loads, high-speed sliding, and even higher temperatures, and under these adverse conditions, conventional sliding materials can cause fatigue failure and abnormal wear, causing trouble. Ta.

In view of these drawbacks, the present invention has been developed to prevent fatigue failure or abnormal wear even under conditions such as bearings that are subjected to high loads, are slid at high speeds, are lubricated with high-temperature lubricating oil, and are subjected to fluctuating loads. It provides sliding materials.

That is, the sliding material according to the present invention has copper as a main component,
Add 20 to 30 wt% of lead, 2 to 6 wt% of tin, 1 to 5 wt% of nickel, and 0.5 to 3 w of antimony.
t%, and the total of tin, nickel and antimony is 4
It is made of an alloy with a content in the range of ~10 wt%, or it is made of the above-mentioned alloy integrally laminated on the surface of a steel plate serving as a backing metal in order to further increase the strength.

To explain in more detail, when appropriate amounts of lead, tin, nickel, and antimony are added to copper, the nickel is almost completely dissolved in the copper base material, improving the heat resistance and corrosion resistance of the matrix.
A part of antimony dissolves in lead and improves the corrosion resistance of lead, especially at high temperatures.

Antimony also forms a solid solution in copper, improving the hardness and corrosion resistance of the copper base and lowering the melting point of the copper base.

For this reason, these metals can be sintered at a lower temperature than before, and lead particles, which become coarse when exposed to high temperatures, are prevented from becoming coarse and remain fine, providing good lubricity. Demonstrate.

Furthermore, a characteristic feature of the present invention is that the excess amount of nickel, antimony, and tin that is not dissolved in copper or lead forms a hard precipitate of tin-antimony, and this precipitate is By being present in the matrix, in addition to improving the mechanical strength of Maru-IJ Lux due to the above metal addition, it is possible to obtain the effect of improving mechanical strength such as Maru-IJ Lux hardness and wear resistance. can.

In order to satisfy these properties, if tin is less than 2 wt%, sufficient mechanical strength cannot be obtained; on the other hand, if tin is less than 6 wt%
If it exceeds this, there will be a drawback that the matrix becomes too hard, so it is limited to 2 to 6 wt%.

Furthermore, if nickel is less than 1wt%, it does not have much effect on mechanical strength, but it cannot be expected to improve corrosion resistance, and if it exceeds 5wt%, the melting temperature or sintering temperature will be high during manufacturing. The content was limited to 1 to 5 wt% to avoid the phenomenon that lead dissolves out of the matrix.

Next, antimony is limited to 0.5 to 3 wt% because the effect of adding it is small if it is less than 0.5 wt%, and if it exceeds 3 wt%, the matrix becomes brittle.

Next, lead is added to obtain a warming effect, but if it is less than 20wt%, it will not be able to obtain a good lubricating effect under the aforementioned adverse conditions and will be prone to seizure, and if it exceeds 30wt%, it will cause the overall 20 because the strength decreases and the load bearing capacity decreases.
It was limited to ~30 wt%.

Furthermore, unless the total content of tin, nickel, and antimony is at least 4 wt % or more, sufficient mechanical strength cannot be obtained, and the precipitation of hard precipitates of tin-antimony that improves wear resistance cannot be expected.

On the other hand, if the above-mentioned total exceeds 10 wt%, the matrix becomes too hard and brittle, and its conformability as a sliding material deteriorates.

From this point of view, the total amount was limited to 4 to 10 wt%.

A sliding material made of an alloy of the above-mentioned components has a wide range of properties as a general sliding material, and has particularly excellent effects in fatigue resistance and wear resistance.

Such sliding materials can be used for bushings, thrust washers, current collector sliding plates, valve seats, and the like.

In addition, when used as a bearing for an automobile engine, etc., the above alloys are bonded, welded or sintered to the surface of a steel plate such as low carbon steel or low alloy steel to increase the strength of the entire bearing. Used in a stacked state.

Specific examples of bearings include thrust washer bearings,
Half bearings, etc.

In particular, when used as a bearing for an automobile engine, initial conformability can be improved by overlaying an alloy mainly containing lead on the surface of the laminated alloy.

Examples of the present invention will be described below.
Copper, lead, tin, nickel, and antimony alloy powders with a mesh size or less are mixed in the proportions shown in Samples 1 to 4 in Table I, and each mixed powder is pre-sintered in a reducing atmosphere at 750 to 800°C. 700 to 750
Main sintering was performed at ℃ to obtain four types of samples 1 to 4.

Photographs of the structure of sample 1 at this time are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

Figure 1 is a 1000x magnification photograph, and Figure 2 is a 200x magnification photograph.

In addition, a powder mixed in the same ratio as each of Samples 1 to 4 above was sprinkled on the surface of a steel plate serving as a backing metal to a thickness of 1 to 27 nm, and was placed in a reducing atmosphere at 750 to 800°C in the same manner as above. Preliminary sintering was performed at a temperature of 700 to 750° C., and then the pores were crushed by pressing down with a roll, and main sintering was performed at 700 to 750° C. to obtain four types of samples 5 to 8.

In addition, as a comparison material, JI, which is also widely used in conventional quantities,
SKJ4 was used, and samples 9 and 10 were prepared with and without a backing metal.

Further, a photograph of this structure at 200 times magnification is shown in FIG.

Further, in this example, each of Samples 1 to 8 was obtained by a sintering method, but it has been confirmed that they can also be manufactured by a commonly used casting method.

Next, the results of experiments conducted on each of the above samples 1 to 10 will be described.

Experiment 1 First, the following experiment was conducted to measure mechanical properties.

Regarding the hardness, the hardness of Samples 1 to 4 and 9 was measured using a Rockwell i-meter under the condition of 15T.

The results are shown in FIG.

The tensile strength was measured for samples 1 to 4 and 9 using a tensile strength test method according to JIS standards.

The results are shown in FIG. Furthermore, samples 5 to S of the back metal material
, tO, the adhesion strength between the backing metal and the alloy laminate was measured.

This measurement method involved fixing the back metal of a test piece of the same shape, applying a load in the shearing direction to the alloy laminate, and measuring the load when sheared.

The results are shown in FIG.

As is clear from the above experimental results, in terms of hardness, it is sufficiently harder than conventional products, and this is effective in terms of wear resistance.

In particular, tensile strength, which has the greatest effect on fatigue resistance, is far superior to conventional products.

Moreover, from FIG. 6, it is clear that by sintering the mixed powder on the surface of the steel plate, greater adhesion strength can be obtained compared to the conventional product.

Experiment 2 In this experiment, the wear amount of Samples 1 to 4 and 9 was measured.

This is done by manufacturing test pieces in the same shape and adding 3o to the test piece.
g, press the circumferential surface of a disk with a thickness of 3 mtn.

The test was carried out using a so-called Okoshi type rapid abrasion tester.

The test conditions are as follows.

Conditional sliding speed: 3.71TL/s Load: Sliding distance increasing sequentially from 0 to 19.8g
600m Lubricating oil 5AE4P30 Oil temperature 300C±1'C Mating material S, 55C (Hv 450-500) Mating material 0
．． 8±0.1μ

, 4th Sat. , 1. ,. As is clear from Figure 7, which shows the above experimental results, it can be seen that it has superior wear resistance compared to conventional products and can withstand use under conditions of high load and rough and high speed sliding. .

In particular, sample 2 has excellent properties, with the amount of wear being 172 or less than that of the conventional product.

Moreover, the excellent wear resistance, combined with the excellent fatigue resistance revealed by the following experimental results, can be expected to have an excellent effect of not experiencing abnormal wear.

Experiment 3 In this experiment, Sample 6 and Sample io, each having a backing metal, were formed into a half bearing shape, and a fatigue test was conducted using a Kurade-type dynamic load bearing tester.

The test conditions are as follows.

Conditions 1 Bearing surface pressure 660-98ok 1 = 2 shaft rotation speed 3030-3160 rpm 3 Bearing dimensions Width 20 mm 1 Thickness 1.5 mm 4 Moisture Oil SAE 豐 30SD-CB 5 Oil supply pressure 4 kg/crit 6 Oil supply degree 80℃ 7 Oil clearance: 0.03 to 0.048 Bearing diameter: 527 IL As can be understood from FIG. 8, which shows the experimental results, the product of the present invention has extremely superior fatigue resistance compared to conventional products.

Although FIG. 8 shows the experimental results for sample 6, similar excellent results were obtained for another sample of 5°7.8.

Further, when the product of the present invention was applied to a bearing of an automobile engine and an actual test was conducted, extremely good results were obtained.

As described above, the present invention makes it possible to obtain a sliding material with excellent fatigue resistance and wear resistance.
It has the excellent effect of not causing fatigue fracture or abnormal wear even under high-speed sliding conditions.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figures 1 and 2 are photographs of the structure of sample 1 at 100x and 200x magnification, respectively, and Figure 3 is the 2nd view of sample 9, which is a conventional product.
Figure 4 is a graph showing the experimental results of the hardness test, Figure 5 is the graph showing the experimental results of the tensile strength test, and Figure 6 is the experimental results of the adhesion strength test between the backing metal and the alloy laminate. FIG. 7 is a graph showing the experimental results of the wear test, and FIG. 8 is a graph showing the experimental results of the fatigue test.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 The main component is copper, with 20-30% lead by weight,
2 to 6% of tin, 1 to 5% of nickel, and 0.5 to 3% of antimony are added, and the total of tin, nickel, and antimony is within the range of 4 to IO%, and at least tin-nickel is added. A sliding material made by integrally laminating a sintered alloy containing intermetallic compound precipitates of luantimony on a backing steel plate.