JPS5828721Y2 - Headstock sliding type numerically controlled compound lathe - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] The present invention relates to a headstock sliding type numerically controlled compound lathe, and particularly to the basic form of this type of small lathe.

In order to put into practical use automated multi-tasking machine tools based on turning operations, the first thing to do is to develop a rotational drive system for the workpiece, primarily for turning operations, and a cutting tool, primarily for milling operations. The aim is to integrate and simplify the two power transmission systems of the rotation and drive systems; secondly, to improve the evacuation of chips, which is an extremely important problem in the unmanned operation of machine tools; Third, to establish a mechanical configuration that guarantees the stability and reliability of the operation of electrical control equipment that is often used in numerical control control systems, which have become the mainstream control system for automatic machines in recent years. Secondly, to improve the operability and maintainability of the automated machine.Fifthly,
Mainly, consideration must be given to preventing a decrease in rigidity, which has conventionally tended to occur in small machine tools, which are the subject of the present invention.

If we take an overview of the compound lathes currently in use with these matters in mind, the common feature is that they slide on a support guide surface provided on the opposite side of the workpiece from the headstock to the cutting point of the workpiece. The main purpose of the machine is to have at least one tool rest.

This is because conventional compound lathes are mainly used for workpieces with a relatively large diameter relative to the length, so regardless of whether the work is turning, milling, drilling, etc., heavy cutting is performed from the front of the workpiece. This is done frequently, and at least one is placed in the most suitable position to receive the cutting reaction force, that is, the position facing the headstock
This was because it was necessary to install two turrets.

However, the above-mentioned conventional compound lathe had the following drawbacks regarding the above-mentioned matters to be noted.

In other words, regarding the first point of integration and simplification of the two-system power transmission system, the distance between the workpiece rotation driving device housing location, that is, the head stock, and the cutting tool rotation drive device housing location, that is, the tool rest, is a structural necessity. Because of the distance between the two, it is difficult to integrate the power transmission system, and the mechanism inevitably becomes complicated.

In addition, in a compound lathe of the fixed headstock type, that is, in which the tool rest needs to move in two directions, the mechanism becomes even more complex because it is necessary to ensure precise power transmission for the movement in two directions.

Regarding the second issue of chip evacuation, since the sliding support guide surface of the tool post is provided on the side of the cutting point with respect to the headstock, the evacuation of chips and cutting oil is basically improved. descend.

This point also applies to the third problem of stability and reliability of the operation of electrical control equipment, and it is extremely difficult to place electrical control equipment near the place where chips and cutting oil fall. It's not more than 1.

Furthermore, regarding the fourth issue of operability and maintainability, since the main operation parts, the headstock and the tool rest, are spatially separated, each work position is different, which has the disadvantage of being a small man. Furthermore, as a countermeasure for the second and third problems, electrical control equipment is provided with a cover that is designed to prevent chips and cutting oil from adhering to it, which requires more effort to repair and replace parts in the event of a failure.

Fifth, from the viewpoint of downsizing the machine, which is one of the main objectives of this invention, reducing the conventional structure by one inch poses a big problem in terms of rigidity, so it is necessary to downsize the component parts. Even if it were possible to do so, it would be difficult to downsize the entire machine at the same rate, so it would be inappropriate to reduce the size of the conventional structure by 11.

The present invention was developed in view of the above-mentioned current situation, and the purpose of the present invention is to add milling operations and side holes to an automatic lathe that performs high-precision turning operations on workpieces whose length is longer than the diameter. , it combines the machining functions of eccentric holes, eliminates the complexity of the structure that accompanies this combination, downsizes the overall structure, and eliminates the above-mentioned conventional drawbacks, and improves the effectiveness of chips, which is extremely important especially in automation. The purpose of this invention is to propose a numerically controlled compound lathe that has a basic configuration that enables the ejection of targets.

In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention, the headstock is used as a sliding hole and its position is performed by numerical control.
The tool rest is of a unidirectional movement type controlled by numerical control, and the saddle that supports it is arranged so that it can be raised and lowered almost directly above the headstock, so that all turning and secondary machining can be performed by the tool rest. This is what I did.

Below, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
2, 1 is a bed, 2 is a leg, and 3 is a headstock, and the headstock 3 is supported so as to be linearly slidable on a first support inner surface 4 provided horizontally on the bed 1. The sliding position is controlled by a feed screw 6 which is rotated at a reduced speed by a numerically controlled pulse motor 5.

Reference numeral 7 denotes a hollow main shaft supported on the headstock 3 parallel to the direction of sliding force, and a workpiece gripping device 8 such as a collet is attached to the front end. Known mechanisms such as the coupled moving pulley 10, belt 11, fixed pulley 12, clutch 13, fixed pulley 14,
It is rotationally driven by a main motor 16 via a belt 15 and the like.

Bolts 17 are attached to the bed 1 facing forward in the sliding direction of the headstock 3.
A guide bush 19 that is concentric with the main shaft 7 is attached to a support base 18 fixed by and prevents lateral vibration.

The guide bush 19 is configured to be rotatable as required.

FIG. 4 shows the rotational drive mechanism of the guide bush 19.

In the figure, reference numeral 20 indicates a guide bush 19 for guiding the rotation of the main shaft 7.
A rotating shaft parallel to the main shaft 7 for transmitting power to the main shaft 7. A spur gear 21 is fitted onto this shaft so as to be slidable in the axial direction using a keyway 20a and a key 21a. 3, and the spur gear 21 is fixed to the main shaft 7 by nuts 23 and 24 to prevent the spur gear 21 from moving in the axial direction with respect to the headstock 3.
5.

A fish 2 in which the front end of the rotating shaft 20 is fixed to the support base 18
6 is supported by a bearing 27, a spur gear 28 is wedged to the front end, and a collar 29 and a nut 30 screwed into the front end of the shaft 20 prevent the shaft 20 from moving in the axial direction with respect to the support base 18. and put the chip cover 3 on the bushing 26.
Install 1.

A tapered bearing box 32 is fitted onto the support stand 18 concentrically with the main shaft 7 and fixed with a nut 33.
The rotary sleeve 36 is supported by the shaft sleeve 5, and the guide bush 19 is mounted within the shaft sleeve.

A spur gear 37 is fixed to the rear part of the rotating sleeve 36 and meshed with the spur gear 28.

The spur gears 21, 25, 28, and 3γ have the same diameter, and the guide bush 19 is connected to the headstock 3 via these spur gears and the shaft 20.
It is rotated in the same direction and at the same speed as the main shaft 7 regardless of the movement of the main shaft 7.

A column 38 is fixed to the bed 1 behind the headstock 3, and a second support guide surface 39 is provided almost vertically on the front surface of the column 38 in a plane parallel to the main shaft 7, and this is attached to a support piece 41 ( (Fig. 3) and hold the saddle 4.
The saddle 4 is guided and supported in a vertically movable manner by a feed screw 43 driven by a numerically controlled pulse motor 42.
Controls the sliding position of 0.

The second support guide surfaces 39 do not need to be provided in the same plane as shown in FIG. 3, but may be provided at different levels.

As shown in FIG. 2, the saddle 40 projects above the headstock 3 and is provided with a turret tool rest 44 on the minus side.

FIG. 5 shows the rotation device of the turret tool rest 44 and the rotation and drive device of the rotary cutting tool 46 when the tool drive holder 45 is attached to the turret tool rest 44.

Hollow turret tool post pivot shaft 47 bearing on saddle 40
is parallel to the main shaft 7, and a turret tool rest 44 is firmly supported by bolts on a flange 48 at the front end, and can be slightly slid in the axial direction by a piston 49.

The interlocking pivot positioning coupling 50 provided between the turret tool rest 44 and the saddle 40 is engaged and disengaged by the sliding movement, and in the disengaged state, the turret tool rest 44 is connected to the spur gear 51 bolted thereto, and the intermediate Spur gears 53, 54 fixed to the shaft 52 and spur gears 56 fixed to the drive shaft 55
is rotated to a desired position by a rotation motor 57 via
After turning, the turret tool rest 44 is engaged with the coupling 50 by the piston 49 and is locked in the turning position.

The rotation shaft 47 has a tool rotation drive shaft 58 concentrically therewithin in the hollow.
is rotatably supported, and the front end of the shaft 58 is connected to bevel gears 59, 6.
It is transmission connected to the input shaft of a holder 45, 45', etc. by 0, 60', etc., and a pulley 61 is attached to the rear end.

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the saddle 40 further supports a shaft 64 rotated by spur gears 62 and 63,
Limit switches 66 each operated by a plurality of cam plates 65 attached to the turret tool rest 4 are provided.
When selecting the tool attached to turret tool rest 44,
When it is detected that the desired turning position has been reached, the motor 57 is stopped, and then the coupling 50 is engaged.

As shown in Figures 2 and 3, an intermediate shaft 67 supported on the bed 1 is connected to an electromagnetic clutch 68, a pulley 69, and a belt 7.
0, the main motor 16 rotates the intermediate shaft 67.
Column 3 is placed between pulley 71 and pulley 61 fixed to
The belt 74 is
A tension pulley 76 biased by a tension spring 75 is provided in the lateral portion of the tension pulley 76 to rotate the tool rotation drive shaft 58.

77 is a position coder driven by a belt by the main motor 16, and the generated pulses cause the twin motor 16 to
The pulse motors 5 and 42 are rotated at a required speed through arithmetic processing within the numerical control device according to the rotation speed, and the headstock 7 and saddle 40 are caused to slide.

78 is a removable chip box installed on the leg 2.

To process a workpiece with the automatic lathe of the present invention, the long and narrow workpiece inserted into the hollow of the main spindle 7 is gripped by the gripping device 8, its tip is inserted into the guide bush 19 and supported, and the headstock is 3 to position the desired processing area immediately in front of the guide bush 19.

Next, in order to turn the outer periphery or end face of the workpiece, engage the clutch 13 and rotate the main spindle 7 while connecting either the headstock 3 or the saddle 40, or both, to the twin motor 16. A feed is given under predetermined numerical control according to the pulses generated by the coder 77, and turning is performed using a tool selected by turning the turret tool rest 44.

In addition, in order to perform horizontal drilling, eccentric drilling, milling, etc., the clutch 13 is disengaged to stop the rotation of the main shaft 7, and the clutch 68 is engaged to remove the tools 45, 45', etc.
, 46', etc., and the position coder 7.7('), which is also connected to the twin motor 16! Cutting is performed by giving a predetermined feed to either or both of the headstock 3 and the saddle 40 according to the pulses through numerical control.

During the cutting operation, the turret tool rest 44 only moves up and down, and since there are no other structural parts below the cutting point, chips fall and are collected in the chip box 78 directly below.

As described above, the present invention places the tool rest above the workpiece and uses the mouth of the protruding kite bushing of the workpiece as the cutting point, thereby reducing the length compared to the diameter targeted by the present invention. It is possible to effectively stop the cutting reaction force in the radial direction caused by turning and secondary machining such as side holes, keyways, and slits, which are often required for workpieces, and as a result, the conventional spindle described above Many of the drawbacks associated with compound lathes having a turret located opposite the table can be eliminated, and various effects described below can be achieved.

(1) Since the headstock is a sliding type, the tool rest is a one-way sliding type, and therefore the transmission mechanism when power is input from the outside to the tool rest becomes simple.

Moreover, the saddle supporting the tool post is arranged so as to be raised and lowered above the head stock, bringing the head stock and the tool post close to each other, and making the axis of the main spindle drive system and the axis of the tool post drive system parallel to each other. Therefore, the same drive source can be used for both drive systems, and integration and simplification of both drive systems can be achieved.

Furthermore, if the headstock and the tool rest are numerically controlled with respect to the same drive source, related control of the side supports will also be facilitated.

(2) Since the saddle is arranged with respect to the headstock as described above, the width of the saddle in the headstock sliding direction is sufficiently smoothed out to allow tools to be attached to the turret tool post rotation device or tool drive holder. It is easy to store the rotation device etc. in the saddle, and even if the saddle is shaped like this, the saddle is on the same side as the headstock with respect to the cutting point, and the width is within the sliding range of the headstock. Since the machine can be raised and lowered using the handles, the entire machine can be made smaller and the required floor space can be reduced.

(3) Since it is a two-way numerical control method for the horizontal movement of the headstock and the vertical movement of the tool post, it is possible to configure the numerical control of a compound automatic lathe in the simplest manner, and it is better than the conventional two-way movement tool post. The transmission mechanism for driving the rotation of the tool is also simplified.

As a result, the structure of the numerically controlled compound lathe can be significantly simplified in accordance with the feature described in item (2).

(4) Since turning is performed immediately before the guide bush, even if the headstock is a sliding type, turning can be performed with high precision.

(5) Since the saddle supporting the tool post is located on the same side as the headstock with respect to the cutting point, and the tool post is arranged to rise and fall above the cutting point, chips and cutting oil are basically discharged. Good properties.

This point is particularly advantageous for complex automatic lathes, and the arrangement described above makes it easy to select and install limit switches, induction sinks, and other electrical control devices at locations that are sufficiently separated from the cutting point and convenient for inspection. Become.

As a result, there is no risk that the electrical control equipment will be contaminated by chips or cutting oil, and the stability and reliability of its operation can be improved.

At the same time, there is no need for the cover of the saddle that houses the electrical control equipment to have an oil-proof structure, and since there is no structural part on the front of the saddle, the cover can be easily attached and detached, making it convenient for maintenance and inspection of the items stored in the saddle. .

(6) Since there are no structural parts in front of the headstock and cutting point, workability and maintainability are much better than machines with portal columns.

(7) Since the saddle supporting the tool rest has the above arrangement with respect to the headstock, the required floor space of the machine is reduced, and the workability and rigidity of the bed can be increased accordingly. Since the horizontal and vertical main support and guide surfaces are constructed on a small bed, it is advantageous for improving the precision of the machine.

Since the compound lathe of the present invention has the above-mentioned effects, it is particularly suitable for precision machining of small parts produced from long materials.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show one embodiment of the present invention, in which Fig. 1 is a partially cutaway front view, Fig. 2 is a left side view, Fig. 3 is a partially cutaway plan view, and Fig. 4 is a guide bush. 5 is a sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 3, and FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line B-BM in FIG. 5. 3... Headstock, 4... First support guide surface, 7...
Main shaft, 19... Guide bushing, 38... Column,
39... Second support guide surface, 40... Saddle, 44
...Turret tool post, 47...Swivel axis, 58, 59
...Mounting tool rotation drive device.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] A headstock that has a spindle that is rotationally driven while gripping a workpiece and is guided and slid in the axial direction of the spindle on a first support guide surface provided horizontally on the bed, and a sliding motion of the headstock. A guide bush located in the front and concentric with the main spindle, and a column parallel to the main spindle on a column located behind the headstock facing on the same side as the main spindle with respect to the cutting point at the mouth of the guide bush protruding from the workpiece. A saddle that is guided and slid vertically on a second support guide surface provided in a plane that is parallel to the main spindle above the headstock in a vertical plane that is supported on the saddle and includes the main spindle. A turret tool post having a hollow pivot shaft having a rotary shaft and a plurality of tool holders including a rotary tool drive holder is fixed to the cutting point side of the pivot shaft, and is rotatable concentrically with the pivot shaft within the hollow. A headstock sliding type numerically controlled compound lathe, comprising a tool rotation drive shaft for rotationally driving the rotary tool, and numerically controlling the sliding motions of the headstock and the saddle.