US2288578A - Turning machine - Google Patents

Description

1888.881948.` L; l. YEQMANS ETA.. Y 2,288,578

`TURNING MACHINE Filed May, 29, 194C 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 NN. @NN A @Ziff/we s,

j` June 30, 1942.

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June 30, 1942.

June 3o, 1942; L, YEOMANS ETL 2,288,578

TURNINGl MACHINE I -Filed May 29, 1940` 4 sheets-sheet 4 Patented June 30, 1942 TURNING MACHINE Lucien I. Yeomans, Chicago, Ill., and De Witt Clausen, Akron, Ohio, assignors to Lucien I.

Yeomans, Incorporated,

ration of Illinois Chicago, Ill., a corpo- Application May 29, 1940, serial No. 837,760

18 Claims.

The general object of this invention is to provide a novel and improved lathe or turning machine which is of simple rugged construction, which facilitates the loading and unloading of workpieces and the disposal of chips, and which is especially well adapted for the turning of heavy metal workpieces, such as ammunition shells.

Another object is to provide a novel rcarriage and guides therefor, as well as a novel relation-v ship of the carriage and the guides to the base of the machine.

A further object is to provide a machine of this characterin which a headstock and tailstock spindle are mounted on an open-frame traveling carriage for supporting and rotating the work, while the tool or tools are mounted upon a support which is rigid with the base of the machine and projects through thel carriage into position to be engaged by the work as it is rotated and traversed.

Another object of the invention is to provide improved mechanism for rotating the headstock spindle, for reciprocating the carriage, and for manually controlling these operations.

Further and ancillary objects of the inveno tion will be understood from the following description in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure l is \a perspective View of a machine embodying the features of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary side elevation of the machine with a portion of the frame housing removed to show underlying driving connections.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary horizontal sectional View of the machine taken along the line 3 3 of Fig. 2.

Fig, 4 is a' plan view of the machine as seen in Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a transverse vertical sectional view taken along the line 5-5 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary longitudinal vertical sectional view taken along line I-6 of Fig. 5 and showing the work rotating and carriage traversing means,

Fig. '7 is a transverse vertical sectional View taken along line 1--1 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 8` is a similar view taken along line 8--8 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 9 is an enlarged view of -a tool-head assembly.

While the invention is susceptible of various `modifications and alternative constructions, we

have shown in the drawings and will herein describe in detail, the preferred embodiment, but it is to be understood that we do not thereby intend to limit the invention to the specific form disclosed, but intend to cover all modications and alternative constructions falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as expressed in the appended claims.

Referring to Fig. l of the drawings, the machine selected to illustrate the invention will rst be briefly and generally described as to its main structural features; It comprises an elongated box frame or base I0 supported by pedestals II. A traveling carriage I2, equipped with a headstock' I3 and a tailstock I4, is supported in overhanging relation thereto on a side I5 of the base Il)` for movement longitudinally thereof on spaced guideways I6. A tool supporting means (generally indicated at I'I) is rigidly secure-d on the side I5 and disposed to position cutting tools I8 in operative relation with the Work as it is rotated and fed longitudinally with the carriage.

A drive shaft I9, adapted to 1be engaged with a suitable source of power (not shown), is operatively connected, through take-oif shafts, gear trains and Icontrol clutches housed Within gear box 2l), withv controlled means (generally indicated at 2 I) for feeding the carriage and with the headstock spindle for rotating the workpiece. A spindle clutch lever 22 controls rotation of the workpiece. A feed clutch and rapid traverse return clutch lever23 is operatively associated with an automatic carriage stop mechanism (generally indicated at 24). A hand wheel 25 is conveniently located for manually positioning the carriage relative to the feed mechanism.

In order to rigidly support the machine carriage in an overhanging or depending position on one side of the machine base, the parallel guideways I6, herein illustrated as cylindrical bars, are well spaced apart and are horizontally supported on the side I5 one above the other and may be in substantially vertical alinement. Their ends are firmly received in brackets 26 which project outwardly from the four corners of the side I5 of the base. The brackets are cored, as at 27a, to receive bearing bushings 23 which are locked in position by casting molten metal 21 having the property of expanding upon solidiication and cooling around them. The carriage I2; in the preferred form herein shown, is a continuous, substantially rectangular open frame defining an opening through which the tool supporting means projects. This frame is slidably supported for longitudinal movement on the ways near its four corners by suitable cylindrical bearing bushings 29. Thus it will be apparent that the carriage is spaced laterally from the side of the base in overhanging relation thereto for traversing movement on the bars I6. The framework of the carriage includes longitudinal side members 48 extending between the upper and lower lpairs of bearings 29 and overlying the guide bars i6 for protection thereof. This shielding means protects the guide bars from the marring contact of heavy objects and from damage caused by chips which might otherwise be forced into the bearings 29.

The workpiece 30, herein illustrated as an artillery shell open at one end, is supported for longitudinal movement with the carriage with its axis parallel with its path of travel. It is supported for rotation thereon, between the centers 3| and 32 of the head and tailstocks i3 and I4, respectively, (see Fig. 3). A spindle 33 is journaled in suitable bearings 34 and 35 in the headstock and is adapted to carry the center 3| and driving means 36 for imparting rotational movement to the work-piece from the spindle. A suitable thrust bearing 31 is provided between the attachment head 38 on the spindle head and a flanged portion 39 of the bearing 34. A hollow spindle 40 carrying the center 32 is journaled for longitudinal sliding movement in bearings 4| and 42 in the tailstock.

To rmly hold the work in place between the centers a fluid pressure controlled means is employed acting on the tailstock spindle. This means comprises a source of fluid pressure (not shown) flexibly connected with a fluid motor 43 secured to the carriage, the piston rod 44 of which operates, through leverage `65, on a collar 46 adjustably secured on the spindle 49, as by a lock screw 41.

An important feature of the invention resides in the provision of a support (generally indicated at 1) for a cutting tool which is rigidly and permanently mounted on the machine base and positioned intermediate the guideways l 6 to project adjacent to and into the longitudinal path of travel of the workpiece. Thus a tool knee 5| is mounted upon, or, as shown herein, integrally cast with, the machine base in a position substantially midway between the guideways l5 to project into the open central portion of the carriage (see Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4).

While the tool arrangement may be of any suitable construction, a hollow mill type, comprising multiple cutting tools arranged circularly of the path of travel of the work, is eminently well adapted to the present sturdy construction where high capacity operation is contemplated, and when generally cylindrical workpieces are to be turned.

Thus in the particular machine disclosed, the knee extends laterally outwardly beyond the path of travel of the work and is formed with a central opening 52 concentric with said path. A tool head 53 (Fig. 9) is bolted (as at 54) to a machined face 55 of the knee and is similarly formed with a central aperture 56. Axial alinement between these parts is assured by means of a centering flange 51 formed on the head for cooperation with an annular recess 58 cut in the face 55. A plurality of cutting tools I8 (herein four) are circularly arranged on the head in pockets 60 of individual tool supports 6| to form a hollow mill for engagement with the workpiece which extends concentrically therethrough. Each tool support is pivoted at 62 for substantially radial tool adjustment by adjusting screws 53 and firmly secured to the head by a pair of lock bolts 64 screw threaded therein through slots 65 in the c support. Each cutting tool is also adjustable tangentially of the workpiece by an adjusting screw 66 screw threaded in the support for effecting longitudinal movement of the cutting tool in the pocket 69 and serving to prevent endwise movement of the tool incident to rotation of the workpiece.

Means is provided for rotating the workpiece in the carriage and for traversing the carriage to effect the desired movement between the tool and the workpiece and for effecting a rapid traverse return of the carriage after a cutting operation. As shown in Figs. 1 and 4, the drive shaft I9 is journaled in suitable bearings 68, 69 and 10 to extend the entire length of the machine and is adapted to be driven from either end from a suitable source of power (not shown).

The means for rotating the headstock spindle 93 from the drive shaft includes, in series: a clutch 13 mounted on the drive shaft, and adapted to operatively engage the shaft with a sleeve 14 freely rotatable thereon; speed reduction gearing comprising a relatively small gear 15 formed on the sleeve 14 which meshes with a relatively larger gear 16 on a driven shaft 11 suitably journaled in the machine frame, as at 1|, and in bracket 12; a suitable long gear 13 on said shaft 1'.' extends axially parallel with the path of travel of the carriage and is positioned for driving a suitable gear 19 fixed on the spindle 33 in any longitudinal position of the carriage. The spindle clutch control lever 22 is appropriately connected, by means of levers and an actuating rod 8|, to control the clutch 13, which may be of conventional form. An actuating collar 82 axially movable on the drive shaft and formed With a peripheral groove 03 for engagement by a yoke 04 on the rod 8|, has a beveled edge 85 which cooperates with an actuating finger 86 of the clutch to establish a spindle driving connection when the collar is shifted to the right (see Fig. 2).

The means for establishing a feed connection between the drive shaft and the carriage includes in series; speed reduction gearing comprising a relatively small gear 08, fixed with the driven shaft 11, and meshed with a relatively large gear 09 on a take-01T shaft 90, gear 9| also carried on shaft 90 for engagement with gear 92 formed on sleeve 53 which is freely rotatable on a driven shaft suitably journaled in the machine frame (as at 96 and 91) shaft 95 carries a clutch mechanism 98, similar to clutch 13, for drivingly connecting the sleeve 96 therewith; on an extended portion 99 of said shaft 95 journaled as at |00 on the wall 5 of the machine frame, a lead screw |0| is formed for traversing a. driving nut |02. The nut |02 is anchored to the carriage for rotation in an apertured projection |02a integral with the carriage bearing 29. A worm wheel |93 integral with the nut |02 and meshed with a worm |94, is appropriately connected, by a transverse shaft |95 journaled in the carriage, with the hand wheel 25 for manually turning the nut to feed the carriage. During power feed actuation the nut is prevented from turning by the worm gear friction.

The feed clutch control lever 23 is connected for engaging the clutch 98 through levers |06, rod |01, yoke |08, peripherally flanged and beveled collar |09 and actuating finger ||0, all of which parts are constituted similarly to those described in connection with spindle clutch lever 22. Axial movement of collar |09 to the right initiates feeding traverse of the carriage to the right.

For the purpose of effecting a rapid traverse return of the carriage after a cutting stroke, the collar |09 is also positioned and formed for engagement of a rapid traverse return clutch H2 also carried on the driven shaft 95, upon axial movement thereof to the left (Fig. 2), or in the opposite direction from that for engagement of the feed clutch. To this end (referring to Figs. 2, 4 and 8) a sprocket and chain drive, comprising a sprocket wheel I I3 fixed on the drive shaft, a chain ||4 and a sprocket wheel H5 mounted for rotating one element of the return clutch H2, is adapted to rapidly and reversibly rotate the lead screw upon appropriate manipulation of the clutch actuating collar |09 to the left. Accordingly, the collar |09 is beveled on its left side also, as at H6, for coaction with return clutch actuating finger I Ilia.

Means are automatically arresting carriage traverse, at the end of the feed stroke and again at the end o-f a return stroke, comprises a stop lug |I`| projecting from the upper edge of the carriage for actuating suitable leverage means connected for disengagement of thefeed clutch or the return clutch as the case may be. Referring to Figs. 1, 2 and 5, the lug is formed with a central recess H8 which straddles a threaded actuator rod H9'. The rod carries axially adjustable nuts |2| and |20 which are positioned for abutment by the stop lug at the completion of the feed and return strokes, respectively. The actuator rod is mounted on the machine frame for longitudinal movement, at one end on a pivoted lever |22 and, at the other on one arm |23 of a bell crank |24. The other arm |25 of the bell crank pivotally supports a rod |26 which is connected through a bell crank |21 with the levers |00 which manipulate the actuator collar |09.

In operation, the workpiece is easily loaded from a rollway or other handling device and positioned between the centers of the head and tailstock spindles while the carriage is at its extreme left position of travel. The tailstock spindle is advanced by operation of the fluid pressure piston rod 44 and the spindle clutch lever and feed clutch lever are engaged. The workpiece is -rotated and fed longitudinally through or past the tool support. At the completion of the cutting operation the feed is automatically disengaged, the spindle is stopped, the tailstock center i withdrawn and the Work removed from behind the tool head. The tool head pedestal is hollowed away on its back side around its central aperture (as indicated at |30, Fig. 3) to facilitate removal of the work. The feed clutch lever is thrown into reverse to initiate a rapid traverse return of the carriage to a position preparatory for another cycle of operation, Where it is automatically stopped by disengagement of the return clutch. l

It will be apparent from a consideration of the foregoing that a fundamentally new turning machine construction has been provided wherein the tool is so rigidly and sturdily supported on the machine base relative to a massively support- A ed traveling and rotating workpiece that great durability and extremely high productive capacity result inherently. Furthermore the work supporting carriage is so disposed in an overhanging position on the side of the machine frame that a very convenient manipulation positions the workpiece between the centers. 'Ihe difficulties commonly encountered in the matter of chip disposal are materially reduced.

We claim as our invention:

1. A turning machine comprising, in combination, a base, a pair of spaced guideways extending longitudinally along one side of said base and disposed one above the other, a carriage in the form of a substantially rectangular open frame supported for longitudinal reciprocation on said ways, a tool support rigid with said base and positioned intermediate said ways to extend into the opening through said carriage, means on said carriage for rotatably supporting a workpiece in said opening with its axis parallel to the reciprocating path of the carriage, means for reciprocating said carriage to traverse the work past said tool support, 4and means for rotating said workpiece during reciprocation of said carriage.

2. In a turning machine for effecting relative rotation and longitudinal feed between a workpiece of circular cross section and a cutting too-1; the combination of a base, spaced parallel guideways on said base, a traveling carriage mounted for slidably traversing said base on said guideways, said carriage comprising a substantially rectangular frame having a central open portion intermediate said guideways, means for rotatably supporting the work, a support for the tool, one of said supports being mounted on said carriage and the other of said supports being rigid with the base and projecting into said central open portion of said carriage, means for rotating the workpiece, and means for reciprocating said carriage. i

3. A turning machine comprising, in combination, a base, a carriage supported for longitudinal sliding movement on said base, said carriage comprising a substantially rectangular open frame and including work-supporting means journaled for rotation therein to support a workpiece with its axis parallel to the path of traverse of said carriage, a tool support fixed on said base land projecting into the opening in said carriage to position a tool in the path of travel of said workpiece, means for rotating said workpiece, and means for reciprocating said carriage.

4. A turning machine comprising, in combination, a base, a carriage supported for reciprocation longitudinally along a vertical side of said base with an unobstructed vertical clearance between said carriage and the floor, work-supporting means journaled for rotation in said carriage and projecting laterally from the free side of said carriage in overhanging relation thereto to provide a free space below said work to the floor, said means being positioned to support a workpiece with its axis parallel to the path of reciprocation of said carriage, a toolhead rigid with said base and disposed to position a tool in the path of reciprocation of said workpiece, means for rotating said workpiece, and means for reciprocating said carriage.

5. A turning machine comprising, in combina tion, a base, a traveling carriage mounted for longitudinal feed movement in a horizontal direction along one of the upright sides of said base in overhanging relation thereto, rotatable work-supporting means journaled in said carriage and projecting laterally from the free side thereof to provide unobstructed top, bottom and side clearance for loading and unloading a Workpiece by a single horizontal or vertical movement, a toolhead rigidly fixed on said base, means for feeding the carriage along said base and vpast said toolhead, and means for rotating said worksupporting means.

6. In a turning machine for effecting relative rotation and reciprocation between a workpiece of circular cross section and. a cutting tool, the combination of a base, a support for the tool, a support for the workpiece, atraveling carriage for one of said supports mounted for longitudinal feed movement in a horizontal direction along one of the upright sides ofsaid base in overhanging relation thereto and with unobstructed vertical clearance between said carriage and the floor, and means for effecting relative rotational movement between said toolv and said workpiece.

7. A turning machine comprising, in combination, a base having a vertical side, a pair of spaced guideways extending longitudinally in parallel relation along said side and disposed one above the other, a carriage in the form of an open frame supported for longitudinal reciprocation on said ways, work-supporting means journaled for rotation in said carriage and positioned to support a work-piece with its axis parallel to 'the path of reciprocation of said carriage and in overhanging relation to the floor, a tool support rigid on said side of said base and positioned intermediate said ways to extend into the opening through said carriage, means for rotating said workpiece, and means for reciprocating said carriage.

8. A turning machine comprising, in combination, a base, a pair of spaced guideways extending longitudinally along one side of said base, a carriage supported for longitudinal reciprocation on said guideways, said carriage having a central opening therethrough, a toolhead knee rigid with said base between said guideways and extending through said opening, a headstock and a tailstock on said carriage having means for supporting a workpiece with its axis parallel to the path of reciprocation of the carriage, means for feeding said carriage to traverse the work past said toolhead knee, and means for rotating the workpiece during reciprocation of said carriage.

9. A turning machine comprising, in combination, a base, a carriage, a tool support rigidly mounted on said base, means on said carriage for i supporting and rotating a workpiece on an axis parallel to the path of traverse of said carriage and in position to be engaged by the tool, means for supporting said carriage from said base in a position projecting laterally therefrom in overhanging relation to provide a free space below the workpiece for disposal of chips by gravity, and means for traversing said carriage.

10. A turning machine comprising, in combination, a base, a traveling carriage mounted for longitudinal feed movement along one side of said base, rotatable work-supporting means journaled in said carriage and projecting laterally thereof in overhanging relation thereto, whereby the operation of loading a workpiece into the machine is unobstructed, a toolhead rigidly xed on said base, means for feeding the carriage along said base and past said toolhead, and means for rotating sai'd work-supporting means.

1l. A turning machine comprising, in combination, a base, a pair of ways thereon spaced apart one above the other and spaced laterally from one side of said base, a carriage mounted on said ways for traversing movement and projecting laterally from said base, means on said carriage for supporting and rotating a workpiece, and means rigid with said base for supporting a tool in cutting engagement with the rotating workpiece.

12. A turning machine comprising, in combination, a base, a pair of spaced parallel guideways on said base, a carriage supported on said ways for traversing said base, a tool support rigid with said base and positioned intermediate said ways, means on said carriage for rotatably supporting a workpiece with its axis parallel to the path of travel of the carriage, means for feeding said carriage to traverse the Work past said tool support, and means for rotating said workpiece.

13. In a turning machine for effecting relative rotation and longitudinal feed between a workpiece of circular cross section and a cutting tool, the combination of a base, spaced parallel guideways on said base, a traveling carriage comprising a substantially rectangular open frame including longitudinal side members substantially parallel to and slidably supported on said guideways and a central open portion intermediate said guideways, a support for the work, and a support for the tool, one of said supports being mounted on said carriage and the other of said supports being rigid with the base for extension into said central portion.

14. In a turning machine for effecting relative rotation and longitudinal feed movement between a workpiece of circular cross-section and a cutting tool, the combination of a base, spaced parallel guideways on said base, a traveling carriage slidably mounted on said guideways for traversing movement along said base, said carriage having an opening therethrough intermediate said guideways, means for supporting the work, and means for supporting the tool, one of the supporting means being mounted on said carriage and the other being mounted rigidly with said base and between said guideways for extension into said central open portion of said carriage.

15. A turning machine comprising, in combination, a base, a pair of ways thereon spaced apart one above the other at one side of said base, a carriage mounted on said ways for traversing movement and projecting laterally from said base, means on said carriage for supporting and rotating a workpiece, said means projecting laterally from the free side of said carriage whereby the operation of loading a workpiece into the machine is unobstructed, means-rigid with said b-ase for supporting a tool in cutting engagement with the rotating workpiece, a driving element mounted on said base, means connecting said element to said carriage to traverse said carriage and move the rotating workpiece past the cutting tool, and means for rotating said work-supporting means.

16. A turning machine comprising, in combination, a base having thereon a pair of ways spaced one above the other along one side of said base, a carriage mounted on said ways for traversing movement, a headstock and a tailstock spindle journaled in said carriage for supporting and rotating a workpiece with unobstructed vertical clearance therebeneath, tool-supporting means rigidly mounted on said base and carrying a tool in position to engage the periphery of the rotating workpiece as the latter is rotated and axially moved past the tool with said carriage, driving means on said base, mechanism for operatively connecting said driving means with said headstock spindle to rotate the latter and for operatively connecting said driving means with said carriage to traverse said carriage at diiTerent rates of speed, and manually-controlled means for disconnecting said driving means from said spindle and for varying the speed of traverse of said carriage.

17. A turning machine comprising, in combination, a base, a pair of cylindrical guide bars spaced apart one above the other and secured along one side of said base in laterally spaced relation thereto, a carriage in the form of a substantially rectangular open frame, cylindrical bearings at the four corners of said frame receiving said guide bars for supporting said carriage for longitudinal reciproeation on said bars, said carriage including shield means extending between the upper and lower pairs of said bearings and overlying said guide bars for protection thereof, Worksupporting and rotating meansv journaled in said carriage, a tool support rigid with said base and extending into the opening in said frame, means for reciprocating said carriage, and means for rotating the Work,

18. A turning' machine comprising, in combination, a base, a pair of spaced guideways extending longitudinaly of said base, a carriage supported for longitudinal reciprocation on said guideways, said carriage having an opening therethrough be- Y tween said guideways, means in said carriage for supporting and rotating a workpiece with its axis parallel to the path of reciprocation of the carriage, a toolhead support rigid on said base between said guideways and extending through said opening, a toolhead rigid on said support and having a plurality of tools arranged thereon in the form of a hollow mill concentric with the axis of the Work supporting means, and means for feeding said carriage to traverse the work through said mill.

LUCIEN I. YEOMANS.

DE WITT CLAUSEN.

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