JPS5827769B2 - Plant growth regulator composition for cotton plants and method for applying the same - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a plant growth regulator composition, in particular for various commonly growing Gossibium arborium (Gossibium arborium).
ypium arboreum ), perennial tree variety (
perennial tree variety)
, Gossypium hiricium
supum), multibranch shrub
ed 5hrub Coffee and Gosibium Barbadens (G
Directed to plants of the genus Gossybium, including Ossypium barbadense, an example of a shrub with the usual long white glossy fibers is pima cotton.

Cotton tree growth begins with the formation of flower buds or cotton balls.
A square (5 square) that matures to n boil
).

During growth, the ball splits and produces long white seed hairs (phosphorus).
(1int) ＞Short hairs (fuzz) that cover the seeds contained in the 3-5 value boll capsules.
) to expose the mass.

This breaking or tearing of the ball
dehiscence) is a spindle-like picker (5pindle-1ike) that plucks cotton from an open ball.
The cotton fibers are harvested by collection by strippers (pickers) or strippers (5 strippers) that collect the whole ball.

In general, the period from the square where ball destruction begins varies over a relatively long period of time, for example, about 40 to 70 days, but the period from the square where the cotton fibers inside the virgin ball grow into mature cotton fibers varies. Approximately 30-35 days.

In order to extend the splitting period, cotton may need to be collected in more than one harvest, but based on climatic conditions and significantly increased exposure, lower quality cotton is usually harvested from the second harvest. It will be collected.

Many measures are aimed at shortening the cotton growing season by opening the bolls earlier.

Research is also being conducted on the development of forced processing that allows the ball to mature faster.

However, these treatments generally produce small, light stable crops (5tapled crops), i.e., short, scant seed hairs with increased microsets (5e).
ed hairs).

The second important thing to consider in cotton harvesting is defoliation (
defoliation).

Selection and almost complete excision of leaves and petioles before harvest (abscission gamma to create balls favorable to the picker and undesirable debris contaminating the cotton fibers)
debris) is required to avoid collection, yet leads to separation problems due to concomitant destruction of the fibers.

Many defoliants are commercially available and used for this purpose, but even those that have proven desirable do not promote any plant response other than defoliation.

It is also desirable to avoid excessively rapid defoliation before the mature ball opens or fully develops.

The reason for this is significant leaf drop (1 ear drop).
) blocks transpiration and creates disproportionate pressure on plants,
Blocks plant development.

Furthermore, the developing boll does not lose nutrients due to the absence of leaves, and the plant system tends to compensate for that loss through the growth process in the development of new leaves.

These effects contribute to a ball with poor fiber stability and poor growth.

The normal value of cotton is based on the quality of the fiber.

Staple length (5taple length)
) are of primary importance, i.e. the longer and more homogeneous the fibers, the more valuable the cotton.

Other considered values including color, strength and elongation are also important in determining quality.

Therefore, it is desirable to harvest the cotton as soon as possible after splitting, and for this purpose it is best
ebris)-based contamination is essentially eliminated.

Ball dehiscence is induced by chemicals, and chemically induced defoliation proceeds at different rates, and defoliation has little effect on dehiscence, whereas defoliation is induced at staged intervals prior to harvest. Currently, crops need to be sprayed several times in different conditions.

Obviously, this measure significantly increases the cost of cotton production.

Recently, chlorethylphosphonic acid has been proposed as a defoliant for cotton, but in its use, the dose required for significant defoliation, i.e., more than 35% leaf drop, is 2.
A range of 0,000-50,000 ppm acid has been reported (US Pat. No. 3,879,188).

At these concentration levels, it has been determined that dehiscence is non-selective and that balls and leaves fall off upon treatment.

Belt Wide Cotton Research Conference (Bel
wide Cotton Re5earchConf
erence), January 1968, Page W. Morgan and Plant Physiology.
y) ) 44 (3) 1337-341. A 1969 research report showed that certain types of cotton treated with 2000 ppm chloroethylphosphonic acid produced relatively rapid defoliation of squares, flowers, and mature balls. has been reported.

Obviously, the dropped ball should not be recovered and the potential yield (p
loss due to potential yield).

As far as the induced maturation effect of chemicals is concerned, D, S
, Mr. Kittock (D, S, Kittock) and others, r Journal Environ, Qual,
Jl 973.2(3), 405-8; and C0L
, Mr. Hsu (C, L, Hsu) and others, rPhysi
ol, Plant J 1976.36 (2J, 150
It has been reported that forced ripening of cotton crops has a few bad side effects.

In particular, ethephon 'IJ' has been confirmed to have an inhibitory effect on normal fiber growth.

Another disadvantage of maturation-inducing chemicals is that although they shorten crop growth somewhat, they do not produce high yields because the maturation effect is indiscriminate and all growing staves progress at the same rate. The need cannot be ignored.

Therefore, the need for a chemical or composition that can selectively drop leaves and petioles after maturation of immature balls proceeds at a faster rate than is normally obtained, selectively maturing immature balls as well as mature balls. Multiple harvesting is used to standardize the timing of ball destruction by eliminating undesirable ball destruction.
To avoid the need for multiple applications of different chemicals by causing the balls to break simultaneously as the leaves fall.

The object of the invention is to advantageously improve the treatment of cotton before harvest.

Another object of the invention is to provide a single multi-purpose composition (s) for cotton.
ingle multi-purpose comp
The objective is to provide the following:

Another object of the invention is to provide a complementary combination of components in a composition that induces ball dehiscence in cotton plants.

In the present invention, N-methylpyrrolidone and 2-HaD, I are used as active ingredients for simultaneous defoliation and dehiscence.

Preharvest treatment of cotton plants containing tertiary amines such as tylphosphonic acid (in this case the rogene atom is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine)
The objective is to obtain a single coating composition for ment).

As used herein, "pre-harvest treatment" means that the cotton balls are coated on the plants before they are collected from the plants.

N-methylpyrrolidone and 2-haloethylphosphonic acid are combined in a weight ratio ranging from about o,o 5 :1 to about 4=1, preferably in a weight ratio ranging from about 01:1 to about 3:1.

Although the composition can be applied directly to plants, for economic reasons and good coverage the composition is usually mixed with an inert diluent or carrier.

Such inert diluents or carriers include water, xylene,
Liquids such as toluene, cyclohexane or other paraffins, mineral oil fractions, or other inert organic liquids, or mixtures thereof commonly used as inert carriers can be used.

The concentration of N-methylpyrrolidone in the composition in the spray solution can vary over a range of about 150 ppm to about 12,000 ppm, preferably about 300 ppm to about 110,000 ppm.

The liquid carrier or bulking agent may optionally contain surfactants such as polyoxyalkylene fatty acid esters or alcohol ethers, lignin, methyl cellulose, etc., in conventional proportions, but is not necessary to achieve the above-mentioned benefits of the invention. isn't it.

Water diluents can also be used with auxiliary organic solvents selected from the materials listed above.

However, the compositions of the present invention can also be prepared by using bulking agents such as talc, bentonite, clay, diatomaceous earth, kaolin and other inert conventional solid bulking agents in the same concentration ranges as for liquid carriers. Or it can be applied to plants as a granular solid.

The composition can be applied by spraying or spreading to the cotton plants before harvest and after the bolls have set under normal temperature conditions.

In the above composition, the amount of N-methylpyrrolidone is about 0.0015 to about 0.125? range, preferably from about 0.003 to about 0.095? Desired effects can be obtained by using plant dosages in the range of .

Generally, the composition of the present invention, including the carrier, will be applied in an amount of about 0.1 to about 100 kg per hectare of soil area, preferably about 1 kg per hectare of soil area.
Cover the crop at a rate ranging from ~10 kg.

In order to obtain favorable results, the compositions of the invention should be used for at least 30 minutes after square cellar l-(5 square 5et).
Apply over a period of days.

This application does not cause any damage to the plants or plant fibers and can be done at any time after the square seven through initial ball destruction.

The compositions of the present invention can be applied to plants from about 183°C (below 65°C) to about 3°C.
Apply at the desired temperature within the range of 5.0°C (95'T'), but the application period should be longer at lower temperatures and shorter at higher temperatures, although application at higher or lower temperatures will not result in plant damage. The plant response period changes.

Usually, the results of the application are obtained within 5 to 4 days after treatment, depending on the concentration of the active ingredient and the temperature conditions.

For example, low level applications are observed within 8-12 days, and high level applications are observed within 5-7 days.

Although field temperatures of about 35,00C (below 95) and above do not require dosage levels above 3000 ppm of N-methylbiolidone, even high dosage levels will damage plants or cotton fibers. It can be used without any problems.

In addition to the carrier or diluent, the compositions of the present invention may also include surfactants, commonly insecticides and/or fungicides or fungicides for use in inhibiting or preventing cotton plant infestation or infection at desired dosage levels. (biocides).

In this case, single chemical application
al applications) serve many purposes necessary for maturation and harvesting of cotton plants.

The advantages obtained by the application of the composition of the invention for pre-harvest treatment of cotton are listed below:
ple chemical application)
A multipurpose composition can be obtained that avoids the need for.

2. The speed of ball dehiscence is increased and a more uniformly opened ball can be obtained for the first harvest and simultaneous defoliation, for which it acts after the ball has fully grown and opened.

3. Achieving synergy between the components of the composition, resulting in metabolic effects on cleavage that are significantly enhanced over the phase of effects obtained by the individual components.

4. It speeds up the splitting of balls containing mature fibers and has little effect on fully mature broken balls, thereby increasing the proportion of cotton that can be recovered in the first harvest and reducing the need for a second harvest. can be minimized or eliminated.

5. Unique high quality cotton fibers can be obtained and in some cases the quality of cotton fibers can be improved.

6. Plant temperature sensitivity and resistance to cold dehiscence can be induced.

7. Can allow late planting and/or early harvesting.

8. Cotton trees can be harvested economically and easily.

Next, the present invention will be explained with specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.

All amounts and proportions given in the following examples are by weight, unless otherwise stated.

Examples ■ The tests shown in Table ■ tested (A) untreated plants and (B) N-methylpyrrolidone and ethephon compositions, (q propylene glycol and ethephon compositions, (D only) in aqueous solution at various concentration levels. Half-open bolls obtained from plants treated with the active ingredient N-methylpyrrolidone and the only active ingredient ethephon
ls ), open boils and harvestable bolls
ls) % ball opening (% b) containing the ball
This is a comparative example illustrating all openings.

A 30 cm (1,2") clay bell (cla, y) under uniform conditions
Only 5 Gossybium parvadens plants (Gossy
piumbarbadense plants) of 4
Each of the groups (B to E) was placed in a growth chamber.
amber) were treated with the four types of aqueous solutions mentioned above to compare the effects of various growth adjustment conditions on these plants.

Group A of plants was retained as a control group.

In particular, group A represents untreated plants, group B represents plants treated with N-methylpyrrolidone and ethephon composition, group C represents plants treated with propylene glycol/ethephon mixture, and group N-methylpyrrolidone and ethephon mixture. Plants treated with pyrrolidone alone are shown and group E does not show plants treated with ethephon alone.

The components of the formulations are expressed in ppm in ]l of aqueous solution.

These trials were conducted simultaneously and average daytime temperatures of approximately 21°C and night temperatures of 13°C were maintained in the growth chamber.

Table ■ shows the relative percentage of pole openings of the N-methylpyrrolidone/ethephon composition compared to ethephon alone and ethephon/propylene glycol in pole openings in pups 8.10 and 11 days after spraying.

Example ■ The data shown in Table ■ are for compositions B to E and control A described above.
The comparison is based on the percentage of harvestable balls obtained by each.

A ball that is ready to be harvested is a ball that is fully open with all cotton fibers exposed and the ball flakes directed toward the picker.

The data presented in Table ■ is a comparison based on the relative percentage of development into harvestable balls obtained with Compositions B, C, and E and ☆☆ and Control A.

In plant treatment tests with Compositions B-E and against Control A, observations after spraying were made at the time when ready-to-harvest balls predominated (i.e., 10 to 13 days after spraying).
The procedure was carried out in the same manner as described in Example 2, except that the daily income was earned on day 1).

EXAMPLE ■ The data shown in Table ■ are for cracking balls obtained with compositions B-E and control A above, open
ening ) ball, opened
) Beau,.

Comparisons are shown based on % of total ball activity encompassing balls and balls ready for harvest.

The data presented in Table 1 represents a comparison based on the relative percentage of total ball activity obtained with Compositions B, C and E above and Control A.

Example IV Data not shown in Table 1 is the % leaf drop obtained with each of the above compositions BE and Control A.
Comparisons are shown based on

The data shown in Table 1 are for the above compositions B, C and ESL.
A comparison is shown based on the relative agreement of leaf fall obtained by P. and B. A.

EXAMPLE ■ The data from the following test shown in Tables ■ and X illustrate the effect of high temperature on the dehiscence response of cotton.

A, 301 (3 groups of 12 Gossybium barbadens plants grown from the same seed source in sterile soil in 12 top needles for only 12 weeks in a growth chamber for pole opening and leaf drop) Tested.

Group A represents control plants with no drug applied, Group B represents cotton plants sprayed with composition B above, and Group C represents cotton sprayed with composition C of ethephon and propylene glycol.

The results shown in Table ■ represent the average of four repeated tests for each group conducted simultaneously.

The climate conditions inside the growing room are such that the daytime temperature is 27.2°C (81″F).
) and the night temperature was 15.6°C (below 60°C).

Test plants grown in pots were placed on an elevated grid to ensure uniform temperature and temperature conditions.

Aqueous solutions containing the compositions of groups B and C at concentrations in ppm were prepared and applied to cotton plants after 12 weeks at about 21.1°C (
They were uniformly sprayed at temperatures below about 70°C and the results of these drug depositions were observed 3 and 5 days after spraying.

The degree and type of response is shown in Table ■.

It was confirmed that higher temperature speeds up the cleaving response.

B8 Compositions Other tests were conducted in a greenhouse at daytime temperatures of 35°C (below 95°C) and night temperatures of 18.3°C (65'F).

The results of these tests 5 days after spraying are shown in Table X.

The test was repeated four times for each test composition.

As mentioned above, the pole opening temperature is 35.0℃ (9
5 below) and significantly faster in composition B.

Composition B promoted pole opening in immature balls containing heat collecting fibers, but had no effect on fully mature broken balls.

No degradation of fibers from fully mature balls treated with Composition B was observed, and the dehiscence induced in immature balls was due to dormancy inside the ball.
and the incubation period of fungal infection (potential t
ime) and improved fiber quality by inducing pole opening before defoliation and increasing the rate of ball development at high plant vigor before defoliation ceases photosynthesis.

Example ■ The comparative results shown in Table M show the consequences of cold effects on the dehiscence response of cotton plants in the field.

Field trials were carried out using Gossypium Hirsut variety planted at 50 CTL spacing.
The test was carried out on cotton plants grown for 12 weeks of um variety), with untreated control group A (planted in two rows of 50 plants each), the same number of plants treated with composition B (group B), and the same number of plants treated with composition B (group B). Number of plants treated with composition C (group C
) and the same number of plants treated with a composition containing only N-methylpyrrolidone (group D) were used.

The temperature is 44°C (,4-OT) -3,
The temperature was changed to 9°C (257') overnight.

The results are shown in Table M. In the above tests shown in Table M, it can be seen that Composition B has significantly less plant resistance to ball breakage at normal low temperatures.

At a concentration of 3125 ppm ethephon, composition B induces significantly lower plant cold sensitivity than in the case of composition C.

The effect of defoliation was not measured.

The reason for this is that this effect cannot be measured because the temperature is below freezing, which normally induces defoliation.

In all the tests mentioned above, it was determined that the cotton plants sprayed with Composition B did not suffer from weakening or shortening of the fibers.

It was confirmed that most of the contamination before and after harvesting could be removed, and that good fibers were obtained even in slow-growing balls whose dehiscence was induced by the composition of the present invention.

The above test results show that the composition of the present invention of N-methylpyrrolidone and B-haloethylphosphonic acid provides a multipurpose tool to achieve cotton yields, avoiding the need for separate chemical defoliation applications. It can clearly be seen that the rate of metapolising can be fully exploited to obtain high yields of good quality cotton in a single crop.

Also, a synergistic effect of the active ingredients is evident from the test results, with the potential yield increasing in the case of the first harvest.

Optimal combinations of ingredients used in the present invention within the ranges described above can be tailored to the needs of a particular cotton plant and can avoid the need for a second harvest.

Practical benefits of the compositions and application methods of the present invention can be obtained for cotton plants by allowing for later planting and/or earlier harvest in the natural rotation of the crop.

Also, in the above example, any other 2-...loethylphosphone [! 'lB-chloroethylphosphonic acid can be used in place of it to achieve the benefits of the invention described above.

Also, in the examples mentioned above, acyclic tertiary amines having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, such as N-dimethylformamide,
N-N-dimethylacetamide or the like can be used in place of N-methylpyrrolidone to increase the rate of defoliation before harvest.

It has been found that these amides and other compounds shown in Table 1 have high defoliation properties when applied to cotton plants.

The amounts shown in Table 1 for typical components of the compositions used are expressed in ppm.

The following compounds or compositions can be used alone or in combination with the N-methylpyrrolidone/ethephon composition to enhance defoliation of cotton plants.

The following data shows the effects of Gosibium viridium variants of butyrolactone (BLO)-ethephon, butynediol (BO)-ethephon and dimethylformamide (DMF)-ethephon on cotton boll activity on 15-week old cotton plants. .

An aqueous solution of the mixture was used to treat four plants in the growth chamber and each plant was moistened by spraying at 200'C (68 below).

The percentage of total ball activity (including ball breaks, pole openings and balls ready for harvest) is shown in Table X■.

Table XIV shows the percentage of balls ready for harvest for each of the aqueous solutions of the above mixtures.

In Tables X■ and XIV, the amounts of ingredients used are expressed in ppm of the aqueous solution.

Biologically active The compositions of the present invention are effective ethylene release agents.
) and/or stimulate the bioproduction of ethylene by plants and plant tissues.

Therefore, the composition exhibits the standard physiological action characteristics of 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid.

Examples of these effects are well known and include maturation, stunting: loss of apical dominance: germination; promotion, suppression and sex reversal of flowers: leaf senescence, abscission,
Including flower induction etc.

The enhanced induction of ball dehiscence and significant promotion of ball harvest in the present invention is due to the properties of ethylene hormone within the plant.

Ethylene has also been shown to be used to speed up the germination of cotton, according to W. C. Ha11 et al.
giap lantarum j vol. 10 p. 306 (1
957) and “Te
xas, Experimental 5tation
, Misc, Publication JNP-613
(1962) and many results have been obtained on cotton ball dehiscence and ball development in ethylene hormone action in cotton.

Example ■ Red apple apple tree Cornel McIntrash fruit (
Four groups of Cornell McIntosh fruit (Cornell McIntosh fruit) were sprayed with the aqueous solution shown in Table X■ below.

The other control group was not sprayed with the aqueous solution.

After one week, apples were harvested and physical measurements were taken.

These results were averaged and recorded in a table.

1.03 mmol/liter of ethephon was treated in a similar manner (The Journal
of the American Society, Vol. 99, #3, page 239, Table ■ of the paper reported in May 1974).

Example ■ Reddening of apples after 4 years Mirasturdespur apple tree (Mi
11ersturdeespur apple) no 3
Table XVI
The aqueous solution shown above was sprayed.

The other group of five plants, which served as a control, were not treated.

Two weeks later, the apples were harvested and physical measurements were taken.

Example of the result of this average ■ Ease of separating walnuts Walnut Looseni
ng ) Walnut tree Ashley Natsutsu (Ashle)
ynut) were sprayed with the aqueous solution shown in Table X■.

The other control group of 5 bottles received no treatment.

After 10 days, the test results are averaged and the results are shown in the table: Abscissicn ratings
In this case, 3 is excessive and 1 is slight and does not damage the tree.

The harvest data in the table above was normally recorded during harvest.

Example
Two groups (each group consisting of 3 trees) of ``Fruit'' were sprayed with the aqueous solutions shown in Table X■.

A control group of three trees received no treatment.

After two weeks, the results were averaged and shown in the table.

Fruit removal power measurement for each 100 fruits 7
I did it a day later.

In the above field test, it was found that approximately twice as much ethephon was required to obtain results close to those of the mixed solution.

Example M Ease of separation of hazel (F 1lbert)Barcelona of hazel tree
ellona nut) were sprayed with the aqueous solution shown in Table XIX.

Another group of 5 plants served as controls and were not treated.

After two weeks, the results are averaged and shown in the table: Grape color enhancement (
Co1or enhancement) Four groups of vine Zinfandel fruit (each group consisting of five plants) were sprayed with the aqueous solution shown in Table XX.

Another group of 5 plants served as controls and were not treated.

controlbrix(controlbrix')fr'
The grapes were harvested at 22%, after which they were juiced and optical density measurements were made.

The results are averaged and shown in the table: Example xm Sex expressin Ga1axy cucumbers
) of the first true leaf stage (f
iret true 1eaf 5taze) and then sprayed.

As a control, two plants were not treated.

The results are averaged and shown in a table:

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] A plant growth regulator composition for cotton waste plants, characterized in that it is applied before harvesting cotton bolls, comprising a mixture of IN-methylvirolitone and 2-haloethylphosphonic acid. 2. The plant growth regulator composition for cotton waste plants according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of N-methylpyrrolidone to 2-haloethylphosphonic acid is in the range of about 0.05:1 to about 4:1. . The plant growth regulator composition for cotton waste plants according to claim 2, wherein the weight ratio of 3N-methylvirolitone to 2-haloethylphosphonic acid is in the range of about 0.1:1 to about 3:1. . The plant growth regulator composition for cotton waste plants according to claim 1, wherein the 42-haloethylphosphonic acid is 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid. 5 Claim 1 in which the composition is incorporated into an inert carrier
A plant growth regulator composition for cotton waste plants as described in 1. 6. The plant growth regulator composition for cotton waste plants according to claim 5, wherein the liquid carrier is water. 7. The plant growth regulator composition for cotton plants according to claim 1, wherein the composition is blended into an inert granular carrier. 8. Mixing the composition in an inert carrier and adjusting the concentration of N-methylpyrrolidone in the carrier from about 150 ppm to about 12,000 ppm.
The plant growth regulator composition for cotton waste plants according to claim 1, wherein the composition is in the ppm range. 9. The plant growth regulator composition for cotton waste plants according to claim 8, wherein the diluent is water and the composition is dissolved therein. 10. The plant growth regulator composition for plants of the genus Cotton according to claim 8, wherein the diluent is Mii Ral Spirit and the composition is dispersed therein. 11. The cotton waste plant growth regulator composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition has an ethylene generating ability that stimulates the in vivo production of ethylene. A cotton waste plant characterized in that the cotton plants are coated with a mixture of 12N-methylvirolitone and 2-haloethylphosphonic acid in an amount sufficient to induce water dehiscence in the cotton before harvesting. A method for applying a plant growth regulator composition. 13. The effective amount ranges from about 0.0015 to about 0.125 N-methylpyrrolidone in the composition per plant.
i't- A method for adhering a plant growth regulator composition for cotton waste plants according to claim 12. 14. The effective amount is about 0.003 to about 0.095 N-methylpyrrolidone in the composition per plant. A method for adhering a plant growth regulator composition for cotton waste plants according to claim 13. 15. A method for applying a plant growth regulator composition to cotton waste plants according to claim 12, wherein an effective amount of the composition is applied to the plants after pole setting. 16. A method for applying a plant growth regulator composition to cotton waste plants according to claim 15, wherein an effective amount of the composition is applied to the plant for 30 to 40 days after pole setting. 17. Apply an effective amount of the composition to plants at a temperature of at least 15.6°C (
13. A method for applying a plant growth regulator composition for cotton waste plants according to claim 12, wherein the composition is applied at a temperature of 60°C or lower. Claim 18: The composition contains a co-active mixture of N-methylpyrrolidone and 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid, and the co-active mixture is applied to plants as a liquid.
A method for applying a plant growth regulator composition to cotton waste plants as described in 2. 19. The method for applying a plant growth regulator composition to cotton waste plants according to claim 12, which comprises contacting the plant with the composition in the form of an aqueous solution. 20. Covering a field of cotton plants with the plant growth regulator composition of claim 18, wherein the composition is applied to a field of cotton trees at a rate of about 0.1 to about 100 kg per hectare of soil area. How to wear it.