JPS5826001A - Producing apparatus for hydrogen - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To decompose water by a simple structure and to efficiently generate hydrogen by applying a catalytic action by electrolysis and solar energy or the like to a substance to be treated to generate hydrogen such as liq. sludge. CONSTITUTION:Liq. sludge 21 or a substance to be treated to generate hydrogen such as hydrocarbon or iodide is charged into a vessel 1. A pipe 22 provided with a heat pipe 23 is put in the vessel 1 to deprive the sludge of its heat, and the heat is stored in a regenerator 20. The sludge 29 is filled into a heating chamber 11 through a screw 26. A titanium electrode 33A and a cathode 33B are attached to the chamber 11, and an electrode 4 is turned on. At this time, heat from the regenerator 20 is utilized to generate electric power, and the electric power is supplied to the electrode 4. The sludge 29 in the chamber 11 is isolated from the open air by the light transmitting surface 31, absorbs solar energy 32, and evaporates water. Electrolysis using the supplied current causes a catalytic action, reaction under light energy is accelerated, and hydrogen is generated. The gaseous reaction product is captured in an upper gas chamber 5, fed to a vessel 7, freed of CO2 through an alkali soln. 39, and stored in a vessel 9 through a compressor 8.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention The present invention utilizes a catalytic action to generate hydrogen by decomposing water, irradiates solar energy, generates an electrical/chemical reaction, and inserts a metal semiconductor electrode to generate hydrogen. The present invention relates to an apparatus for producing hydrogen that improves efficiency by assisting in the production of hydrogen.

Conventional hydrogen generation through water splitting, moss, heat, and light.

The possibility of using electrical energy E is known in principle. When chemical substances (including metals and their compounds) are present in water at high temperatures, the chemical substance takes up oxygen or takes up hydroxyl groups. Some have been proposed by combining multiple chemical reactions.Also, large-diameter furnaces have been proposed that can easily generate high temperatures, such as solar furnaces, which collect solar energy and supply it to the reaction system. The reactions of iron chloride, water, and chlorine are carried out separately at low temperatures.
A method has been proposed in which the raw materials and products are filtered so that they cancel each other out when added together, and the method is carried out in a closed reactor. However, these methods have advantages and disadvantages. For example, it is difficult to obtain a heat-resistant material that does not dissipate under high temperatures, and the efficiency is also low. For example, if the process is carried out at low temperatures, there are problems in materials that can withstand the use of chlorides and chlorine, and handling problems, and the cost is also high.

For example, if iron, tin, iodine and their compounds are present, the heating leakage may be lower and the yield may be better than those described above, but the yield and cost are still problems.

Therefore, low-cost energy can be effectively used, compounds can be catalyzed to easily separate evolved gases from water, corrosion-resistant materials can be used, and relatively simple There is a strong need for something with a structure that allows efficient water splitting.

In view of the above-mentioned current situation, the present invention aims to provide a water splitting apparatus equipped with a mechanism for irradiating solar energy by causing a specific compound as an inclusion to cause a catalytic action and a catalytic action by electrolysis. shall be. Another object of the present invention is to provide a device that energizes a rare earth hydrogen-absorbing compound as an electrolytic current-carrying electrode and causes it to react with electrical and electrochemical energy.

Next, the present invention will be explained by giving an example.

FIG. 1 shows a side view of an arrangement of one embodiment of the invention.

For example, a mixed dispersion of activated sludge and an appropriate amount of water (hereinafter referred to as
It is called sludge liquid. ) 21t-1 Fill tank 1 from above. A pipe 22 is inserted into the tank 11 from above, a heat pipe 23 is provided in a part of the pipe 22 to remove heat, and the heat is passed through the pipe 12A to the heat storage device 2o.

The sludge liquid 29 becomes a sludge liquid 29 by mixing the input sludge liquid 21 and the heated sludge introduced into the pipe 22 from the upper part of the heating chamber 11. This sludge liquid 29 is pumped to the heating chamber 11 by operating the pump 10t provided at the bottom of the tank 1.
Fill 1 bottle. The shaft 25 and screw 26t'' are rotated by the pump 10#-i and the drive mechanism 271 by the motor 2 and delivered.

In the heating 1111, the sludge base is equipped with 33 titanium electrodes, and the cathode 33B corresponds to the outlet. In addition, the power source 4 is connected to the circuit 19 by 19B. Also, power supply 4d.

Connected to motor 2, pump 3 and compressor 8.

A pipe 12B# connecting the pump 3F'i heat pipe 23 and the heat storage N20 is inserted to circulate the heat medium.

In the heat storage device 20, the heat exchanger 281 takes out the heat,
For example, a gaylor (not shown) and a turbine (not shown) are used for power generation, etc. The power can be supplied from a power source of 4 tons.

Pump 10 sends out sludge 929F'i, heating chamber 1
1, connected to the outside air through a transparent surface 31, enough irradiated solar energy 321 is absorbed through the sludge, and the water is gradually heated up and evaporated from the sludge. 33 people and 3 electrodes
3B, and titanium is used as the anode.

When energized, titanium turns into titanium oxide and flows into the sludge liquid passage 3.
5 and undergoes electrolysis, and this electrolytic action acts as a catalyst, promoting the reaction by light energy and generating hydrogen. Efficiently generates hydrogen through heating, evaporation, catalytic action, and reaction. The reaction generated gas is collected in the upper air chamber 5f, and the sludge is heated and passes through the pipe 22 to the heat pipe 23.
The heat is collected by the sludge, and the remainder is recycled into the liquid 291 mixed with the input sludge liquid 214 for reuse.

The reaction gas is sent from gas N5 into the tank 7 through a pipe 16t-, passes through an alkaline solution 39, removes carbon dioxide gas by alkali adsorption, is pressurized by a compressor 8 from a pipe 17, and is sent to a pipe 18t- The hydrogen is passed through the tank 9 into a layer of hydrogen adsorbent, where it is adsorbed and stored.

As a result of using ordinary activated sludge, 83 g of the total required electric power could be supplied by the in-house power generation described above.

Nine experiments were carried out using a series of activated sludges of the present invention, in which the water content of the sludge liquid was 35 wt%, the thickness of the irradiated sludge layer was 12 mm, the solar energy (light) irradiation area was 3 square meters, and the anode electrode When titanium is used in the irradiation heating chamber and 600 volts of electrolytic power is applied at 50 milliamperes in the irradiation heating chamber, the water can be collected and adsorbed to the hydrogen adsorbent, and the volume of water generated is approximately α1 cubic meter per hour in standard condition. So 6-).

Although the above description shows one embodiment of activated sludge, many other industrial or environmental wastes can be similarly utilized.

It is effective to use water that contains an appropriate amount of iodine in water that is added to sludge and other treatment plants. In this case, hydrogen iodide is generated, hydrogen is combined and separated, and then decomposed into iodide and hydrogen. Iodine acts as a catalyst.

Appropriate amounts of carbon grains such as coal, coke, charcoal, tar grains/wires, and heavy oil can be mixed into the sludge bottom valve to increase solar energy absorption and accelerate the reaction. The power consumption is 20
There was a good one called 0WH.

In the above embodiments, titanium was used as the electrode used in the electrolytic reaction, but instead of titanium, other metals or metal compounds (hereinafter referred to as metals) that have a catalytic effect may be used. ), which will be explained next. Many of these electrode materials use hydrogen adsorbents and provide good results.

Next, a description will be given of an example of water splitting in which a carbohydrate, an iodide, or both are inserted into an electrode serving as a metal semiconductor to cause an electrochemical reaction.

(1) Water + carbohydrates + electrolytic action + electromagnetic energy (light); In this case, CO + H! Generation (2) Water, 10 iodine, 10 carbohydrates + electrolytic action, 10 electromagnetic wave energy (light); In this case, generated to hydrogen iodide element C. In the case of α) and Q), generated C
O2 is removed by alkali adsorption.

In the case of α), hydrogen is generated by electrolytic action by light irradiation or electromagnetic energy irradiation, and in the case of (2), hydrogen is obtained by decomposing hydrogen iodide.

In any case, a suitable hydrogen absorber is used. If applicable, please note that the following are valid.

Mitsushi metal alloys such as Lax N1y LidlCe, Nk@La + Ce, T i , Y + etc. The results of tests to find ones suitable for practical use are shown and explained in Figures 2, 3, and 4. do.

Curve entry B shown in FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the wavelength of irradiation energy and the amount of power generation per unit area. The AA part corresponds to chemical energy, and the others correspond to thermal energy. The visible light wavelength is 0.4-0.8 microns.

However, in this series of tests, chemical energy generation in the input region was found to be effective when using a metal semiconductor electrode as the electrode used for irradiation N (Fig. 1, 11). Further, in terms of wavelength, it is 0.1 to 1
Irradiating with a wavelength of about microns and energizing the electrode,
It is suitable for water splitting to occur. This is a range slightly outside the wavelength energy of the visible range, that is, a range extending slightly outward from 400 to 800 nm. Based on the calorific value per mole and nm shown in FIG. 3, it is in the range of near ultraviolet to near infrared rays.

In the present invention, the following metal semiconductors are suitable for generating chemical energy from both hydrocarbons and iodides under the conditions 0) and (2) above.

(a) ThOs, Ti1t (b) SrT10g, 8rZrOB, Pb
Ti0B, BaTi03(c) TaboI
, WOs (d) In addition, TiO, La are metal conductors that can be used with semiconductors.
Ti0s(e) Light irradiation special program This causes an anodic reaction and is suitable for electrodes (33 people in Figure 1).
Zr01.OaO, ThO.OaO, ZrCaO2 The following can be concluded from these series of tests. In other words, the gold s1, which becomes a semiconductor, is used as a positive electrode to energize under irradiation energy to decompose water, and in the case of light/electromagnetic wave energy irradiation, chemical energy ( 5r irradiation (within a range slightly wider than visible light wavelengths) gives very good results and even removes gold. Alloys with Mitshu metal are good anode materials.

Next, water-absorbing materials that are effective as anode materials have water-absorbing properties according to the series of tests described above. The following are suitable for practical use:

(la) LaNi5, an alloy of this and Mitsushmetal.

(lb) TJFe, Ti0o, TJOol-yMn
y, alloy of MnNi5 and Mitsushmetal.

(1c) Mitsushmetal Figure 4 shows the hydrogen adsorption amount and dissociation pressure atm of LaNi.
The relationship at 1°C is shown. 11 to point A in Figure 4! m
At %21'c, hydrogen enters LaN1B and enters LaNi
6) (It becomes aS, but after this, 3 atm, 2
At point B in FIG. 4, which is 1°C, %LaNi becomes 1 mountain and the amount of hydrogen absorption increases, but when the temperature is raised to 52°C, the hydrogen adsorbed up to 6 to 6 gatm is released until LaNigHts i at point A is reached.

In other words, the area between point I and point B can be used for hydrogen storage.
Lm * Oe * Nd t Zr * Pr v 8
Metals and alloys containing them (lc) are also useful.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure N1 is a side view of the arrangement of one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the irradiation energy wavelength and the amount of generated power. Figure 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between nm, wavelength, and optical/electromagnetic wave energy. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between absorption and dissociation pressure of an exemplary water-absorbing material. 1, 7.9...tank 8...compressor λ-
Motor 3... Pump 4... Power supply 21
, 29...Activated sludge and water (liquid) 12 people, 12B, 17.18... Piping 22...
Pipe 33A...Positive electrode 31...Energy irradiation surface 33B...Cathode electrode 35...Sludge passage
10...Pump 11...Energy irradiation chamber
20... Heat storage chamber 39... Alkaline liquid 25...
- Shaft 27... Drive mechanism 26... Screw 32 - Irradiation light, solar energy AB... Irradiation energy wavelength and power generation amount relationship line AA - -
・Chemical energy region BB--Thermal energy region λ-B...Hydrogen adsorption (dissociation) pressure point (constant temperature) Patent applicant Inoue Japax Research Institute Representative Patent attorney Naka Nishi - Mabottle 1 iris ζ

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] l A magnetic f-nine containing water, activated sludge, carbohydrates, iodide, or a combination thereof as a hydrogen-generating product has its surface irradiated with the energy of these combinations facing upward and is in contact with the surface. An irradiation chamber that is sealed by a supporting side wall and a bottom surface that faces the top surface and is equipped with a passage for pushing up the object to be processed, and a space between an electrode metal provided at the lower entrance of the irradiation chamber and an electrode provided at the upper exit. and a workpiece energization circuit connected to a power source for supplying an electrolytic current, and hydrogen is decomposed and produced by energy irradiation under the electrocatalytic action caused by the energization in the irradiation chamber. Equipment to manufacture. 2. The positive electrode metal is composed of titanium, iron titanide, cobalt titanide, nickel, cobalt nickel titanide, nickel manganate, and rare earth metals such as titanium, iron titanide, cobalt titanide, nickel, cobalt nickel titanide, nickel manganate, and these rare earth metals that act as a metal semiconductor and have a catalytic effect on the object to be treated. An apparatus for producing hydrogen according to claim 1, in which one or more types of Mitsushito metals are arbitrarily selected.