JPS5825644A - Method of and apparatus for charging insulating toner particle - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention generally relates to an improved apparatus and method for charging insulating toner particles, and more particularly, to charging insulating toner particles using a charge injection electrode to a suitable potential and predetermined charge. Specifically, it relates to an improved device for charging to either positive or negative polarity. The resulting charged toner particles can be used as a single component developer, ie, a developer free of carrier particles, for image development in an electrostatographic imaging device.

The formation and development of electrostatographic images, particularly zero dara fi images, is well known in the art, as described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 2,297,691. In one known method of developing electrostatographic images, a developer consisting of toner particles and carrier particles is flowed down, or cascaded, onto an image support member and triboelectrically charges a certain amount of a certain polarity. Toner particles that are charged are
It attaches to areas of the imaging surface that have a predominant charge of opposite polarity. Another type of development known as magnetic brush development is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,641,9.8'
As described in No. 0, a magnetic carrier is used to transport and deposit the toner particles onto the imaging member using magnetic forces. In addition to superior development of peta image areas, magnetic brush developers are more compact than cascade developers, and do not rely on gravity to deposit toner particles on the imaging member surface, making it easier to use at the development station. A large degree of freedom can be obtained in the arrangement of the

In the mixed developer used in conventional cascade development equipment,
A triboelectric charging relationship exists between the toner particles and the carrier particles, e.g., the toner particles are negatively charged and the carrier particles are positively charged, thus producing positively and negatively charged images in such developer. It is not easy to visualize.

Additionally, the triboelectric properties of toner, while necessary for development pools, pose several problems. For example, the forces between toner particles and carrier particles create different threshold levels for some toner particles, resulting in non-uniform charging of the toner and background adhesion. Also,
Because the toner particles retain their charge for an extended period of time, the toner can escape from the development area and enter other parts of the electrostatographic apparatus, causing mechanical problems.

Although magnetic brush development overcomes some of the problems encountered with cascade development, it is not efficient in some cases because it requires triboelectrically charged toner.

Until now, there have been descriptions of magnetic development devices and developers that do not use carrier particles, that is, single-component developers.
One such device is described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,846,333, which discloses a method for applying toner particles made of magnetite and a resin material using a magnetic brush.

One difficulty with this method is that the relatively high conductivity of the toner particles makes electrostatic transfer difficult.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,909,258 also describes an electrostatic development method using magnetic brushes and no carrier particles. The developer used in that device consists of toner particles; see US Pat. No. 3,639,245 for more information. Part 2: One drawback of Yoyo toner developers is the photoconductive base layer. The problem is that the transfer efficiency to the printed paper is not good.

Most single-component developing devices use magnetic force to control background adhesion, but that force is generally weaker than electrostatic force, so background development with a single-component device is only possible with an electrostatic developing device that uses a two-component developer. It is usually inferior to In addition, many single-component developing devices use dielectrically charged conductive toner, which typically requires special paper or the like.

From the foregoing, the use of insulating toner particles is important for background control, and furthermore, such particles can be efficiently and effectively transferred from the photoconductive surface to the 272 paper. Although many different suitable methods for charging toner particles are known, there continues to be a need for an effective and simple method for charging insulating toner particles to a predetermined amount of charge and a predetermined positive or negative charge polarity. It is being

Other development methods include U.S. Patent No. 2,217,776
Powder cloud development method as described in the issue,
There are touchdown development methods, such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,166,432. U.S. Patent No. 3,166.
No. 432 uses a conductive single-component developer (toner particles only, no carrier particles) to create an electrostatic pattern by contacting a conductive support member containing a layer of conductive toner particles with an electrostatic charge pattern. A method for developing is disclosed.

The toner particles adhere to the support member primarily by van der Waals forces, and the conductive support member is maintained at a bias potential during development.

A first object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for charging insulating toner particles.3 A second object of the invention is to charge uncharged insulating toner particles using a charging electrode. An object of the present invention is to provide improved apparatus and methods.

A third object of the invention is to provide a method for charging uncharged toner particles to either positive or negative polarity.

A fourth object of this invention is to provide a method for charging insulating toner particles and efficiently and effectively transferring the toner particles from an image bearing surface to plain paper while simultaneously controlling background development. .

These and other objects of the present invention include a toner supply means, a roller having a surface containing uncharged insulating toner particles, a roller disposed proximate to said roller and spaced from said roller by an amount of insulating toner particles; By providing a method and apparatus for charging insulating toner particles, characterized in that a charge injection means for the roller, a voltage source for the charge injection means, and a voltage source for the roller are in operative relationship. has been achieved. The roller generally has a coating as described below.

In a first embodiment, the invention is directed to an improved apparatus for charging uncharged insulating toner particles,
The device includes a roller having a coating on its surface, a toner supply means containing uncharged insulating toner particles inside, a charge injection means, a voltage source for the charge injection means, and a voltage source for the roller. The insulating toner particles are injected into the uncharged insulating toner particles adhering to the surface of the roller from a chargeable source 5 stage, and the injection is carried out in a quadruple charged area formed by the roller and the charge injection means. It is done inside.

In a second embodiment, the present invention applies a suitable charge to a charge on the roller by means of a charge generated from the charge injection electrode contacting the toner particles in the area between the roller and the charge injection electrode. The goal is to charge the insulating toner particles with positive or negative polarity by injecting them onto or into the charged insulating toner particles. Determined by the polarity of the supplied charge. Insulating toner particles charged in this manner can be used in electrostatographic imaging devices, particularly xerographic imaging devices. As described above, according to the method and apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to charge toner particles to a desired polarity without using carrier particles as has been generally done in the past. Another feature of the present invention According to the above, the apparatus comprises a charging means, 6 image forming means, a developing means, a transfer means, a fixing means, an optionally provided cleaning means, and a preparation means, and the developing means includes a roller having a coating on its surface, a roller having a coating on its surface, and a roller having a coating on its surface. A toner supply means containing uncharged insulating toner particles, a charge injection means, a voltage source for the charge injection means, and a voltage source for the roller are in operative relationship, and from the charge injection means A charge is injected into the uncharged insulating toner particles adhering to the roller, and the injection occurs within a charging area surrounded by the roller and the charge injection means, so that the charged insulating toner particles are injected into the charged insulating toner particles. An electrostatographic imaging device is obtained, characterized in that toner particles are adsorbed onto the imaging member.

Next, the present invention and some embodiments thereof will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows an image forming member 10, a roller 12 having a coating 13 on its surface, a toner supply tank 14 containing uncharged insulating toner particles 24, a charging electrode 16, and a pressure blade 1.
7 shows a device 7 according to the invention consisting of a voltage source 18, a voltage source 20 and a charging area 19. Uncharged insulating toner particles 24 are metered onto roller 12 as it moves in the direction of the arrow. The amount of toner particles deposited on the roll is determined primarily by the gap between the toner supply reservoir 14 and the roller 12. Therefore, the toner supply tank is
Performs the same function as a doctor blade and deposits uncharged insulating toner particles onto roller 12 by approximately 12.7 to 50°81.
Itn (0.5-2 mil) (approximately 12.7-25.4μ
It is held at a particular angle and sufficient pressure is applied to provide a thickness of 0.5 to 1 mil (0.5 to 1 mil), ie about one layer of toner particles is preferred). The insulating toner particles adhere to roller 12 by electrostatic attraction. The roller 12 is rotated by a motor (not shown).

The insulating toner particles 24 are carried over a roller and contact the charge injection electrode 16 at a charging zone 19 where a charge of positive polarity as shown or negative polarity (not shown) is applied to the toner particles. Injected. As a result, the charged area 19
The toner particles emerging from the toner particles are positively charged 24'. The charging electrode 16 is separated from the roller 12 by the amount of toner particles present between the charging electrode 16 and the roller 12.
A power supply l·8 (Vc) supplies charge to the electrode 16. In the illustrated embodiment, the charge is of positive polarity.

The positively charged toner particles continue to be transported on roller 12, and when they come into contact with the latent image on imaging member 10, they are attracted toward the image by electrostatic forces for development. Unused charged toner particles are returned to a toner supply reservoir 14 located above roller 12. The pressure blade 17 applies sufficient pressure to the imaging member 10 so that the imaging member 10 is in constant contact with the electrically charged insulative toner particles as shown. Voltage source 20 (8) assists in attraction between the charged toner particles and the image on imaging member 10.

An important feature of the invention is the charging electrode 16, which is connected to the insulating toner particles 2 deposited on the roller 12.
Inject a positive or negative charge into 4.

The polarity of the charge and the amount of charge injected are determined by the power supply 18 (Vc
), so if we want the toner particles to have a positive polarity, a positive voltage is applied to the charge incoming @16, whereas if we want the toner particles to have a negative polarity, we apply a charge injection. A negative voltage is applied to electrode 1G. As a result of the contact between the insulating toner particles and the charge injection electrode 16, a charge of the appropriate polarity and amount is injected into the insulating toner particles and receives a receiving force. The charge injection electrode 1G is separated from the roller 12 by the amount of insulating toner particles present in the charged area or debris. As noted, generally only one layer of toner particles is deposited on roller 12. Although more or less than one layer of toner particles may be placed on roller 12, if several layers of uncharged toner particles are placed on roller 12, the charge injected by electrode 16 will typically be negligible. It is difficult to fully charge all layers of toner particles because they cannot penetrate more than one layer. Insulating toner particles charged with this device can be easily transferred to bond paper compared to conductive toner particles that contain conductive material and are very difficult to transfer to bond paper.

0 The core of the roller 12 can be hollow or solid,
Although it can be made from a number of known suitable materials that are strong enough to operate within the device, including aluminum, steel, iron, polymeric materials, etc., flexible core materials are It is aluminum. Generally, this roller is about 25.4 to 76
,．． 2rnm (1-3 inches) in diameter, but 25.
A diameter of 1 to 2 inches is preferred. The roller can be made larger or smaller in diameter so long as the aspects of the invention are achieved.

Roller 12 is coated with carbon black, Kryl.
It has an abrasion resistant coating layer 13 such as aluminized mylar coated with Krylon matte black paint, commercially available as Krylon 1602, and various other similar abrasion resistant materials. The thickness of the coating can vary widely and is determined by many factors, including economic considerations, but typically the thickness of the coating is approximately 2.54 to 127 μm (0
, 1 to 5 mils) and approximately 25.4 to 76.2 μm (1 to 5 mils).
~3 mil) is preferred. While not wishing to be bound by theory, this coating improves the efficiency of charge injection from charge injection electrode 16. That is, for example, to prevent negative charges from being attracted to positively charged toner particles on roller 12 and neutralizing the positive charges on the toner particles. Similarly, injecting a negative charge into the fully insulating toner particles creates a corresponding positive charge on roller 12, and it is desirable to prevent that charge from transferring to the negatively charged toner particles.

The amount of charge applied to uncharged insulating toner particles is primarily determined by the power source 18 (Vc). If it is desired to positively polarize the uncharged insulating toner particles, power supply 18 (V
c) is generally charged in the range of about 100-500 volts, preferably <= about 200-300 volts. If negative polarity is desired, the voltage Vc should be approximately -100 to -
500 volts, preferably about -200 to -60,
0 volts is better.

The charge injected into the uncharged toner particles is generated by a power source 18 (
Vc) is very large and depends on a number of other factors, such as the number of particle layers, the material used as M13, etc. Generally, uncharged toner particles carry a charge of about 10 to 65 microcoulombs/gram, preferably about 10 to 20 microcoulombs/gram. Such toner particles are electrically conductive enough to be attracted to the image on imaging station 10, but still sufficiently insulating to allow easy transfer to bond paper.

The power supply 20 (Vs) is mainly used for background control in the image area. In other words, it is meant to prevent electrically charged insulating toner particles from adhering to the background, and is approximately -75 to
-200 volts range, preferably about -75 to -
150 volts is good.

Charge injection electrode 16 can be made of any suitable material that can accept charge from power source 18 (Vc). Furthermore, such electrode 16 should be made of a material that is capable of injecting a positive or negative charge from electrode 16 to uncharged insulating toner particles in accordance with the present invention. Generally, a charge injection electrode or charging electrode is
Aluminum, 3 Made of metal materials such as steel and iron, preferably aluminum. The charging electrodes 1, 6 are not normally held in a fixed position, and typically have a foam backing (not shown) thereon, which allows them to contact the roller 12, but typically are charge injection electrode 16 and roller 12
The contact is prevented by the uncharged insulating toner particle layer existing between the toner particles and the insulating toner particles. Thus, the charging electrode 16 is spaced from the roller 12 by the distance of the insulating toner particle layer, the spacing being determined by the number of toner particle layers placed in the charging zone 19. The length of the charged area 19 can be any length so long as the aspects of the invention are achieved, but generally this length will be about 5 to 30 degrees, preferably about 10 to 20 degrees. Good net.

The directions of movement of roller 12 and imaging member 10 can be as shown, ie, in the same direction, or in opposite directions, ie, roller 12 is moved in a direction opposite to the direction of movement of imaging member IO. It can also be moved. Generally, the roller 12 moves at a speed faster than the moving speed of the imaging member 10, and the speed ratio between the roll 12 and the imaging member lo is about 4 to 4.
1, preferably about 2-3. Thus, in this example, roller 12 is moving at four times the speed of imaging member 10.

Pressure blade 17 can be made of a variety of suitable materials including plastic, nylon, steel, aluminum, etc.
The force exerted by the blade is sufficient to contact the imaging member 10 with the charged insulative toner particles. The force range is generally about 0,05~0-53Kg/
cIrL (0.3 to 3 lb/in), approximately 0.3 to 3 lb/in.
09 to 0.18 to 9A1n (0.5 to 1 lb/inch) is preferred.

The method and apparatus of the present invention can be used in various image forming apparatuses including, for example, an electrostatic latent image forming apparatus as shown in FIG. The xerographic imaging apparatus shown in FIG. 2 uses an imaging member 1 corresponding to imaging member 10 of FIG. In this example, the imaging member 1 has a base layer of N,N.

N/, N/-tetraphenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl-14,4'-diamine or similar diamine dispersed in polycarbonate as a transport layer coated with trigonal selenium generation. It can be constructed by coating with layers. Imaging member 1 moves in the direction of arrow 27 to advance successive sections of the imaging member through successive processing stations arranged around its path of travel. The image forming member 1 is wound around a sheet peeling roller 28, a tension applying means 29, and a drive roller 30. The tensioning means 29 have flanged rollers 31 on each side forming a path for the member 1 to pass, the rollers 31 being mounted at each end of a guide attached to a spring.
When attached, the spring 32 pulls on the roller 31 and applies tension to the imaging member 1, so that the member 1 is placed under a predetermined tension. The level of tension is relatively low, such that the member 1 can be easily deformed. Continuing with the explanation of FIG. 2, the drive roller 30 is attached to the member 1 so that it can contact and rotate. Motor 33 rotates roller 30 and advances member l in the direction of arrow 27. ″
The roller 30 and motor 33 are connected by a suitable means such as a belt drive. The sheet peeling roller 28 is mounted so that it can rotate freely, so that the member 1 can easily move in the direction of the arrow 27 with minimal friction.

Initially, a portion of the imaging member 1 is charged at a charging station 1.
pass through. At charging station H, a corona generator 34 charges the photoconductive surface of the imaging member to a relatively high, substantially uniform potential.

The charged portion of the photoconductive surface is then advanced to exposure station 1 . The original 35 is placed on a transparent platen 36 with the top and bottom facing downward. Lamp 37 irradiates the original with light, and the light reflected from original 35 passes through lens 38 to form an optical image.

Lens 38 focuses the light image onto the photoconductive surface and selectively dissipates the charge thereon. As a result, an electrostatic latent image is recorded on the photoconductive surface that corresponds to the informational areas contained in the document 35.

Imaging member 1 then advances the electrostatic latent image recorded thereon to development station J, where image forming member 1 contacts positively charged insulative toner particles 24'. The developer station J includes a roller 12 with a coating 13, a charge injection electrode 16, a toner supply m14, a pressure blade 17, a charging area 19, and insulating toner particles 2.
Contains 4. The details of charging the toner particles and adhering them to the image forming member are as described with reference to FIG.

Imaging member 1 then advances the toner image to a transfer station. At the transfer station, the moving support sheet 44 contacts the toner powder image. Support material sheet 44 is advanced to a transfer station by a sheet feeding device (not shown). Preferably, the sheet feeding device is such that the feeding roll contacts the top sheet of the sheet stack. The feed roll rotates to feed the top sheet from the stack to a chute, which guides the advancing support sheet and transfers the developed toner/powder image at transfer station K to the advancing support sheet. The timing is adjusted so that the parts are in contact with each other.
8. Contact the photoconductive surface of the photoconductive surface.

Transfer station K is equipped with a corona generator 46 that bombards the backside of sheet 44 with ions to attract a toner powder image to sheet 44 from the photoconductive surface. After transfer, sheet 44 moves on a conveyor (not shown) in the direction of arrow 48 to fusing station L.

A fixing device 50 for permanently fixing the transferred toner o/f image to the sheet 44 is installed at the fixing station. Preferably, the fixing device 50 has a heated fixing roller 52 and a backup roller 54. Sheet 44 passes between fuser roller 52 and backup roller 54, with the toner powder image contacting fuser roll 52. In this manner, the toner powder image is permanently affixed to sheet 44. After fusing, the chute guides the advancing sheet 44 to a catch tray, after which the sheet is removed from the copier.

Typically, some residual particles remain attached after separation of the sheet from the photoconductive surface of the imaging member L, and these residual particles are removed from the photoconductive surface at a cleaning station M. .

The cleaning station M is equipped with a fiber brush 56 that is recessed so that it can rotate in contact with the photoconductive surface, and as the brush 56 rotates in contact with the photoconductive surface. Particles are cleaned from the photoconductive surface. Following cleaning, a discharge lamp (not shown) illuminates the photoconductive surface with light to dissipate any residual static charge remaining thereon prior to charging for the next successive imaging cycle.

Having described the general operation of an electrostatographic printing apparatus incorporating features of the present invention, this description is believed to be sufficient for the purposes of this invention.

Imaging member 1'=! or 10 examples are amorphous selenium;
selenium and tellurium, selenium and arsenic, selenium and antimony,
An alloy of selenium, tellurium, and arsenic is f tr Selenium alloy:
Cadmium sulfide; zinc oxide; polyvinylcarbazole;
Inorganic and organic photosensitive materials such as layered organophotoreceptors containing all carbon dispersed in polymers as injection contact materials are coated with a transport layer, which is then coated with a generator layer, and finally an insulating organic resin (U.S. (See Patent No. 4,251..612)
It was overcoated with Ultimately, the coated layer consists of the base layer,
It is composed of a charge transport layer and a charge generation layer (see US Pat. No. 4,265,990, etc.).

Other organic photosensitive materials include 4-dimethyl-aminopennolidene; benzhydrazide: 2-benzylidene-amino-carbazole; (2-nitro-benzylidene)-1)-nia” lomoaniline: 2,4-diphenylquinazoline; 1,2,4-triazine; 1,5-diphenyl-3-methylpyrazoline; 2-(4'-dimethyl-aminophenyl)benzoxazole: 6-amino-carbazole: Holivinylcarpazole trinitrofluorenone charge transfer complex: Phthalocyanines; mixtures thereof and the like. Generally, as in the case of most organophotoreceptors = 7. When the VC photoreceptor is negatively charged, positively charged toner particles are used. On the other hand, when the photoreceptor is positively charged, as is the case with most inorganic βl photoreceptors such as selenium, negatively charged toner particles are used.

Examples of insulating toner resin materials that can be used include, for example, polyamide resins, epoxy resins, polyurethane resins, vinyl resins, and polymerized esterification products of diols and dicarboxylic acids comprising diphenols. The toner used in this device can be made of any suitable vinyl resin, including homopolymers or copolymers of two or more vinyl instanters. Typical examples of such vinyl-containing compounds include ethylenically unsaturated monoolefins such as styrene, p-chlorostyrene vinylnaphthalene, ethylene, flopylene, butylene, and isobutylene:
Vinyl esters such as vinyl chloride, vinyl bromide, vinyl fluoride, vinyl acetate, vinyl zoropionate, vinyl acetate, etc.: methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, n
-octyl acrylate, 2-chloroethyl acrylate,
Esters of alpha methylene aliphatic monocarboxylic acids such as phenyl acrylate, alpha 2-methyl chloroacrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate; acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, acrylamide, vinyl methyl ether, vinyl isofthyl ether vinyl ethers such as vinyl ethyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether; vinyl ketones such as vinyl methyl ketone, vinyl hexyl ketone, and methyl isozolobenyl ketone; vinylidene halides such as vinylidene chloride and vinylidene chlorofluoride; N-vinylindole, N-vinylpyrolidene, etc.; There are mixtures of them.

Generally, toner resins containing relatively high percentages of styrene are preferred because they can be used to
This is because the outline and density of the image are improved. The styrene resin used is preferably a styrene homopolymer or a styrene homologue, which is a styrene copolymer having another monomer group containing a single methylene group bonded to carbon atoms by a double bond. Any of the above representative monomer units can be copolymerized with cystyrene by addition polymerization. Styrenic resins can also be made by polymerizing mixtures of two or more unsaturated 11i-mer materials and styrene monomers.

The addition polymerization methods used include known polymerization methods such as free radical anionic polymerization, cationic polymerization, and the like. Although any of these vinyl resins can be mixed with as many resins as desired, other vinyl resins with excellent triboelectric properties and uniform resistance to physical degradation are available. Very talented. Additionally, non-vinyl thermoplastic resins can be used, including modified phenol formaldehyde resins, oil-modified ryz-oxy resins, polyurethane resins, cellulose resins, polyether resins, and mixtures thereof.

In addition, ester products of dicarboxylic acids and diols comprising diphenols can also be used as the preferred resin material in the toner formulations of this invention. These materials are illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 3,655,374 and
For reference, the diphenol reactant is of the formula starting from line 5 in column 4 of the above patent, and the nocarboxylic acid is of the formula shown in column 6 of the above patent. be.

The most suitable electrophotographic resins are methacrylic acid copolymer, styrene vinyl toluene copolymer, styrene acrylic acid copolymer, polyester resin, and U.S. Reissue Patent No. 24,13.
6, and U.S. Pat. No. 2,788,28.
It is obtained from a mixture of polystyrene as described in No. 8.

The diameter of the toner resin particles varies, but is generally about 5
~30 microns, preferably about 10-20 microns.
Micron is better. The resin is present such that the sum of all components of the toner is about 100%. Thus, if the alkylpyridine compound is present at 5% by weight and a pigment such as carbon black is present at about 10% by weight, about 85% by weight resin material is used.

A variety of suitable pigments or dyes can be used as colorants for the toner particles, and such materials are well known, such as carbon black, nigrosine dye, aniline blue, cal5co-oil, etc. Blue, Chrome Yellow, Ultramarine Blue, DuPont Oil Red, Methylene Blue Chloride, Phthalocyanine Blue, and mixtures thereof. The amount of pigment or dye should be sufficient to form a clear visible image on the recording surface. For example, if you want to copy a manuscript using ordinary xerographic methods, Topoo may contain black pigments such as carbon black or National Aniline Co., Ltd.
ational Aniline Products
A black dye can be included, such as Amaplast black dye, available from Amaplast, Inc.). Pigments are preferably used in amounts ranging from about 3% to 20%, based on the total weight of the toner, although significantly lower amounts can be used if dyes are used as toner particles.

Additionally, toner resins such as magnetite Mavico Black (Mapic) can be used as a replacement for, or in addition to, colorants to make magnetic toners.

6 Black).

Generally, magnetite is present in an amount of about 40% to 80% by weight, preferably about 50% to 70% by weight.

As a second feature of the invention, the insulating toner particles can contain charge enhancing additives such as quaternary ammonium compounds, argylpyridium such as cetylpyridium chloride. Charge-enhancing additives are present in amounts of about 0.5% to 10% by weight and generally impart a positive charge to the toner resin, and are therefore primarily used only to positively charge toner particles at injection electrodes. Ru.

Other modifications of this invention will occur to those skilled in the art after reading this disclosure and are considered to be within the scope of this invention. Here, what is considered to be within the scope of the present invention is one in which a means for transporting insulating toner particles and a means for applying an electric charge to the insulating toner particles are in a working relationship, and the transporting means and a method and apparatus for charging insulating toner particles, characterized in that a voltage is applied to the injection means at a predetermined potential. The charged toner particles can then be attracted to a flexible or rigid imaging member in an electrostatographic imaging device as shown.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a front view showing a developing apparatus and developing method according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional electrostatographic image forming apparatus using the apparatus and method according to the present invention. In the figure, the reference numbers of main elements are as follows. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Image forming part, 7... Charge charging device according to the present invention, IO... Image forming member, 12... Roller, 13
... Film, 14 ... Toner supply tank, 16 ... Charging electrode, 17 ... Pressure blade, 18 ... Voltage source, 1
9...Charging area, 20...Voltage source, 24...Insulating toner particles, 24'...Positively charged toner particles, 28...Sheet peeling roller, 29...Tension application Means, 30... Drive roller, 31... Roller, 32.
...Spring, 33...Motor, 34...Corona generator, 35...Document, 36...Transparent platen, 37...
... Lamp, 38 ... Lens, 44 ... Supporting material sheet, 46 ... Corona generating device, 50 ... Fixing device,
52... Fixing roller, 54... Backup roller, 56... Fiber brush, H... Charging station, 1... Exposure station, J... Developing station, K... Transfer station, L: Fixing station, M: Cleaning station. 9

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] (1) A roller having a film on its surface, a toner supply means containing uncharged insulating toner particles, a charge injection means, and a voltage source for the charge injection means. and a voltage source for the roller are in operative relationship, the charge injection means injecting a charge into uncharged insulative toner particles adhering to the roller, and the injection means for injecting a charge between the roller and the roller. 1. A device for charging uncharged insulating toner particles, characterized in that charging is carried out in four charging zones using charge injection means. (2) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a positive charge is injected into the uncharged insulating toner particles. (3) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a negative charge is injected into the uncharged insulating toner particles. (4) The roller is textured, has a diameter of about 2654 to 7.62 t1n (1 to 3 inches), and has a surface thickness of about 2.54 to 127 μm (0.1 to 5 inches).
2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the device is provided with a coating of MIL. (5) The length of the charging area is about 5 to 30 m, and the distance between the charge injection means and the roller is about 12.7 to 50 m.
．． 8 ttm (0.5-2 mils). (6) the voltage source for the injection means is about 100 to 500;
A device according to claim 1 for supplying a port charge. (7) the voltage source for the injection means is about -100 to -5;
2. A device as claimed in claim 1 for supplying a charge of 0.00 volts. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said uncharged toner particles receive a charge of about 10 to 35 microcoulombs per gram. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said roller is made of aluminum, said coating is Krylon matte black paint, and said injection means is made of aluminum. α0) The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an imaging member, onto which the charged toner particles are attracted. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the imaging member is comprised of an inorganic or organic material. 02) The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the imaging member comprises a base layer coated with a charge transport layer and further coated with a charge generating layer thereon. (13) Charging means, image forming means, developing means, transfer means,
The developing means includes a roller having a coating on its surface, a toner supplying means containing uncharged insulating toner particles, and a charge injection means.
A voltage source for the charge injection means and a voltage source for the roller are in an operative relationship, and a charge is injected from the charge injection means into uncharged insulating toner particles adhering to the roller. , wherein the injection is carried out in a charging area surrounded by the roller and the charge injection means, so that charged insulating toner particles are attracted onto the imaging member. Image forming device. (1) The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein a positive charge or a negative charge is injected into the uncharged insulating toner particles. 500
14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the device provides a charge of Zalto or about -100 to -500. (16) The roller is made to have a texture, the length of the charged area is about 5 to 33 mm, and the distance between the injection means and the roller is about 12.7 to 50.8 μm.
(0.5-2 mils). 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein said roller is made of aluminum, said coating is Krylon matte black paint, and said injection means is made of aluminum. (18) The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the image forming member is made of an inorganic material or an organic material, and the toner particles are made of a styrene-butyl methacrylate copolymer and carbon black. . 19. The device of claim 18, wherein: (1) said organic material comprises a base layer coated with a charge transport layer and further coated with a charge generation layer thereon. (2) The voltage source for the roller is about -75 to -20
14. The device of claim 13 for supplying a charge of 0 volts. +21) supplying uncharged insulating toner particles onto a roller having a coating on its surface, contacting the toner particles with the charge injection electrode in a charged area surrounded by the roller and the charge injection electrode; providing a power source for the charge injection electrode and providing a power source for the roller, the uncharged insulative toner particles being injected with a charge; A method of charging toner particles. (221 The voltage source for the roller is about 100 to 5'0
22. The method of claim 21, wherein the application of zero charge results in injecting a positive charge into the uncharged insulating toner particles. 123) The voltage source for the roller is about -100 to -5
Claim 21: As a result of applying a charge of 0.0071 volts, a negative charge is injected into the uncharged insulating toner particles.
The method described in section. 04) The roller is made of aluminum. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein said coating comprises Krylon matte black paint and said injection electrode comprises aluminum. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the charged insulative toner particles are subsequently adsorbed onto an imaging member. (26) The method of claim 21, wherein the imaging member is made of an inorganic or organic material. (27) The method of claim 26, wherein the roller is moving at a faster speed than the imaging member. (2) The method of claim 26, wherein the roller and the image forming member move in the same direction. (2) The method according to claim 26, wherein the roller and the image forming member move in opposite directions Method 0 according to item 26 (g) The roller is made to have a texture,
The length of the charging area is about 5 to 30 m, and the distance between the charge injection electrode and the roller is about 12.7 to 50°8μ.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein m (0.5 to 2 mils). 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the toner particles receive a charge of about 10 to 65 microcoulombs/gram. G2 The method of claim 26, wherein the organic material comprises a base layer coated with a charge transport layer and further coated with a charge generation layer C33) The organic material comprises a base layer coated with a charge generation layer. 27. The method of claim 26, further comprising a base layer coated with a charge transport layer. 04) A means for transporting insulating toner particles and a means for injecting charge into the insulating toner particles are in an operative relationship, and the transport means and the injection means are connected to a voltage at a predetermined potential. A device for charging insulating toner particles. 0! 65. The apparatus of claim 64, wherein said conveying means is a roller, said injection means is a charge injection electrode, and both means are energized to a predetermined potential by a voltage source. (to) Claim 34, further comprising means for supplying uncharged insulating toner particles to the conveying means.
Apparatus described in section. C371 charging means, image forming means, developing means, transfer means,
a fixing means and an adjusting means, the developing means comprising a means for transporting insulative toner particles and a means for injecting charge into the insulative toner particles in an operative relationship; and an electrostatographic image forming apparatus, wherein a voltage is applied to the injection means at a predetermined potential, so that charged insulative toner particles are attracted onto the image forming member. (■) dispensing uncharged insulating toner particles onto a conveying means; and contacting the insulating toner particles with means for injecting a charge into the insulating toner particles; A method for charging insulating toner particles, characterized in that the insulating toner particles are injected with a charge by applying a voltage to a predetermined potential to the insulating toner particles.