JPS5824705B2 - absorption refrigerator - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an absorption refrigerating machine capable of simultaneously taking out cold and hot water, which can perform refrigeration work and hot water production at the same time.

In a conventional absorption refrigerator, for example, as shown in Figure 1,
Evaporator 9, absorber 11, first generator 1, second generator 5,
In an absorption refrigerator consisting of a condenser 7, a first solution heat exchanger 13, and a second solution heat exchanger 14, the hot water heat exchanger 4 is connected to the main cycle piping 31 of the first generator 1 via a bypass pipe 32. Pipes 33 and 34 are provided and lead from the hot water heat exchanger 4 to the condenser 7 or the evaporator 9, or the condenser 7 and the evaporator 9.
Be prepared.

A detector 17 such as a thermostat for detecting the chilled water outlet temperature is installed in the tube 29 of the evaporator 9, and the sensor 17 is connected to the control valve 3 in the refrigerant vapor piping of the tube 25 of the second generator 5 via the calculator 18 and the absorber. The first generator 1 is provided with a cold water outlet temperature control mechanism that can control the bypass valve 19 in the absorption solution piping 30 of the generator 11, and the first generator 1 is equipped with a detector 22 for detecting pressure or temperature, and a detector 22 connected thereto. A controlled fuel supply valve 23 constitutes a pressure or temperature control mechanism for the first generator 1 .

Further, a heating tube 24 provided in the hot water heat exchanger 4
A thermostat 16 is provided at the outlet of the bypass pipe 32 and is connected to control the control valve 2 in the bypass pipe 32.

In addition, a drain trap 6 is installed in the pipe 33,
A drain trap 8 is also provided in the pipe 26 connecting the second generator 5 to the condenser 7.

In the figure, 10 is a refrigerant pump, 12 is a solution pump, 15 is a spray pipe, and 20 is a water level detector, which is installed in the evaporator 9 and controls a control valve 21 in a solution pipe 28.

25 is a generator tube, 27 is a condenser tube, 29 is an evaporator tube, 35 is an economizer, 36 is a fuel supply pipe, 37.3B, 39.40 are piping, and 41 is an absorber tube.

The steam heated and separated in the first generator 1 is guided to the hot water heat exchanger 4 and the second generator 5 via control valves 2 and 3.

The steam led to the hot water heat exchanger 4 heats the hot water, becomes condensed water, and returns to the condenser 7 via the drain trap 6.

On the other hand, the steam led to the second generator 5 heats the intermediate concentration solution, evaporates and separates the refrigerant from the solution, condenses itself, and passes through the drain trap 8 to condensate from the hot water heat exchanger 4. It returns to the condenser 7 together with water.

The condensed water (refrigerant) accumulated in the condenser 7 is reduced in pressure and returned to the evaporator 9.

In the evaporator 9, the refrigerant pump 10 spreads the refrigerant onto the heat exchanger tubes, and evaporates the cooled water by taking heat from the cold water inside the heat exchanger tubes.

This evaporated refrigerant gas is absorbed into the concentrated solution stored in the absorber 11, and the solution becomes a dilute solution.

The dilute solution passes through the solution pump 12, the first solution heat exchanger 13, and the second solution heat exchanger 14, increases its temperature, and returns to the first generator 1.

In the first generator 1, the solution concentrated to an intermediate concentration is heated in the second generator 5 by the heated steam from the first generator 1 and concentrated to a predetermined concentrated solution, and then the solution is heated through the first solution heat exchange. It returns to the absorber 11 via the vessel 13.

In this way, even when the hot water side is loaded, the refrigerant is always supplied into the refrigerant cycle, that is, into the refrigerant line from the heating side of the second generator to the condenser and/or evaporator, and the refrigeration effect is maintained. It is now possible to increase the

Furthermore, the control system can take out the cold water and hot water loads at any rate.

That is, when the hot water load increases and the hot water temperature decreases, the control valve 2 opens in response to a command from the hot water outlet thermostat 16 to obtain a predetermined temperature (that is, hot water capacity).

On the other hand, the chilled water load is controlled by the chilled water outlet thermostat 1.
This is done by controlling the control valve 3 and controlling the amount of water vapor sent to the second generator 5 according to the command 7.

When such a device is used for heating and cooling, it can be used, for example, to produce condensed refrigerant (refrigeration) obtained from hot water production.

If the amount of refrigerant (capacity) is greater than the amount required for the chilled water load, or if the chilled water load is close to zero and only the hot water load is present, more or unnecessary refrigerant is supplied to the refrigerant cycle and the refrigerant is
Returning to the evaporator via a line from the generator or condenser or condenser to the evaporator is not possible.On the other hand, since the chilled water load is relatively small, evaporation and absorption of the refrigerant can be suppressed, so the evaporator As it accumulates, the solution becomes concentrated and tends to form crystals.

For this purpose, it was necessary to return the refrigerant to the solution side as appropriate.
In the device shown in FIG. 1, when the water level in the evaporator 9 rises, the water level detector 20 is activated and the control valve 21 is opened to
I was trying to set it back to 1.

However, in this case, it was necessary to also operate an unnecessary cooling device when only heating operation was performed.

The present invention provides a path for returning the refrigerant led from the first generator to the hot water heat exchanger to the first generator and a path leading to the second generator, and controls the control valves interposed in each path to load the hot water. And/or by controlling by chilled water load, it eliminates the above-mentioned drawbacks of the conventional method and eliminates unnecessary The purpose is to provide a safe and efficient absorption refrigerator by preventing the crystallization of the solution by not introducing the refrigerant into the refrigerant cycle, and by automatically limiting or stopping unnecessary cooling operations. be.

The present invention provides a dual-effect absorption refrigerator equipped with an evaporator, an absorber, a first generator, a second generator, a condenser, and a hot water heat exchanger. The refrigerant condensed in the hot water heat exchanger can be returned to the first generator by a path that includes a steam line that is introduced into the exchanger and is equipped with a control valve between the hot water heat exchanger and the first generator. The hot water heat exchanger and the second generator are connected to each other through a route equipped with a control valve, so that the refrigerant generated in the first generator passes through the hot water heat exchanger and then to the second generator. This is a dual-effect absorption refrigerating machine, characterized in that the control valves are connected so that they can be introduced into the refrigerator, and each of the control valves can be controlled according to a hot water load and/or a cold water load.

The present invention will be described with reference to the drawings in accordance with embodiments. FIG. 2 shows an evaporator 9, an absorber 11, a first generator 1, a second generator 5, a condenser 7, a first solution heat exchanger 13, In an absorption refrigerator consisting of a second solution heat exchanger 14, a first generator 1
The entire amount of high-temperature refrigerant vapor generated in the hot water heat exchanger 42 is introduced into the hot water heat exchanger 42 through a pipe 49, and a portion of the refrigerant condensed in the hot water heat exchanger 42 is transferred to the first generator through a pipe 45 equipped with a control valve 43. 1, the remaining refrigerant is introduced into the second generator 5 through a pipe 46 equipped with a control valve 44, and after heating the intermediate solution in the second generator 5, it is returned to the condenser 7. There is.

A detector such as a thermostat 17 for detecting the cold water outlet temperature is installed in the tube 29 of the evaporator 9, and this is connected to the piping 45 connecting the hot water heat exchanger 42 and the first generator 1 via the calculator 1B. Equipped with a cold water outlet temperature control mechanism capable of controlling both the interposed control valve 43 or the interposed control valve 44 disposed in the piping 46 connecting the hot water heat exchanger 42 and the second generator 5. There is.

Furthermore, these control valves may be controlled by detecting changes in hot water load instead of detecting changes in cold water load, or may be controlled based on both cold water load and hot water load.

The first generator 1 also has a detector 2 for detecting pressure or temperature.
2 and a fuel supply valve 23 that is connected and controlled by this, constitute a pressure or temperature control mechanism.

The entire amount of the refrigerant heated and separated by the first generator 1 is guided to the hot water heat exchanger 42 through a pipe 49.

The refrigerant vapor guided to the hot water heat exchanger 42 heats the hot water and becomes a condensed refrigerant.

A refrigerant reservoir 47 and a refrigerant outlet 4 are provided at the bottom of the hot water heat exchanger 42.
The refrigerant liquid accumulated in the refrigerant reservoir 47 is returned to the first generator 1 through a pipe 45 equipped with a control valve 43, and the condensed refrigerant and vapor refrigerant are discharged from the refrigerant outlet 48 to the control valve 44. It is guided to the second generator 5 by a pipe 46 equipped with an intervening pipe.

The refrigerant introduced into the second generator 5 heats the intermediate concentration solution, evaporates and separates the refrigerant from the solution, and returns to the condenser 7 via the pipe 26.

The condensed refrigerant accumulated in the condenser 7 is reduced in pressure and returned to the evaporator 9.

In the evaporator 9, the refrigerant pump 10 spreads the refrigerant over the heat transfer tubes, and evaporates the cooled water by taking away heat from the cold water inside the heat transfer tubes.

This evaporated refrigerant gas is absorbed into the concentrated solution stored in the absorber 11, and the solution becomes a dilute solution.

The dilute solution passes through the solution pump 12, the first solution heat exchanger 13, and the second solution heat exchanger 14, increases its temperature, and returns to the first generator 1.

The chilled water load is controlled by controlling the control valve 44 in response to a command from the chilled water outlet thermostat 17 to control the amount of refrigerant sent to the second generator 5.

In this case, the control valve 43 may be interposed in the pipe 45 and controlled by a command from the outlet thermostat 17, or both may be controlled simultaneously.

When the cold water load decreases to zero, the control valve 44 can be closed and the first generator 1 and the hot water heat exchanger 42 can form a dedicated hot water circuit, eliminating the need to operate unnecessary equipment. Not only that, but you can drive safely without the need for crystals.

To control the hot water load when cold water and hot water are being taken out simultaneously, the temperature is detected by the hot water outlet temperature detector 50 and the control valve of the three-way valve 51 provided in the hot water piping of the hot water heat exchanger 42 is controlled. This controls the hot water and prevents fluctuations in the hot water load from becoming an external factor in the cold water cycle during simultaneous extraction.

When the chilled water load becomes zero, when configuring a hot water dedicated circuit, it is detected that the chilled water load becomes zero and the pulp 52, 53, 4 is activated.
4 to configure a hot water dedicated circuit.

Control of the hot water is then switched from three-way valve control to control of the heating source of the first generator 1.

That is, the hot water outlet temperature is detected and the amount of heated gas is controlled by the fuel supply valve 23 serving as a control valve.

Furthermore, all high-temperature steam leaving the first generator 1 must be input into the hot water heat exchanger 42 to reduce the degree of supermaturity, and then the steam solution is heated in the second generator 5.

Since the solution contains LiBr etc., it tends to promote corrosion of the material, and the higher the temperature of the solution, the more likely it is to corrode. However, in this embodiment, the steam always passes through the hot water heat exchanger 42 to reduce the degree of superheating. Since the temperature does not get too high, there are fewer problems with corrosion.

Under conditions where there is little risk of corrosion, or when the refrigerant returned to the refrigerant cycle via the hot water heat exchanger is returned to the condenser etc. without returning to the heating side of the second generator, the piping 49 and the second generator 5 A bypass pipe with a control valve is provided, and when there is a heating load, a constant amount of steam is guided to the second generator.
It is also possible to detect when there is no heating load and open the control valve to directly guide the entire amount of refrigerant vapor to the second generator 5.

FIG. 3 shows the structure of another embodiment of the hot water heat exchanger 42, in which the flow of the refrigerant sent from the hot water heat exchanger 42 to the second generator 5 is connected to the piping 54 of the liquid thread path and the flow of gas. It is divided.

The liquid accounts for 2 of the heat transferred to the second generator.
~3%, so the liquid pipe 54 is not provided and the gas pipe 55 is
Alternatively, the refrigerant may be introduced into the second generator from the hot water heat exchanger.

57 and 56 are control valves that are controlled by cold water load or hot water load.

In the case where chilled water control is the main control, a desirable control is to detect the chilled water load and, accordingly, preferentially control the sending of the refrigerant from the hot water heat exchanger to the refrigerant cycle, for example, the second generator, and to 1 The feed to the generator is sub-controlled by the hot water load or the cold water load.

In Fig. 3, 58 is a baffle plate installed at the top of the hot water heat exchanger, which prevents the refrigerant that has flowed into the hot water heat exchanger from the first generator from flowing out into the second generator without making sufficient contact with the heat exchanger. It was designed to make you laugh.

FIG. 4 shows another embodiment in which a pipe 49 and a pipe 55 are provided to separate the internal heat transfer tube group 60 of the hot water heat exchanger 42 in order to obtain the same effect as the baffle plate 58.

The present invention provides a dual-effect absorption refrigerator equipped with an evaporator, an absorber, a first generator, a second generator, a condenser, and a hot water heat exchanger. The refrigerant condensed in the hot water heat exchanger is returned to the first generator by a path having a steam line introduced into the exchanger and having a control valve interposed between the hot water heat exchanger and the first generator. In addition, each hot water heat exchanger and the second generator are connected to each other by a route equipped with a control valve, so that the refrigerant generated in the first generator passes through the hot water heat exchanger and then to the second generator. By communicating so as to be able to be introduced into the generator and controlling each of the control valves by the hot water load and/or the cold water load,
When the refrigerant load decreases or disappears or becomes unbalanced with respect to the hot water load, the refrigerant that is no longer needed is put into the solution cycle instead of the refrigerant cycle to prevent crystallization of the solution. In addition, unnecessary cooling side operation is automatically restricted and stopped, and the high temperature steam reduces the degree of superheating via a hot water heat exchanger, so there is less risk of corrosion, and conventional During air conditioning operation, the entire amount of refrigerant condensed in the hot water heat exchanger used for heating was returned to the first generator, so the amount of heat used to heat the hot water was not used for cooling and was wasted. However, since it can be used as a necessary heat source for air conditioning, thermal efficiency can be greatly improved, and it is possible to provide a safe and efficient absorption refrigerator with good controllability, which has a practical and safety point of view. It has a very canine effect.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is a system diagram of an example of a conventional absorption refrigerator, Figure 2 is a system diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, and Figures 3 and 4 are hot water heat exchangers of different embodiments of the present invention. This is a diagram of the nearby area. 1... First generator, 2, 3... Control valve, 4
...Hot water heat exchanger, 5...Second generator, 6...Drain trap, 7...Condenser, 8...Drain trap, 9...Evaporator, 10...Refrigerant pump, 11
...Absorber, 12...Solution pump, 13...First
Solution heat exchanger, 14...Second solution heat exchanger, 16.1
7... Thermostat, 18... Arithmetic unit, 19...
- Bypass valve, 20... Water level detector, 21... Control valve, 22... Detector, 23... Fuel supply valve, 31... Piping, 32... Bypass pipe, 33.34
...Piping, 35...Economizer, 36...Fuel supply pipe, 42...Hot water heat exchanger, 43.44...Control valve, 47...Refrigerant reservoir, 48...Refrigerant extraction mouth, 51
...Three-way valve, 56.57...Control valve.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In a dual-effect absorption refrigerator equipped with an evaporator, an absorber, a first generator, a second generator, a condenser, and a hot water heat exchanger, the entire amount of refrigerant vapor generated in the first generator is converted into hot water heat. A steam line is provided to introduce the steam into the exchanger, and the hot water heat exchanger and the first
The hot water heat exchanger and the second generator are connected to each other through a path equipped with an intervening control valve so that the refrigerant condensed in the hot water heat exchanger can be returned to the first generator. The refrigerant generated in the first generator can be introduced into the second generator after passing through the hot water heat exchanger through a path equipped with a control valve, and the refrigerant can be connected to the second generator by a hot water load and/or a cold water load. There is also a dual-effect absorption refrigeration system characterized by being able to control each of the control valves.