JPS58204297A - Method and apparatus for drilling ground - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a ground excavation method and apparatus. More specifically, the present invention relates to an excavation method in the shield method or the propulsion method, and an excavation device used to carry out the method.

In the shield construction method and the propulsion method, a rotating blade part is attached to the tip of the tubular body, and the rotation of the blade part scrapes off the platform in front, and the scraped platform is carried outside and the tubular body is sequentially propelled. go. In this case, the cutting edge is a disc-shaped surface or a spoke-shaped arm with cutting blades called bits protruding from it, and the cutting blades are arranged so as to cut almost the entire front platform. used. Therefore, in the shield construction method and the propulsion construction method, the entire surface of the ground in front of the building was scraped away, resulting in a circular planar cut surface.

The shield method and the propulsion method can efficiently excavate the front ground when it is made of soil or gravel. However, this method cannot excavate efficiently if the ground is made of rock. For example, if the entire front ground is made of rock or the lower half is made of rock, the required cutter torque will increase with this method, making it impossible to excavate the rock. Therefore, in the past, the excavation by the excavator was stopped and the pick or breaker was removed.
We had no choice but to switch to a manual digging method using Digging efficiency with manual digging was poor, and the efficiency dropped to a few minutes.

On the other hand, for excavating rocks, a machine called a tunnel polling machine (hereinafter referred to as TBM) has been used for a long time. There are various types of TBMs, but the main one is to forcibly rotate the cutting edge with a large number of cutting blades on the front side using a strong torque, which is useful for cutting soft rocks. It moves forward while cutting rocks, and when it comes to hard rocks, it rotates the cutting edge with a roller bit or disc cutter attached to the front, and uses the roller bit or disc cutter to grind the rock and move forward. TBM is extremely effective for digging tunnels with large cross sections in places where traps and rocks exist over long distances, such as tunnels in mountainous areas. However, TBMs have the disadvantage of being buried in soil or gravel, which collapses, making it impossible to move, and therefore, TBMs can no longer be used.

Therefore, it was necessary to improve the shield method and propulsion method so that they can be excavated more efficiently even if rocks are encountered. In particular, in the process of the shield method and propulsion method, even if the ground initially appears to be dirt or gravel, as it is excavated, it turns into rock, and a little beyond that, mud created by weathering of the rock is deposited. As such, the ground often changed rapidly. Therefore, it is necessary to devise a construction method that allows efficient excavation in any type of ground.

This inventor changed the method of cutting or grinding most of the pan face of the rock in front of the rock, and decided to cut or grind the surface of the rock in front of the rock partially. It is advantageous to simply dig a trench, make an annular cut consisting of several concentric circles, and then allow the remaining part to collapse naturally or be removed by crushing it, and repeating this process to excavate the rock. I found that. The reason why this is advantageous is that in this way, the area to be dug is small, so it is easy to make the first trench, and it is easier to crush the remaining rock later.
This is because it requires less energy than digging a trench. It was also found that this method makes excavation easier even when the ground in front is soil or gravel.

This is because soil and gravel can easily collapse during the initial trench digging, and the collapsed soil and gravel can be dropped directly into the cutting edge and discharged. This invention was made based on such knowledge.

In this FIA, the front ground is excavated in a circular manner to form multiple concentric annular grooves, leaving an unexcavated area wider than the excavated area between the annular grooves, and the remaining topsoil in the unexcavated area is larger than the groove bottom. The present invention relates to a method for excavating the ground, which is characterized in that, after reaching protrusion, the remaining topsoil is removed by natural collapse or crushing.

In connection with the above-mentioned method, an apparatus for carrying out the method has been invented, and in an excavating device equipped with a rotating cutting edge at the tip, on the front surface of the cutting edge, A large number of cutting blades are attached to positions with different distances from the center of rotation. However, the flatness of the above two cutting blades! This invention relates to an excavation rig characterized by having a larger I width.

Since the method of this invention can be easily understood once the invention of the device is understood, the device will be explained first. FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view of an excavation device according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of a portion of FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a front elevational view of the cutting edge of the excavating device according to the present invention. FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of the excavation equipment according to the present invention. FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing the state of excavation when the ground is excavated by the method of this invention.

In Figures 1 to 3, / indicates the cutting edge of the drilling equipment;
2 is the rotating blade mouth, 3 the center of the blade mouth 2 is 1.2/2
．． lId The three arms that make up the cutting edge 2, 3 or 3 are the cutting blades, a to C are the distances from the center 3 to the cutting blades or g-E, V and WSU are the widths of the cutting blades or g, respectively. It is.

The excavating device according to the present invention has a cutting edge portion at the tip of the tubular body.
It is equipped with the following. The blade mouth part// is an example of a structure in which three arms 2/ or 2J extending radially within a cylinder// are fixed, and a large gap is provided between the arms. If half of the front ground is made of collapsible gravel, this gap will
Sometimes it is covered with a face plate. Since the cylinder // is rotatable, as the cylinder // rotates, arm 2/ or
23 will also rotate around the center 3.

On the front of arm 2/2j, there is a cutting blade, 51K.
...is fixed. Each of these cutting blades is designed to dig an independent annular groove in the ground in front of it when the cutting edge is rotated. In other words, these cutting blades are
Even if all work together, the entire front of the ground will not be cut, but will only excavate less than half, usually less than a third, preferably less than a tenth of the area of the face of the ground. It's loud. This relationship will be explained based on the structure and arrangement of the cutting blades as follows.

In FIG. 2, cutting blades other than cutting blade 3 in the center,
51g... are all made of a material having a small width, that is, a length in the radial direction.

That is, the cutting blade 1. Each of s, l... is
All of them are made of a single plate that is curved to form a -circular arc with the radius in the thickness direction, and they are arranged so that the arc is the same as the circumference around the center 3. There is. The reason for this arrangement is as follows. That is, in order to reduce the cutting energy, the width of the groove to be dug must be reduced. For this purpose, the width of the cutting edge, that is, the length in the radial direction must be reduced. However, when the width is reduced, conventional cutting blades tend to bend and break during cutting. Therefore, in order to prevent this, the length extending in the circumferential direction is increased. In this way, the cutting blade becomes plate-shaped.

However, if the cutting blade is made of a plate and shaped into a flat plate, extra resistance will be generated when cutting in an annular shape. Therefore, the plate was bent into an arc shape, and the arc corresponded to the circumference at the position where the cutting blade was attached. This cutting blade has a very unique structure in that it is made of a plate bent into an arc.

Further, the cutting blades G, J, L, . . . are attached at a large distance from each other in the radial direction. That is, the cutting blade
jS/) ......, even if the distance between the two cutting blades that are closest to each other from the center of rotation to the attachment position of the cutting blade on the front surface of the cutting edge is the difference in the distance. , are attached in such a relationship that the width is larger than the average width of the two cutting edges. More specifically, the innermost cutting blade is made of a plate with a thickness of ■ and is bent to form an arc with a radius of a, and a circle with a radius of a drawn around the center 3. 1 arm 2.2 so that the arc is on the circumference
It is very busy. Then another cutting edge, which is closest to the cutting edge at a radial distance from the center of rotation, is similarly bent to form an arc of radius 3, drawn around the center 3. It is located on the circumference of the radius and is erected on another arm, 2/. The difference between the radius and a is 11 of the cutting blade and j! It is larger than both ilv and W, usually larger than the sum of ■ and W, preferably twice or more of the sum, and located at a large distance from each other.

FIG. 3 is an elevational view of the blade mouth section when viewed from the front. The figure shows the relationship in which the cutting blades or fins are arranged on the arms, 2/23. Looking outward from the center 3, a cutting blade with a width of ■ is set up on the arm 2 at a distance a from the center 3, and then on the arm 2. At a distance of b from 3,
A cutting blade j having a width W is attached, and then a cutting blade Z having a width ■ is attached on the radius 3 at a distance C from the center 3.

Here, distances a, b, and c gradually increase in this order, but the difference between these distances is (b − a ) and (c
-b) is much larger than the widths V, W, and H of the cutting blade. Therefore, when the blade mouth part / is rotated, the locus drawn by the cutting blade becomes a large number of concentric rings separated from each other, and these concentric rings are far apart, and even if all these concentric rings are put together, it will not be a cylinder / / It does not cover the entire inside.

When excavating the ground using an excavating device such as the one shown in Fig. 1, an annular groove with a width of V is dug by the cutting blade, and a cutting groove is placed at a distance of (b - a) from this. An annular groove with a width W is dug by the blade j. In this way, a number of grooves are simply dug concentrically and spaced apart in an annular manner. Furthermore, since (b-a) is larger than the average value of the widths V and W, a large unexcavated portion remains between the annular grooves in the form of an annular button.

In this way, when excavating an annular groove, the rotational torque is smaller than when excavating the entire surface and scraping it into a planar shape, making the excavation easier.

This is especially true when excavating rock. Further, after the annular groove is excavated in this manner, the unexcavated portion remains as an annular bulge, but even if it is rock, this can be easily crushed and removed by other means. Thus, when using this method, rock can be easily excavated.

When the annular protrusion is a rock, K can crush and remove it by various means as described below. For example, as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG.
and a lump X is provided at the root of I. Then, when the tip of the ring-shaped raised rock hits bump X, it is pushed sideways and breaks.
It's going to fall. In addition, the annular platform piece can be easily removed by crushing it with a breaker. In general, annular protuberances are free on both sides, so
Easy to crush.

If the front ground is made of soil or gravel, when an annular groove is formed, even the parts that are not cut will collapse, causing the front ground to collapse into a disk shape.

In such a case, if the fallen soil or gravel is directly taken into the blade mouth through the gap between the arms at the blade mouth, the excavation becomes easier.

Diamond or cemented carbide tips y are attached to the tip surfaces of the cutting blades d, j, l, etc. to make it easier to cut rocks. As shown in FIG. 5, the width of the tip y is several fins larger than the width of the cutting blades 5 and ♂, making it easier for the cutting blades j and ♂ to penetrate into the front rock 2. In this way, as shown in FIG. 5, a gap is created between the remaining annular protuberance 2 of the rock mass and the cutting blades j and I. This gap makes it easy for the tip of the annular protrusion 2 to collide with the bumps X attached to the roots of the cutting blades 5 and I, causing the annular protrusion 2 to fall down, generate a crack p, and break.

As the bumps X, as shown in FIG. 5, a wear-resistant metal welded to a part of the root of each cutting blade in the shape of a bump is sufficient. Provided only on one side of all cutting blades except for the outermost cutting blade. The direction in which it is provided should be on the outside when viewed from the center of rotation. The bump is provided so that it protrudes from the cutting blade, and when viewed from the side of the cutting blade,
It is preferable to provide it so that it appears as a circular protuberance with a radius of 10 to 3θ fins.

Width of cutting blade, 6z lz 7... (thickness of plate) V
WU...Equally, it can be small. The width is determined by making a cut in the rock in front, and placing the rock to be excavated on the side (
It is sufficient to provide even a small amount of room for it to fall (in the radial direction). For this purpose, it is advantageous that the width of the cutting edge is smaller, since this provides less resistance to digging. However, if the width is too small, the strength of the cutting blade will be weakened. From the point of view of strength, the wider the width of the cutting blade, the better. Furthermore, the protruding height of the cutting blade is also related, and the larger the protruding height, the greater the width needs to be in terms of strength. In this way, there are two contradictory constraints on the width of the cutting blade, but for excavation equipment with an outer diameter of /m to 2m, the width of the cutting blade should be set to /θ or 3θ, and the protrusion height should be set to 6.
0 to /jθ, the length in the arc direction is 10θ to jo
oTItlJI, and the cutting blades are attached so that there is a gap of about 100 degrees between the cutting blades closest to each other in the radial direction.

It is desirable that the cutting blades u, j, J, . . . be fixedly installed on the flat base in advance. For example, like the cutting blade 2 shown in Fig. 1, it is desirable to make the cutting blade 2 integrally from the beginning so that it stands upright on a flat base 2da. By doing so, the base 2da can be fixed onto the arm 2/ with the bolt 2j, making it easy to fix the cutting blade.

The drilling rig of the present invention has a structure as shown in FIG. 7 as a whole. In FIG. 7, the cutting edge part / is attached to the tip of the tubular body /θO, and cutting blades 3, da, j, . . . are attached to the tip of the cutting edge part/. The cutting edge part / is rotatably supported by a bearing 10 /, and a gear 70.2 is attached to the outer periphery of the rear part. Gear/θ2 is
The pinion 103 meshes with the pinion /θ3 and is supported by the pinion bearing /θ3. The pinion 103 is driven by the prime mover 10IK via the connecting rod 70.5. Multiple binions/θ3 pieces are attached, and in order to leave the inside of the blade mouth part as a work space, all of them are
located at the periphery of the

In order to move forward while determining the direction of movement of the excavating device, the cutting edge portion is swingable relative to the tubular body 10θ. For this purpose, a plurality of direction control jacks /θ2 are provided between the tubular main body 100 and the cutting edge part.
Depending on the extension of each jack /θ2, the cutting edge portion / can be tilted freely with respect to the tubular body 100. Further, a rear ring 70g is coaxially and slidably inserted into the rear end of the tubular body/θ0, and the rear ring 101? Using the shield jack 10 as a starting point, the tubular body θO and the blade opening can be pushed forward.

To fix the rear ring ioz there is an anchor/
// and an anchor jack //2 are attached so that the anchor /// can be projected laterally by the anchor jack //, 2.

Also, with the anchor /// protruding, the rear ring /
By fixing θg to the outer ground and retracting the shield jack, the tubular main body 700 can be pulled back.

Thereby, the cutting edge portion can be separated from the front ground, and the remaining annular ground can be safely and easily crushed. A plurality of anchors /// are arranged in the circumferential direction.

Inside the tubular body 100 are a screw conveyor //j and a belt conveyor //9 for transporting earth and sand. '4 is attached. In addition, in the figure, //, 5 is a level, //l is an operation panel, and //2 is a control panel.

A thin cylinder // is present at the outermost periphery of the blade mouth portion //, and the cylinder // has an outer diameter substantially equal to the outer diameter of the tubular body 100 and protrudes forward. Cutting blades are also attached to the tip surface of the cylinder// in some places or all over, and the front ground is circularly inclined and an annular groove is formed there.

In the excavating device according to the present invention, a large number of cutting blades are attached to positions at different distances from the center of rotation on the front surface of the cutting edge part, and among the cutting blades, two cutting blades having the closest distance to each other are attached. Even between
Since the width is larger than the average width of two cutting blades, if this is used for excavation, the cutting blades will simply cut and form separate annular grooves in the ground in front of the ground. Therefore, compared to conventional equipment that cuts the entire surface, this excavator requires less rotational torque, making it easier to excavate even in rocky areas, and allows for easy excavation even in sandy areas.
are doing. Therefore, according to the method of the present invention, initial excavation is easy. After excavating in this manner, if an annular residue is generated in the unexcavated portion of the rock in front, the residue can be easily crushed by other means. Therefore, according to the method of the present invention, it is possible to easily excavate both rock and gravel layers. In this respect, the drilling equipment and drilling method of the present invention are excellent.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view of an excavation device according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway enlarged perspective view of FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a front elevational view of the cutting edge of the excavating device according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the excavation device according to the present invention. FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing the state of excavation when the ground is excavated by the method of this invention. Patent applicant: Ryoji Kima Figure 1 Figure 2

Claims (1)

[Claims] / The front ground is excavated in a circular manner to form a plurality of concentric annular grooves, and between the annular grooves, a non-excavated portion that is wider than the excavated groove portion is left, so that the remaining soil in the non-excavated portion is A method for excavating the ground, which is characterized by allowing the soil to collapse naturally or by crushing and removing the remaining soil after it protrudes significantly from the bottom of the annular trench. In drilling equipment equipped with a rotating cutting edge at the tip,
A large number of cutting blades are attached to positions at different distances from the center of rotation on the front surface of the blade mouth, and even among the two cutting blades, the distance between them is the closest to each other. An excavating device characterized in that the distance between the two cutting blades is larger than the average width of the two cutting blades.