JPS58177864A - Controller for alternating current elevator - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] The present invention relates to a control device for an AC elevator.

There are two types of elevator operation: normal operation in which normal acceleration/deceleration control is performed, and emergency operation in which operation is performed in an emergency such as a power outage.

Conventionally, in AC elevators driven by three-phase induction motors, there is a control device for normal operation and a control device for emergency operation!
41 devices were prepared separately, and a system was adopted in which these devices were switched for operation.

One method is to use a ratio control device, usually composed of a thyristor, etc., during four rotations, to control the primary voltage of the induction motor during acceleration, and to supply torque to the primary winding of the induction motor during deceleration. By controlling the DC current, the DC braking torque is controlled by the speed F and the acceleration and deceleration are controlled. In the event of an emergency operation such as a shutdown or shutdown, the system is constructed of an emergency power source such as a battery and an inverter device that supplies R to three-phase AC voltage, and then switches to the next emergency operation device for operation. .

However, the above dd method requires a special emergency operation control device consisting of a battery and an inverter in addition to the normal operation control device, which has the drawback of significantly increasing the cost of the device. Furthermore, during normal operation, the induction motor is controlled within a large range of speed during both acceleration and deceleration, resulting in problems such as large rotor loss and increased power consumption.

Therefore, as a method to solve these problems, a method can be considered in which the same inverter device is used for both normal operation and emergency operation.

In order to carry out efficient towing operation of the platform, it is necessary to perform V/f-Ashikaga so that the voltage V applied to the conductive motor and the frequency have the relationship shown in FIG. Since the machine room of the elevator is supplied with three-phase AC power, during normal operation, the DC power of the inverter is obtained by direct (IIK) conversion of the three-phase AC voltage using a converter.

Therefore, in order to make the output voltage of the inverter have the relationship shown in Figure #I1 relative to its frequency, the period of 7 is long in the low frequency region, so half a cycle is required as shown in Figure 2. The pulse aNt in between is increased and the conduction rate T t /T (time between TF1 half cycles, Tp/d pulse width) of this pulse is controlled to be small.

On the other hand, in the high frequency region, the period is short, so
As shown in FIG. 3, control is performed so that the number of pulses N=i decreases and the pulse conductivity 'I'p/Tk increases. This is called pulse l1li modulation control (PWMI!if control), and if the voltage applied to the induction IIJJ machine is controlled using this method, its torque characteristics will become as shown in Figure 4.
If the speed of the elevator is controlled using this characteristic, the induction motor can be controlled within a small range, resulting in efficient operation.

Next, when operating in an emergency such as a power outage, a battery is connected to the DC power terminal of the inverter, and the inverter converts this DC voltage into a three-phase AC voltage that provides the operating speed in an emergency. It is difficult to perform emergency operation by applying

For this emergency operation, in terms of cost and safety [fl], it is a good idea to operate at a speed considerably lower than the rated speed, so the inverter is suitable for this luck [K corresponds to 7 and 12
It is only necessary to control the output so that 2 number 1- is output.

At this time, the voltage must be matched with the frequency and the ratio must be controlled based on the characteristics shown in FIG. 1, which are the same as during normal operation. However, the number of pulses N and the a+s ratio T p /T of the pulses for performing PWM control are W, 1 based on the voltage obtained by rectifying the DC power supply of the inverter with the AC power supply t converter during normal operation. Since the ratio value is determined to satisfy the characteristics shown in the figure, if the above MIItIIL number, pulse number, and pulse conduction rate are the same values as during normal operation, the DC voltage of the inverter in an emergency is 1 during the above normal operation. It must be the same as the value n obtained from the commercial power source.

This advantage makes emergency power supply equipment expensive and the control device large. If the pulse generator during normal operation is used to lower the voltage during non-1# operation, the torque generated by the motor will be low and depending on the load condition of the elevator, unbalanced torque will cause control to fail. Therefore, it is possible that a safety problem will arise.

The object of the present invention is to provide an AC elevator control device that can safely perform off-line operation using a small and economical DC power supply when an inverter performs normal operation and emergency switching exclusively for power outages. Our goal is to provide the following.

In order to achieve this object, the present invention is characterized in that normal speed control is performed by controlling the voltage and frequency applied to the induction machine by an inverter, and during non-/T periods such as power outages, the inverter controls the DC current. to the power terminal.

The pulse sound 1, which supplies the battery or the like in an extremely direct range mt and controls the inverter, has a larger constant fi♦ than the pulse for the same pulse during normal operation.

In addition to abnormalities such as stopping, the present invention is applicable to cases where the car stops between floors 4 and 4 due to some reason, or when 4 occurs due to elevator control 111gcIf, etc. All applicable when the beast becomes an impossible friend and when operating with DC power supply.

In this case, it is clear that the abnormal ejection means of the present invention should be configured to detect an abnormality 11t corresponding to the abnormality. do.

Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be explained using FIG.
Explain to m.

In Figure 5, 19F1 is a power outage detection device that detects a power outage in three-phase AC t#11, which is the power supply during normal operation. Main circuit contacts 20 and 2 from sK
1. Control circuit contacts 201, , 20m, and 21
m1.21 Open/close switch of m1.

Normally, when turning 211, the above contact point is 20 m 2081 m 2
0 a@s circuit is closed, 21.21 pairs, 211. is opened, converter 2 converts the three-phase AC voltage to 1[(1ftIK
This is converted into pressure and given as a source to the DC of the inverter 3. This inverter 3 is a well-known circuit as shown in FIG. 6, and includes a transistor T't*Tr@ and a diode D.

~D. The conduction of this transistor is controlled to convert the DC voltage Vock into a three-phase AC voltage, which is supplied to the induction region -4.

When the operation start signal of the sequence controller cover 221 inverter is generated, the electromagnetic V-key 5 is released and the i
The A#L pointing device 13 generates a speed command 1 that increases as time increases.

This speed command signal and the speed 1 from the speed detection generator 12 connected to the three-phase conductive motor 4 for driving the elevator
Difference with d? Get used to comparator 14, is this the PWM during normal operation? ! The signal is input to the normal operation pulse generator 1E15 which generates the pulse for 111111.

In order to control the transistor shown in FIG. 6 so that the ratio of the voltage and frequency applied to the pulse generator 15Fi and the induction 11E#ffA4 is constant, the reason for the pulse and the conduction rate are adjusted to the speed command and the speed. It is designed to output the same pulse output as the difference between the number 1 and the number 1.

This pulse is a low-order high gllll in the low frequency region.
The number of pulses is increased to improve the drive characteristics of the motor by completely suppressing the gulp that flows in the area, and on the other hand, in the high frequency region, the number of pulses is set to be reduced due to the limitations of the switching time of the main circuit transistor. be done.

FIG. 7 shows a concrete circuit sequence of the pulse generator 15, in which pulses atN, pulses N @ /'1 pulse, 1 pulse, and 3 pulses are generated in accordance with the output frequency of the inverter.
This is a case of switching to a stage.

FIG. 8 shows waveforms of various parts when Nt-8 pulses are used in FIG. 7.

A pulse at with a frequency north of the control signal is output from the oscillator 31, which is input to the pulse number switch 5svt+ and input to the differentiator 36 to create a pulse c=2, which is then outputted from the t-sawtooth wave generating circuit 37i. The pulses d and t'' are now generated through the control signal dt't-comparison 438, and the pulse e is
t-Create.

On the other hand, the output pulse of the oscillator a is divided into pulses by the atl/2 frequency divider 32! 1), this'f: 6 link ring counters 33, each with a different phase of 60 @pulses I)
o-t)at create. And PwM signal forming circuit 3
4, the above signal be ``'' bI m ''eC's combination of mass sum and gradient product gt-t)o+b1・e+t)
m+ba ・ej g snow=bl +b6 ・ls+b4
+bs ・ej L-bo +b, , 1B+b,
-4-b, ・ej (Create D pulse D, above g s
.

g snow egj here n et al. inversion only 9ftmgtogs (
(not shown) kPWM control pulse.

The above pulse g+ −gs + g t −(s k $
(in Figure I5) (amplified by Luss amplifier circuit 17, gl and gt
t-amplified) (Russ G, t-trunk x ri' in Figure 6)
rrt to the pace of GttTrl, the frequency at is gradually increased according to the speed control difference, and the power running torque of the electric motor 4 is controlled, and this is applied to the elevator car via the reducer 6, sheave 7, and rope 8. 9. Acceleration control of the counterweight 10.

With this method, when the elevator accelerates and travels a predetermined distance and reaches a certain position before the landing point, the position from this position to the landing point is measured by the position detector 11 installed on the car. This is detected and inputted to the speed command device 13.

The speed command device 113 generates a speed command that decreases depending on the deceleration position of the elevator, and according to the difference between this and the speed signal)5, the pulse generator 15 generates a speed command while keeping the voltage/frequency constant. The frequency is gradually decreased according to the speed control deviation to generate induction motor 40 regenerative braking torque t-11.
11J 141 and performs elevator deceleration control.

In this case, the regenerated power may be returned to the power source using a peripheral method, or may be consumed by an external resistor.

When the elevator slows down and the landing point is suitable, this happens (see!
A person 71 inputs a stop signal to the control 922, generates a stop signal from the control 22, applies the electromagnetic flake 5t, and stops the elevator.

In such an elevator-control 7 stem, the alternating ft.
If #Lll111 experiences a power outage, the elevator will be operated in the following manner.

When a power outage occurs inside the JIII Famine, the elevator will remain open until the power is restored.
Canned food accidents can be avoided by not operating the elevator, and by carrying out a rescue operation only if a power outage occurs while the elevator is in operation and the elevator stops outside the door open zone. In this case, it is advantageous in terms of economy and safety to operate at a speed lower than the rated speed.

In FIG. 5, when the AC power supply 1 has a power outage, the power outage is detected by the standstill acclimatization device 19, and the contacts 20 and 20 are connected to each other.
011* circuit, contact 21 and contact 21a, 21M,
Completely closed.

Therefore, the emergency DC power supply value rIIL such as a battery
18 is ljI[IN! of inverter 3] This power supply is connected to the power supply terminal, and at the same time, this power supply is connected to the non-almanac pulse generator 16 and the PAL-X4+M equipment [17, sequence controller 22,
Also connect to the (# terminal of the stop detection device [19).

In this way, the IIE source and pulse generator of each device are switched to emergency use, forming a circuit for emergency four-way switching.

If the output frequency of the inverter 3 corresponding to the operating speed in an emergency is f8 and the voltage tV, then the emergency operation pulse generation fi1i116U, V, /fa generates a pulse that satisfies the 0f-V characteristic in Fig. 511. There is a need.

Then, the IE source voltage V-Ik of the inverter in an emergency
In order to set the power supply voltage V11 lower than the power supply voltage V11 during normal operation, the output voltage f of the inverter 3 for the same frequency should be set as a percentage of the pulse number t-9 as shown in the ninth factor of Fi during normal operation.
During emergency operation, the number of pulses must be set to 2 as shown in FIG. 10, and control must be performed so that the effective voltages are equal.

That is, the pulse generator 15 for normal operation and emergency operation
．． The number of pulses output from 16 is the number of pulses; during normal operation>
Pulse conduction rate during emergency operation;
4 for the voltage for the same frequency! If you do, call #ali
4 generates torque as shown in the FA4 diagram and can drive the elevator.

FIG. 11 shows a specific circuit of the pulse generator 16 for emergency operation, and its operating principle is almost the same as that of the pulse generator for normal operation shown in FIG.

Fig. 12 ri P WM of 2 games during half cycle in Fig. 11
This is a waveform of each part when all the flJ control pulses are applied. A pulse h1 oscillator 40 outputs a pulse h1 having a frequency compared to the speed command signal for emergency operation, this pulse h is differentiated by a differentiator 43, and this is input to the tIM-like generating circuit 44, and the output is IIt command ktt comparison profit weakens pulse 11
create.

On the other hand, the output h' of the oscillator 40 is input to the hexadecimal link ring counter, and the pulses xm and %m each have a phase of 608A.
1tf't'' is formed.Then, the PWM signal forming circuit 42
Then, by combining the above signals m, ~rnI, t, and t, qlml-to t+"l+m4' L
* 'b -1nt +"o ・L+'% +ma 4
, QB = m6 + m, · Create a pulse of 10 m1 · t to t+, and the above q1゜q*+QI and these n inverted signals qIIQ Proverbs ql (illustration omitted) 1 - P during emergency operation
WM pulse.

The above-mentioned pulses q1 to ql+Q1 to Qsk are increased in power by the pulse amplification rotation 17 in FIG. This point is as described above.

When the emergency start signal is generated from the sequence controller 22, the emergency pulse generator 1116 generates a pulse corresponding to the operating speed in the emergency, and sends this pulse to the pulse stage l.
The signal is input to the inverter 3 through the 111 device 17t and drives the elevator.

When the elevator travels and reaches the landing point, the inverter is stopped by a stop signal generated from the sequence controller 922, and the electromagnetic flake 5 is activated to stop and hold the elevator.

According to the embodiment of Figure #15 of the present invention, an emergency power source such as a battery is connected to the DC power terminal of the nine inverters used for normal operation control in an emergency such as a power outage, and pulses are generated for PWM control of the inverter. - The means for controlling force is used as a control means different from that for normal operation, and the pulses generated from the force and force control means have fewer pulses than during normal operation for the same frequency, and the number of pulses is 15! Since the console is controlled using large pulses, the DC conduction voltage of the inverter during emergency operation can be reduced.

Therefore, the entire emergency power supply equipment can be made significantly smaller and cheaper, so there is an effect that an economical elevator control device can be provided.

FIG. 13 shows another embodiment of the present invention, acceleration during emergency operation,
This is a case where speed control is performed even during deceleration.

In FIG. 13, 23 is a speed command device for non-I operation;
4 is ratio e, device, other symbols and operation during normal operation are 5th
Since the implementation is the same as that shown in the figure, the explanation will be omitted.

During emergency operation, a speed command is generated from the first order device 23, and a speed command is generated that is a function of time during Karo speed, and a speed command that is a function of the elevator position for deceleration #. After getting used to it, a PWM operating pulse corresponding to the iIA direct-side difference is output from the emergency operation pulse generator to maintain the speed M1 during emergency operation.

This implementation sequence has the effect that the battery capacity can be further reduced because the radio waves flowing through the TS4 motor during acceleration and deceleration during emergency operation become smaller.

Since the speed feedback side is also used during acceleration and deceleration, custom orders for landing can be greatly improved.

In addition, when driving at relatively low speeds, it is expected that the above-mentioned difference in bed height will not be so problematic.

Therefore, at this time, do not perform speed feedback control,
Speed t that increases or decreases with approximately constant acceleration and deceleration
j, control the inverter with the command to increase the electric current of the induction motor R1-
It is also possible to reduce the battery capacity.

In the embodiments shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 813 above, the pulses for PWM control are explained for INK using equal pulses with equal widths, but unequal pulses with different pulse widths may be used. In this case, the output voltage of the inverter becomes closer to a sine wave, which has the effect of reducing the noise of the electric IIb machine, the heat of the bag, etc.

The pulse generators 115 and 16 in Figs. You may also do so.

By using K in this manner, it is possible to make the device smaller and to generate finer pulses.

In addition, only the pulse generator for normal operation is installed in the elevator.
It is also possible to have a configuration in which the control microcomputer is used and the emergency operation pulse generator is a dedicated circuit.

In this case, even if the microcomputer is out of order, emergency operation can be performed, and safety can be further improved.

As described above, according to the present invention, the normal operation 1f in the event of an emergency such as a power outage
DC power is supplied to the inverter using fII, and the inverter's tlL4 is larger in pulse than during normal operation for this inverter's t-same frequency, so the inverter's direct power supply voltage in an emergency Emergency operation of an AC elevator can be performed safely with a compact and economical direct 171@dlK. For example, in the case of using a battery as a direct current power source, this young fruit is even more noticeable when one considers that regular inspection and replacement are required.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

, @Figure 1 is a relationship diagram between the inverter's output N4 wave number and output voltage, Figures 2 and 3 are output voltage waveform diagrams of the pulse width modulation type inverter, and Figure 4 Fi! The timing diagram of the induction IdJ machine when the inverter is controlled to be custom-made as shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 5 is a block diagram showing the actual flow rate of the present invention, Fig. 6 is the main circuit diagram of the inverter, Fig. 7 is a block diagram of the pulse generator for normal operation, and Fig. 8 shows the various parts of Fig. 7. Waveform diagrams, Figure @9 and Figure 10 are inverter output voltage waveform diagrams during normal operation and emergency operation for the same frequency, Figure @11 is a configuration diagram of the pulse generator for emergency operation, and Figure 12 is Figure 11. FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Three-phase father fl"dLdls 3... Inverter device, 4... Three-phase line conductive gf machine for driving elevator, 9... Passenger car, 15... Pulse generator for normal operation, 16 ...Pulse generator for emergency operation, 17...
) Kurusu amplifier device, 18... Emergency DC power supply device, 1
9...Power outage detection device, 20.20 town, 20at...
Contacts that close during normal operation, Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 13, Figure 11.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A three-phase alternating current fLm source, an induction motor that drives the elevator car, and a DC power storage obtained by converting the three-phase alternating current tIt, which is inputted and supplied to the upper elevator car. Voltage/frequency t
The inverter device that performs OT K and the speed t- of the above corner
A commanding speed [a commanding means, a speed detecting means for detecting the speed f of the above, and a normal operation pulse that outputs the output voltage and frequency t-IJ of the inverter device according to the difference between the speed command and the detected speed. In an AC elevator equipped with an emergency DC power supply and means for generating
and an emergency operation pulse generating means for generating a pulse different from the conduction rate characteristic with respect to the frequency for normal operation, when the abnormality is detected, the DC input from the DC power source to the inverter device is provided. A control unit for an AC elevator configured to supply power to the emergency operation pulse generating means to generate an output t-am of the inverter device. 2. In claim 1, the emergency operation pulse generating means generates pulses having a smaller number of pulses than normal operation pulses for the same frequency and having a large conductivity of 9 per unit pulse. A control device for an AC elevator configured as follows. 3. The claimed scope of the present invention provides a control device for an AC elevator including ten stages for detecting a power outage of the three-phase AC power supply. 4. A control device for an AC elevator according to claim 1, wherein the abnormality detection means includes means for detecting that the heel has stopped between floors. 5. The control device for an AC elevator according to claim 1, wherein the abnormality detection means includes means for detecting failure of the elevator. 6 and 9 In the first aspect of the claims, the emergency operation pulse generating means comprises a speed command generating means for an emergency connection section, and the emergency operation pulse generating means:
A control device for an AC elevator configured to generate pulses according to the speed command for emergency operation. 7. Claim 6, further comprising means for detecting a difference of 1 between the emergency operation speed command and the detected speed, and the emergency operation pulse generating means generates a pulse according to the -difference. A control device for a companion elevator configured as follows. 8.% Allowance The control device for a companion elevator according to claim 6, wherein the speed command for emergency operation is set so that the acceleration/deceleration is substantially constant. 9. In claim 1, when the abnormality is detected,
A control device for an AC elevator configured such that power sources other than the inverter device are also supplied from the emergency 1i current power source. 10. An inverter device that inputs a three-phase AC power source, an induction motor that drives the elevator car, and a DC power source obtained by converting the three-phase AC f&, and varies the voltage ° frequency supplied to the motor; A normal operation that controls the output voltage and frequency of the inverter device according to the difference between the speed command and the detected speed. In an AC elevator equipped with means for generating pulses for normal operation, an emergency DC power supply, means for detecting an abnormality in the elevator, and a device independent of the means for generating pulses for normal operation are used. A driving pulse generating means supplies power from the direct flt power source to the DC input side of the inverter device when the abnormality is detected, and the emergency driving pulse generating device generates an output t1ttIm of the inverter device.
A control device for an AC elevator configured to: 11. According to claim 10, the AC elevator is controlled by switching means for disconnecting the normal operation pulse generation means and connecting all the emergency operation pulse generation means to the inverter device when the abnormality is detected. Device. 12. In claim 10, the emergency operation pulse generation means is configured independently of the normal operation pulse generation means and is configured to generate the next pulse in response to a command from the specific speed command generation means. The constructed AC elevator control device.