JPS5815701B2 - Solar heat absorption type air conditioning and water heater - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention uses an absorption refrigeration system that operates using solar heat as a heat source to effectively collect solar heat and heat a room when hot water supply is required.

Conventional air-conditioning systems that utilize solar heat circulate a heat medium such as trees through a solar heat collector, extract heat as sensible heat, and use this heat to borrow to the gas generator of an absorption chiller during the cooling season. This heat evaporates the refrigerant and performs all cooling operations, while during the heating season, the heat collected by solar collectors is
There were some that used a heat medium to provide heating.

FIG. 1 shows an example of a conventional heating and cooling system.

1 is a solar heat collector, 2 is a hot water circulation pump, 3 is a water bromide resume absorption chiller, 4 is a heated hot water inlet of the absorption chiller, 5 is a heated hot water outlet, and 6 is an absorption chiller. Machine 3
7 is the outlet for the cold water created by , and 7 is the return port for the cold water.

Further, 9, 10, 11, 12°13.14 are valves, and 8 is an indoor heat exchanger.

When cooling, valves 9 and 10 are closed, and valves 11 and 10 are closed.
2. When 13 and 14 are opened, the hot water heated by solar heat operates the absorption refrigerator 3, and the cold water comes out from the outlet 6 and passes through the indoor heat exchanger 8, where the room is cooled.

For heating, when valves 11, 12, 13, and 14 are closed and valves 9 and 10 are opened, the hot water heated by solar heat is led to the indoor heat exchanger 8 to heat the room, and the water whose temperature has decreased is is returned to the solar heat collector 1 by the pump 2.

However, in this type of air conditioning system, since the generator of the absorption chiller cannot be heated through hot water for cooling, the heated water needs to be heated at least 10°C higher than the temperature required by the generator, and heat loss also increases. Not only that, but additional auxiliary power such as a hot water circulation pump is required.

One way to solve this problem is to directly use a solar heat collector as a generator for an absorption refrigerator.

FIG. 2 shows an absorption refrigerator based on this principle.

15 is a solar heat collector, which is also a generator for an absorption refrigerator.

16 is a gas-liquid separator, 17 is a condenser, 18 is an expansion valve, 19
is an evaporator.

20 is an absorber, 21 is a liquid circulation pump, and 22 is a solution heat exchanger.

To explain its operation, when a concentrated solution containing a large amount of refrigerant flows into the generator 15, the temperature rises due to solar radiation, evaporates the refrigerant gas, and the liquid becomes a dilute solution.

The refrigerant gas and the dilute solution are separated in the gas-liquid separator 16, and the refrigerant gas passes through the pipe 23 and reaches the condenser 1T, where it is cooled with water or air and liquefied.The liquefied refrigerant is led indoors and passes through the expansion valve. 1
8, the refrigerant liquid evaporates, and the heat of evaporation is exchanged with indoor air in the evaporator 19 to cool the room.

The evaporated gas refrigerant is then led to the absorber 20.

On the other hand, the dilute solution separated in the gas-liquid separator 16 is transferred to the pipe 2
4 and enters the solution heat exchanger 22.

This is to exchange heat between the cold concentrated solution sent to the generator 15 and the hot diluted solution, and the diluted solution is cooled and sent to the absorber 20.
to go into.

This dilute solution absorbs the refrigerant gas and becomes a concentrated solution, but at the same time it generates heat and can be completely cooled with water or air, so the temperature of the concentrated solution is close to that of water or air.

Since the pressure inside the absorber 20 is still lower than that inside the generator 15, in order to send this concentrated solution to the generator 15, the circulation pump 2 is required.
1 is required.

The liquid exiting the liquid circulation pump 21 is heated in the solution heat exchanger 22 and sent to the generator 15, completing one cycle.

This absorption chiller has the advantage of making effective use of heat and requiring only a liquid circulation pump as auxiliary power, but it is a cooling system and cannot be used for heating purposes during the heating season. However, just as a compression type air conditioner can be used as a heat pump for space heating by reversing the condenser and evaporator, it is not impossible to use the absorption type device in the same way.

During the season when heating is required, the solar heat is weak and the temperature is low, so the temperature of the generator does not rise sufficiently.On the other hand, the condenser is placed in the space to be heated, so the condensing temperature is lower than in summer. Since there is no such thing, it is difficult to make it work satisfactorily.

The present invention improves this point and improves the solar heat absorption cooling device that directly circulates a refrigerant solvent mixture solution to a solar heat collector so that solar heat is efficiently transported indoors during the heating season to perform heating. It is.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained with reference to FIG. 3, which does not include one embodiment thereof.

25 is a solar heat collector/gas generator, 26 is a gas-liquid separator, 27 is a condenser, 28 is an expansion valve, 29 is an indoor heat exchanger, 30 is a water-cooled absorber, 37 is a 38 is the cooling water inlet, 38 is the same outlet, 31 is the liquid feeding pump, 32 is the heat exchanger, 33 is the valve provided between the refrigerant gas passage 39 and the condenser 27, and the valve 36 is the indoor heat exchanger. A winter valve is installed between the valve 33 and the gas-liquid separator 260, and the pipe 40 that connects the valve 36 and the absorber 30 has a valve 34 that opens and closes the passage 9 in the middle. , a throttle valve 35 is provided to adjust the flow rate.

The operation during cooling is exactly the same as shown in FIG. , generates refrigerant gas.

The refrigerant gas passes through the gas-liquid separator 26 and the passage 39. During cooling, the valve 34 is closed and the valve 33 is opened. As a result, the refrigerant gas enters the condenser 27 and is liquefied, and then passes through the expansion valve 28 to the indoor heat exchanger 29. to go into.

Then, when the valve 36 is opened, the evaporated refrigerant gas enters the absorber 30 through the valve 36.

Meanwhile, the dilute solution that has released the gas passes through the heat exchanger 32 and enters the absorber 30 to close the cycle.

When heating or hot water supply is required, valves 33 and 36 are closed, valve 34 is opened, and valve 35 is adjusted to create a pressure difference of about 0.5 kg/ca between generator 25 and absorber 30. And the generated refrigerant gas is transferred to the heat collector and gas generator 2.
5, flows into the absorber 30 via the gas-liquid separator 26 and the passage 40.

On the other hand, for the dilute solution, the heat collector and gas generator 25 and the absorber 300
Due to the pressure difference between the two, the gas flows into the absorber 30, mixes with the refrigerant gas, and dissolves. However, since cooling water flows into the absorber 30 from the perfume inlet 27, this C water is heated by the heat of dissolution, and hot water can be obtained from the hot water outlet 38.

This hot water can be used for bathing or for heating a house.

The concentrated solution that has absorbed the refrigerant gas is sent to the heat collector and gas generator 25 through the heat exchanger 32 via the liquid pump 31, and the cycle is closed.

In this case, the pressure difference between the collector gas generator 25 and the absorber 30 is small, so that the power required for the pump is negligible.

Comparing this method with the conventional method of transporting heat using the sensible heat of water, in the case of the conventional method, hot water must be circulated outdoors where it is easily cooled by wind, etc. Unless construction work is carried out, losses during transportation will always be large.

On the contrary, according to this new method, heat is mainly transported by gas, and heat is exchanged by evaporation and absorption of refrigerant gas, so a large amount of heat 1 is transferred with a small amount of material movement. Therefore, losses during transportation are extremely low.

This can also be compared with a relatively similar means of transporting heat by evaporation and condensation of pure cold wheat substances, under the same condensation or absorption temperature conditions; the evaporation-condensation cycle. In this case, the gas pressure is much higher than in the evaporation-absorption cycle, so if there was a part of the pipe with a temperature lower than that of the condenser, there was a risk that condensation would occur there and heat would be released.

However, in the case of the present invention, as long as the temperature of the pipe wall in the middle is much lower than that of the absorber 30, condensation does not occur in the middle, so there is no need to insulate the gas pipe very strictly. Therefore, it is extremely easy to implement.

In addition, liquid piping exists between the heat collector and gas generator 25, the heat exchanger 32, and the absorber 300, and although some heat is transferred through the liquid piping, the heat exchanger 32 is used as a heat collector and gas generator as much as possible. If the heat exchanger 32 and the absorber 300 are installed close to each other, the temperature of the piping connecting the heat exchanger 32 and the absorber 300 will be about 30° C. at most, so even if the heat insulation is simple, the heat loss will be extremely small.

Table 1 shows some of the experimental data in this example.

In this experiment, all piping between the heat collector/gas generator 25 and the absorber 30 was wrapped with heat insulating material.

The light receiving area of the heat collector/gas generator used in this experiment is approximately 10
rr? Met.

Since the heat collection efficiency of this heat collector and gas generator is about 0.5, it is clear that the loss due to heat transport is extremely small.

Furthermore, the throttle valve 35 used in this experiment is a manual one, and if it is initially fixed in a certain state, the difference between the generator pressure and absorber pressure will increase as the gas flow rate increases, but it will not work at a constant pressure difference. It is desirable that there be.

This pressure difference is the pressure necessary for the dilute solution to flow from the generator 25 to the absorber 30. If the pressure becomes higher than necessary, the temperature of the heat collector/gas generator 25 and absorber 30 will increase accordingly. This is because the difference becomes large and the temperature of the heat collector and gas generator becomes higher than the temperature of the hot water that can be obtained, resulting in a decrease in heat collection efficiency.

As a valve for creating a constant pressure difference, for example, a structure similar to the commonly used capillary Sugakasa constant pressure expansion valve can be considered.

As is clear from the above embodiments, the solar air-conditioning, heating, and water supply system of the present invention can perform cooling and hot water extraction at will by simply adding a simple bypass pipe and three or four valves to a direct-heat type solar-powered cooling system. Since it can be switched, there is also the advantage that, for example, on summer evenings when the sunlight falls to such an extent that the cooling output cannot be changed, it is possible to switch to hot water extraction with a simple valve operation.

; The greatest advantage of the present invention is that it is a direct-heating solar-driven absorption refrigeration system that extremely minimizes heat loss during heat transport, which is the most important of solar heat utilization technologies, and that it can be used in winter, when the problem of heat loss is even more important. When used as a heating heat collector, it has excellent effects in that it can be easily switched to a system that can transport heat with very little heat loss.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional air conditioning system, Fig. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a direct heating type solar heat absorption type air conditioner, and Fig. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a solar heat absorption type air conditioning/heating water supply system showing an embodiment of the present invention. be. 25... Heat collector and gas generator, 26...
・Gas-liquid separator, 27... Condenser, 28...
... Expansion valve, 29 ... Indoor heat exchanger for cooling (evaporator), 30 ... Absorber, 31 ... Liquid feed pump, 32 ...・Heat exchanger, 33.34,3
6... Valve, 35... Flow rate adjustment valve, 3
7...Cold water inlet, 3B...Hot water outlet,
39.40...Aisle.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A solar direct heat absorption type absorption refrigerating device having a structure in which a mixed solution of a refrigerant and a solvent is directly circulated through a solar heat collector, and a refrigerant gas is separated and evaporated from this solution using solar heat, is used. A connecting pipe with an openable/closable valve in the middle is installed between the generator outlet and the absorber to connect the refrigerant vapor from the heater/gas generator directly to the absorber, bypassing the condenser and evaporator. When the above connection pipe is opened during heating or hot water supply operation, the valves installed in the passage connecting the condenser and the condenser and the passage connecting the evaporator and absorber are closed, allowing the refrigerant to flow directly into the absorber. 1. A solar heat absorption type air-conditioning/heating/water heating system characterized by transmitting heat, absorbing it in an absorber, and using the absorbed heat for heating/heating. 2. The solar heat absorption type air-conditioning/heating water heater according to claim 1, wherein a slot valve is provided in the connecting pipe to create a pressure difference between the generator and the absorber. 3. The solar heat absorption type air-conditioning/heating water supply system according to claim 1, wherein a capillary pipe is provided in the connecting pipe to create a pressure difference between the generator and the absorber! . 4. Keep the pressure difference before and after the valve in the connecting pipe constant.
2. The solar heat absorption type air-conditioning/heating water heater according to claim 1, wherein a flow rate regulating valve with a constant pressure difference is provided so that the pressure difference between the generator and the absorber remains approximately constant during operation.