JPS58141726A - Culture for growing seedling - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a seedling growing medium comprising a rock wool mat seed bed and acidic covering soil. More specifically, the present invention melts minerals mainly composed of lime and silicic acid, and
Rock wool mats made of rock wool fiberized with compressed air or high-pressure steam and molded into mats, belts, plates, cubes, etc. (these are simply referred to as mats) are used as seed beds, and the rock wool mats This relates to a seedling growing medium consisting of a seed bed and acidic covering soil.

That is, in the present invention, plant seeds are sown using a rock wool mat, which is extremely lightweight and easy to handle and has excellent physical and chemical properties, as a seed bed, and then acidic soil is covered on top of the rock wool mat. The purpose of this invention is to industrially produce and provide a seedling growing medium for growing seedlings of , Japanese cabbage, rice, etc., which is especially suitable for growing rice seedlings in boxes.

Traditionally, the most common way to raise rice seedlings is to dig soil from fields or mountains, sieve it, aggregate it, disinfect it, add fertilizer, etc., and prepare the potting soil.
Fill a cm x 3 cm seedling box to a thickness of about 2 cjn and place it on the bed, and sow paddy on top of it.1. Further about 0.5C
Cover the soil to a thickness of 1.5 m, heat it to germinate, and then start greening.
Seedlings are raised through a series of operations such as hardening, and for this purpose, generally 3.0 to 9 to 5.
Requires 0 kg of soil. In addition, it usually requires about 20 boxes of seedlings per 10ha, and about 30 boxes of matted seedlings per 1ha, so 200 to 300 boxes for 1ha and 2,000 to 3,000 boxes of matted seedlings for 10ha. is necessary. Therefore, the soil required for this is 9 to 1,500 times exposed to 1 hα of 600. bα is 6,000 yu 95,0
In other words, the average part-time rice farmer uses approximately 101 tons of soil.In addition, in seedling centers that jointly raise seedlings, 100 to 300 tons of soil is required. Using potting soil 0 It is difficult for both farmers and seedling centers to supply such a large amount of potting soil, so for the past ten years or so, farmers have been purchasing pre-prepared potting soil from specialized potting soil companies. The number of farmers and seedling centers has increased rapidly, and it is expected that the number of common interests will continue to increase in the future.

As a result, it is already difficult for soil cultivation companies to obtain sufficient soil to use as raw material for cultivation soil, and it is sure to become even more difficult in the future.

Therefore, materials that can be produced industrially began to attract attention, and chemically synthesized media such as polyurethane foam mats and vegetable fiber molded media made of pulp, rice straw, and rice hulls molded into mats were proposed. Parts are now commercially available.

However, in chemically synthesized media as well as in molded vegetable fiber media, except for the large amounts of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium, which are applied separately in each medium, other essential nutrients are rarely or These media are lightweight and easy to handle because they do not contain any nutrients, so even if you grow seedlings by applying essential nutrients in addition to nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium, the seedling growth performance will be far inferior to that of natural soil. Moka culture medium has the excellent advantages of being simple and efficient, and contains sufficient amounts of silicic acid and other essential nutrients that are especially necessary for rice growth. Blast furnace slag is used as a by-product of steel manufacturing in Japan.
Although it is an extremely excellent and advantageous medium as it is produced in large quantities (up to 30 million tons per year) and is of uniform quality, it is as heavy as natural soil and soil, and it cannot be packed into seedling boxes. The amount of time required for pouring and slurping is no different from that of regular soil.

However, as mentioned above, the rock wool mat seed bed, which is one of the constituent elements of the present invention, is made from the same blast furnace as the seedling culture medium made of granulated blast furnace slag that the present inventor proposed earlier. Because it is molded from rock wool, which is produced using mine slag as the main raw material, there is no shortage of raw materials, and it is rich in silicic acid, which is important for rice growth, as well as various other essential nutrients. Because it contains sufficient amount of
It is qualitatively extremely superior as a medium for raising seedlings. Unlike rock wool, it is made of extremely thin fibers as described below, so the rock wool mat G seed bed made from it is extremely lightweight, weighing only 100g to 250g per box.
It can be easily inserted into the seedling box with one touch on the Camo 21 type, making it extremely efficient to handle. Moreover, its growth and seedling performance are very excellent as shown in the examples.

Rock wool cloak, which is one of the constituent elements of the present invention, is made of rock wool, which is a raw material for seed beds. The molten mineral is heated by centrifugal force,
It is made into fibers using compressed air or high-pressure steam. ”
It is defined as. In this case, minerals whose main components are lime and silicic acid include wollastonite, basalt, magnesia, fireclay, shale, and limestone. Manufactured using as the main raw material. Incidentally, smelted slags of various ferrous alloys such as copper, lead, silver, and other alloys can also be used as raw materials for rock wool, and all of these rock wools can be used in the present invention. Furthermore, according to the same JIS, Rotu Fural is an extremely thin mineral fiber of 7 microns or less, but the rock wool used in the present invention does not necessarily meet the JIS standards.
It is not necessary that the thickness be as specified in S, but it may be of a thickness that does not interfere with molding into a mat shape.

As mentioned above, rock wool is a very thin fiber, and the silicic acid and other nutrients it contains are soluble, so it is in a form that can be easily used effectively by plants.O Rock wool is shown in Table 1. For example, rock wool pine is an alkaline mineral fiber containing 40% or more of alkaline content, and is usually molded using an alkaline adhesive such as water-soluble carbonic acid resin. The weight of rock wool mats varies depending on the degree of compaction during molding, but...
Generally 20kg to 150kl? /rrI of about 3 is suitable for the rock wool mat of the present invention, and for raising rice seedlings, one with a ratio of about 30 to 9 to 70 is most preferable. The weight of one public seedling box is 10,011 to 2,509.

Therefore, its porosity is around 90%, making it extremely breathable and water-retaining. Mari, hook wool mat P
H is generally 8 or more, and is often 10 or more, especially in products made from blast furnace slag, such as in Japan.

However, since plants generally germinate and grow well in a slightly acidic medium, the strongly alkaline rock wool mat described above is not suitable for raising seedlings of ordinary plants.

Above all, rice is a representative acidophilic plant that germinates and grows best in an acidic medium with a pH of about 4.5 to 5.5, so it is not possible to raise seedlings using the strong rock wool mat itself as a medium. That in itself is particularly inappropriate;
Germination is extremely poor, and even if they do germinate, the leaves of the seedlings become poor (chlorosis) and growth is extremely poor. Therefore, Book Wool is known as a ``cultivating soil for plant cultivation and soil conditioner'' (Special Publication No. 41-12
64.2 issue! However, it has rarely been used in the past.6 Therefore, rock wool or
In order to raise plant seedlings using Herock Wool Mat as a medium, it is necessary to adjust the PR of Rock Wool or Rock Wool Makto to make it acidic, but as mentioned above, Rock Wool Mat contains more than 40% alkaline content. Since it is an extremely thin mineral fiber with a size of less than ff microns, if it is treated in a conventional manner, for example with an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid, the alkali content and sulfuric acid will react and destroy the rock wool fiber, so rotafuranil cannot be used. Treatment with acids is not conventional.

The present inventor has achieved the present invention as a result of repeated research in order to take advantage of the excellent physical and chemical properties of the Tsukuwool mat as described above, and to improve the drawbacks that make it unsuitable for raising seedlings due to its high PR. That's what I did. That is, the present invention provides a seedling raising medium that can raise acidophilic plant seedlings without destroying rock wool, which is an extremely fine alkaline mineral fiber, by combining an alkaline rock wool mat with acidic covering soil. It provides the following.

That is, the present invention provides a "rock wool mat formed into a mat made of rock wool fiberized from minerals mainly composed of lime and silicic acid, which is a seedling growing medium consisting of a seed bed and acidic covering soil."
It is related to. In the present invention, even if the pH of the rock wool mat used as a seed bed is 8 or more or 1
Even if it is above 0, if you sow seeds, cover with acidic soil, and water, the entire medium will become moderately acidic, so the sown seeds will germinate normally, and the germinated seedlings will grow well. be. For example, a culture medium constituting material made of gravel-like granulated blast furnace slag produced from the same blast furnace slag as the raw material for rock wool constituting the rock wool mat of the present invention is used as a seed bed to sow paddy. ≠If you raise seedlings by covering them with acidic soil, they will germinate, but they will be abnormal, and the germinated seedlings will suffer from chlorosis, their leaves will become poor, and their growth will be poor. If you apply ammonia nitrogen, such as commonly used ammonium sulfate, which this plant prefers to absorb, the salt will decompose and the ammonia will volatilize, making it useless as a fertilizer or even harmful. However, as proposed earlier by the present inventor, the gravel-like granulated blast furnace slag is treated with sulfuric acid or iron sulfate (Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 56-3292L, 1982-124).
321) or adding Nidoda humic acid (Special Publication Act, 1977)
-24855) is combed to make an acidic medium, and when paddy is sown on this and seedlings are raised, they germinate normally and grow well. However, in the present invention, even if the pH of the rock wool mat used as a seed bed is 10 or more, the rice is sown on it and the seed bed is 0. , 0 When seedlings are grown covered with acidic soil, preferably soil with a pH of 49t to M, the rice germinates normally and, as shown in the Examples, extremely healthy seedlings grow.

There is no phenomenon in which An-thousand-a evaporates. Even though the seed beds are made from the same blast furnace slag and are strongly alkaline, one is gravel-like and the rock wool of the present invention is fibrous, which may explain the difference in seedling-raising results. This is a truly mysterious phenomenon that had never been predicted before.

As described above, in the present invention, a strongly alkaline rock wool mat that does not adjust the pH at all is used as the seed bed, but the covering soil must be acidic. The degree of acidity varies depending on the type of plant to be seeded and raised, but for example, when raising Chie cucumber seedlings, it is preferable to cover soil with a pH of about 6.0 to 6.5, and when raising rice seedlings, it is preferable to cover soil with a pH of about 4.0 to PH.
Covering with soil of about 5.0 is most preferable. In addition, the material for the covering soil is acidic natural soil such as mountain soil, field soil, rice field soil, etc., or soil that has been adjusted to an appropriate acidity by adding the following acidifying agent to these natural soils, or rock. Production slag generated during the production of wool or rock wool that has been made acidic with an acidifying agent such as the one described below can be used. In this case, the acidifying agent used is sulfur, iron sulfate, citric acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, nitroamic acid, or the like. Also, acidic peat or the like may be mixed.

In the present invention, the starting material for the rock wool mat used as the seedbed is, as mentioned above, produced in Japan from blast furnace slag, which is a by-product of 30 million tons of iron production in large quantities. There is no lack of demand for raw materials for the seedling growing medium of the present invention in quantities of 10,000 tons or even hundreds of thousands of tons. In this respect, it seems that there is an infinite amount of soil, but it is not compared to natural soil, where it is difficult to obtain the raw material for cultivation soil at the actual cost. In addition, multi-row rice transplanters are expected to become more widespread as large-scale rice cultivation expands in the future. A seedling growing medium consisting of rock wool and acidic covering soil can fully meet this requirement. In other words, as mentioned above, <cultivating soil made from public natural soil has traditionally been used in public rice seedling boxes 1
Each box weighs 3 to 5 kg, but in the seedling raising medium of the present invention, even if mountain soil with a heavy specific gravity is used as the covering soil, the rock wool mat weighs only about 1 kg of seedlings together with the seed bed. One-third to one-fifth of conventional public soil
It is lightweight. Furthermore, as shown in the examples, the results of raising seedlings are not only not inferior to, but even superior to, public cultivation soils made from mountain soil or rice field soil.

An example of chemical analysis of rock wool is as follows:
As shown in the table.

Table 1 An example of chemical analysis of rock wool Silicic acid (Si02) 35.00%i
Aluminum oxide (A1205)
13.00 1 Lime CCaO)
35.00 Bane (MgO)
7.00' Phosphoric acid (p2Q5
) 0.03-Kari (K2
O2) 0.60 j [Manganese (MnO) 3.00.

Iron oxide (Fe 20B)
0.05'.

PH9,00' OEC2,15゜--8゜-□□--4□□Medium, -Rate□-□□I-□
”-2, Example 1 A rice seedling growing test was conducted.

(1) 200 g of rock wool cut into 5 to 10 lengths of the seedling growing medium of the example,
Using water-soluble carbonic acid resin as a binder, height 28cm z
The mat was compacted to a size of 58 cm in width and 2 cm in height, and an aqueous solution of a surfactant (mFiN20 manufactured by Kao Soap Co., Ltd.) IIi dissolved in 50 cc of water was sprayed on the top surface and dried to obtain a rock wool mat.

To raise seedlings, insert the rock wool mat into a public seedling growing box with an inner diameter of 28 cm x 58 cm x 3 cm.
After watering, paddy was sown on top of the rice, and after further watering, the seedlings were grown using known methods such as germination, greening, and hardening. Further, as fertilizers, 7.5 g of ammonium sulfate, 9 g of lime superphosphate, and 4 g of potassium sulfate were applied during greening.

The inscription used is as follows: Section A: Ferrous sulfate (water salt) and citric acid were added to a mixture of manufacturing slag and peat generated during the production of rock wool in a volume ratio of 2=1. The one made with volcanic ash soil (Kuroboku) with a pH of 5.0 is 0.91.

Section Ha, excavated (red soil) with pH 4.8, and alluvial soil with sulfuric acid added to adjust pH 4.5 to 0.91゜ (2) Comparative Example Seedling Growing Medium Jujo Seedling Mat No. 1 made by Jujo Paper Co., Ltd., which uses Bulb as the raw material, was used as a seed bed, and the same excavated 0.91 as used for Section 71 was used for covering soil.

In the second section, Pillomat made by Kyusan Paper Co., Ltd., which is made from cardboard, was used as a seed bed, and the same mountain soil 11 as in Section 71 was used for covering soil.

In Ward 7, Toyo Rubber seedling mats made from polyurethane foam were used as seed beds, and the same mountain soil 0.91 as in Ward 71 was used for covering soil.

A rice sheet made from peat moss and sold by Sakata Seeds was used as the seed bed, and Yamagami 0.91, the same as in the 71st area, was used for the covering soil.

In Ward 9, Kureha Chemical Association's granular soil K, which is made from mountain soil, was used by soldiers as a seed bed and cover soil.

The same rock wool mat as in the example was used as a seed bed.
Rock wool slag (PH9) 0.91 was used for covering the soil.

In the Ru area, granulated blast furnace slag (PH9.5) was used as the seed bed, and the same mountain soil 0.91 as in the Ha area was used for the covering soil.

However, fertilizer was applied to Wards E, H, D, C, and R as they were commercially available fertilizers that had already been added, and fertilizer was applied to Wards Nu and R in the same manner as in the example.

The results of raising seedlings in the Examples and Comparative Examples are shown in Table 2 below.

1. Table 2: Seedling performance of rice seedlings (seedlings): Seed April 15th, Survey May 6th: Variety Toyonishiki, 200,5+/box (Note) Leaf color is based on the Fuji Leaf color scale.

, 5 and 4 are good, anything below is bad.

Example 2゜As an example, using rock wool 1k19 and water-soluble carbonic acid resin as a binder, length 30 crnz width 50 cm
Consolidate it to a thickness of 10 cm, spray an aqueous solution of the surfactant Kano Soap Co., Ltd. REN 80) dissolved in 5 Qcc of water, and dry the resulting mouthpiece wool mat vertically and horizontally. Cut into 10cm squares to make 15 10am cubes.
Make a cross-shaped cut in the center of each block to serve as a seed hole.
Seeds were sown and seedlings were raised by covering the soil with slightly acidic field soil with a pH of 6.0.

In addition, as Comparative Example 1, a rock wool mat obtained in the same manner as in the above example was used. Chie cucumber seeds were sown in the same manner as above on the seed bed, and the soil was covered with rock wool slag with a pH of 8.5- to raise seedlings. did.

In addition, as Comparative Example 2, 11 territories with a pH of 6.5 were placed in the same number of black polyethylene pots with a diameter of 12 cm as in the example, and the same cucumber seeds as in the example were sown to raise seedlings.

The seedling-raising results are as shown in Table 3 below.Table 3: Seedling-raising results of Kiotsuri seedlings: Seed June 30th, Survey September 28th Cultivar: Yotsuba (Numbers are averages) As shown in the table above. In addition, the live weight of Example 1 was 69% superior to Comparative Example 1 and 51% superior to Comparative Example 2. In Example and Comparative Example 1, the seed bed was the same rock wool mat, but the differences as shown in the table above occurred due to the difference in the acidity and alkalinity of the covering soil.

In the above-mentioned seedling-raising test, an aqueous solution of 200 PPm of three elements, nitrogen phosphoric acid and processing, was applied as fertilizer once a week for up to two true leaves after germination, and twice thereafter as an alternative to watering. However, the types of fertilizer used were ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphorus, and sulfur.

Hereinafter, a rock wool mat molded from 100% rock wool has been described, but the mat can also be molded by mixing plant fibers, synthetic fibers, and other fibers with rock wool as the main material.

Procedural supplement (voluntary) May 76, 1980 In the hands of the Commissioner of the Japan Patent Office Indication of the case 1982 Patent Application No. 021964 2 Clear title of invention Medium for seedling raising 6, Relationship with the amended person case Patent applicant 4. Subject of amendment: "Detailed explanation of the invention in the specification" column 5: Contents of amendment (11) "Strongly acidic" on page 7, line 19 of the BJI specification is amended to "strongly alkaline."

(2) "Process" in the 9th line of the 10th page of the same page is replaced with ``process.'' (6) Next to the 19th line of the 19th page of the same page, Example 3 and Example 4 shown below are added.

[Example 6] 50 g of rock wool with a pH of 9.0 cut to 2 cm to 3 cm in length was opened, and an aqueous solution containing 2 g of water-soluble carbonic acid resin, 1 g of urea, and 0.5 I of phosphoric acid di-treated was dissolved in 50 cc of water. , Spray the rock wool evenly, - side 12c
The rock wool block was molded into a cubic block of 5 m and dried, and the rock wool block was used as a seed bed, with PH5,
Cover the soil to a thickness of 1 cm with loam soil adjusted to 5. Sow the seeds of green pepper (Jadeite bait).2.
Seedlings were raised by applying the 1:00 solution once every 6 to 5 days depending on the growth.

As a comparative example (a), the same rock wool cube block as in the example was used as the floor, and the top surface of the bed was covered with loam soil adjusted to pH 7.5 to a thickness of 1 cm, using the same fertilization method as in the example.

Seeds of the same green pepper were sown and seedlings were raised.

As a comparative example (b), seedlings of the same green pepper were sown directly on the floor of the same rock wool cube block as in the example, without covering with soil, and using the same fertilization method as in the example.

As a comparative example (c), the same volume of conventional seedling-raising soil PH6.5 as in the example was used, and the same fertilization method as in the example was used to raise seedlings of the same sweet pepper fungus.

The seedling raising results are as shown in the table below.

As shown in Table 6, the plant heights of the seedlings of the two Examples of the present invention are as follows.

Although the plant height is shorter than that of the seedlings grown in conventional seedling-raising soil, the fresh weight of the seedlings is shorter.

The seedlings in the example were heavier and stiffer than those grown in conventional seedling soil.

Regarding the fullness of the seedlings, which is calculated by dividing the fresh weight by the plant height, the seedlings of the examples were far superior to the seedlings of the conventional seedling-raising soil. Note that the weight of stems and leaves is the same between the seedlings in the example and the seedlings in the conventional seedling-raising soil;
The roots of the seedlings of Example are heavier. W-tsu, that is, the seedlings of the example.

This is the so-called ideal zunguri seedling, which has a heavy load.

In addition, in Comparative Example A, the seedling bed was exactly the same as in the Example, the only difference being that alkaline loam soil was used as the covering soil, but the plant height, fresh weight, and fullness were inferior to those in the Example. Ta.

In addition, in Comparative Example B, in which pepper seeds were sown directly on the rock wool bed without using any soil covering, growth was even worse than in Comparative Example A, and flowering was delayed.

In addition, the seedlings grown in the conventional seedling soil of Comparative Example C had a higher plant height than the example, but the weight of the stems and leaves was the same as the example, the final weight was lighter than the example, the stacking was also lighter, and the degree of fullness was inferior. .

Example 4 300 g of PH9 rock wool cut into 2 cm to 3 cm fibers was sprayed with an aqueous solution of 10 g of acrylic acid ester resin emulsion, 3 g of urea, and 6S of phosphoric acid dissolved in 300 Ce water, and then opened. Mix, 28c
I made 7 seed beds molded into mX5F3cmX2C11 mats, sowed 200g of paddy to my husband, and set the pH to 2. 3.4.5. 6. The mountain soil adjusted to 7°8 is 11! After covering with soil and raising the seedlings for 21 days, we obtained 2-2 leaf-old young seedlings. In addition, 5g of ammonium sulfate was added on the 10th day after seeding.
I added fertilizer.

The results were as follows.

Variety According to Table 4 of Nipponbare, the seed bed is a strongly alkaline rock wool mat with a pH of 9, which is completely unsuitable for raising rice seedlings, but rice seedlings grow well when covered with acidic soil. Ru. That is, a covering soil with a pH of 3 to 5 is preferable, and a covering soil with a pH < 4 is the best in terms of plant height, dry weight, fullness, and leaf color, all of which exceed the general standards for healthy seedlings listed below. The PH2 covering soil exceeds all standards for healthy seedlings.

Although the plant height is superior to that of PH3 covered soil, the dry weight is inferior, and therefore the degree of fullness is inferior. Also, the color of the second leaf is too dark. On the other hand, when the covering soil had a neutral pH of 7, it was inferior to the healthy seedling standards for each item, and stuffy seedlings occurred. In particular, when the pH of the covering soil was alkaline at 8, all items were far inferior to the standards for healthy seedlings, 9 the leaf color was particularly poor, and a large number of stuffy seedlings occurred.

Incidentally, although there are no officially recognized standards for the health of young seedlings, generally speaking, the plant height is 10 cm to 13 cm, the dry weight is 1089 or more,
The degree of fullness is said to be 1.0 or more, and the color of two leaves is 4 to 5"."

Claims (1)

[Claims] Rock wool mats are made from rock wool fibers made from minerals whose main components are lime and silicic acid. Rock wool mats are a seedling growing medium consisting of a seed bed and acidic covering soil.